Maahmaahda ah "waxba ma qummana" runtii waa run horumarinta software, halkaas oo cayayaanka ay ka leexin karaan khibradaha isticmaalaha. Nasiib darro, haddii PC-gaagu ku dhaco qaladka Shaashadda Buluugga ah ee Dhimashada (BSOD)^{(Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error)} , cilad weyn oo PC ah ayaa dhacaysa, waana (inkasta oo aan had iyo jeer ahayn) ay sababto dhiqlaha koodka qaarkood.

Mid ka mid ah khaladaadka BSOD ee aan caadiga ahayn ee soo muuqda waa "Tixraaca tilmaame" BSOD (tixraac_by_pointer). Isku dayga in la raadiyo sababta BSOD waa mid adag, laakiin badanaa waxay tilmaamaysaa dhibaatooyin aad si fudud u hagaajin karto. Markaa, haddii aad isku dayayso inaad cilad saarto tixraaca_by_pointer BSOD , hagahan waa inuu ku caawiyaa.

Maxaa Keena Tixraaca Tilmaamaha BSOD Khaladka gudaha Windows 10?^{(What Causes a Reference By Pointer BSOD Error in Windows 10?)}

Tixraaca tilmaame BSOD (sidoo kale loo yaqaan tixraaca_by_pointer ama 0x00000018 qalad) badanaa waxay tilmaamaysaa arrin ku saabsan faylalka nidaamkaaga ama darawalada qalabka .

Si loo caawiyo kala horraysiinta ilaha nidaamka, Windows gudeedku waxa uu tixraacaa curiyayaasha socda (sida daaqad furan) sida “walxaha” nambarada tilmaamaya inta jeer ee walxaha la tixraaco (ama loo isticmaalo) meelo kale. 

Qiimahani wuu yaraanayaa ilaa shayga laga saarayo, taas oo u fasaxaysa nidaamkaaga xusuusta adeegyada kale ee socda.

Marka fariinta tixraaca_by_pointer ay soo baxdo, Windows waxay arkaysaa tirinta tixraaca ee shay ordaya. Maaddaama ay tani noqon karto arrin amni oo halis ah, Windows ayaa joojin doonta oo soo bandhigi doonta BSOD , taasoo ku qasbaysa nidaamkaaga inuu dib u bilaabo oo uu nadiifiyo dhammaan xusuusta firfircoon ee geeddi-socodka.

Ku dhawaad ​​xaalad kasta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan waxaa badanaa sababa gabal software ah oo buggy. Dareewalada qalabku^(Hardware) waa sababta ugu badan, oo leh kaararka garaafyada iyo qaybaha kale sida aaladaha shabakadaha ayaa badanaa keena fariinta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa sidoo kale sababi kara arrimo kale, sida faylalka nidaamka musuqmaasuqa ama xitaa qalabka ku guuldareystay.

Kahor intaadan isku dayin wax kale, waa inaad hubisaa faylashaada kaydinta xusuusta ee BSOD^{(check your BSOD memory dump files)} wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah. Waxaad ka heli doontaa tilmaamo muhiim ah oo ka dambeeya sababta tixraaca BSOD , sida faylka darawalka (oo leh faylka .sys kordhin) ama habka nidaamka (sida ntosknrl.exe ).

Markaad hesho sabab macquul ah (sida darawalka cilladaysan), waxaad raaci kartaa tillaabooyinka hoose si aad u xalliso arrinta.

U beddel Habka Nabdoon ee Cilad-raadinta^{(Switch to Safe Mode for Troubleshooting)}

Ka dib BSOD , kombuyutarkaaga waxaa lagu qasbay inuu dib u bilaabo. Haddii ay ku dhegto tixraaca_by_pointer BSOD loop (oo dib-u-bilaabid kastaa keenayo fariin kale oo BSOD ah), waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad gasho Habka Badbaadada^{(boot into Safe Mode)} ah si aad u bilowdo habka cilad-saarka.

Habka^(Mode) badbaadada leh wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa Windows oo leh nidaamka ugu aasaasiga ah ee darawallada iyo hababka nidaamka looga baahan yahay inay si sax ah u shaqeeyaan, taas oo kuu ogolaanaysa inaad xalliso arrimaha darawalka adigoon halis gelin BSOD kale .

Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa Habka^(Mode) Badbaadada ah si aad u falanqeyso faylalkaaga BSOD ee qashinka ka hor intaadan bilaabin isku dayo kale oo lagu xallinayo dhibaatada.

1. Si aad u gasho Mode^(Mode) Safe , waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad joojiso taxanaha boot-up Windows ugu yaraan saddex jeer. Si tan loo sameeyo, kombuyuutarkaaga kor u qaad oo sug ilaa calaamadda Windows ka soo muuqato. Riix badhanka dib u dajinta PC gaaga (ama tabo oo hay badhanka awooda kombayutarka) si aad u qasbo reboot, dabadeed tan ku celi ugu yaraan laba jeer oo kale.

1. Daaqadaha ayaa u gali doona hab toos ah oo dayactir^{(Automatic Repair)} ah si ay isugu dayaan oo ay u xaliyaan loop boot^{(resolve a boot loop)} ka dib seddex isku day oo lagu guul daraystay in kor loo qaado. Marka aad gaarto liiska dayactirka tooska ah^{( Automatic Repair )} , dooro Advanced Options > Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart -sheegid> Ikhtiyaarada sare

1. Daqiiqado yar ka dib (iyo reboot degdeg ah), dooro ikhtiyaarka boot-ka Badbaadada ah^(Mode) ee aad doorbidayso adoo isticmaalaya furayaasha lambarkaaga kiiboodhka. Tusaale ahaan, dooro 4 ee heerka Badbaado Mode , 5 ee Qaabka Badbaado^{(Safe Mode)} leh oo leh astaamo iskuxiran oo karti leh, ama 6 ee Qaabka Badbaadada leh oo leh kaliya amar degdeg ah oo^{(command prompt terminal)} muuqda.

Daaqadaha waxa ay sii wadi doontaa in ay kor u kacdo iyada oo la isticmaalayo doorashadaada Habka Badbaadada^{(Safe Mode)} ah ee aad dooratay , halkaas oo aad ka dib sii wadi karto tillaabooyinka cilad-saarka ee hoos ku xusan.

Cusbooneysii faylalka nidaamka iyo wadayaasha aaladaha^{(Update System Files and Device Drivers)}

Cilad ku jirta Windows ama dareewalka aalada wuxuu keeni karaa tixraac_by_pointer BSOD^(BSOD) . Si aad uga gudubto arrintan, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad hubiso in faylasha nidaamkaaga iyo darawaladu ay yihiin kuwo casriyeysan oo isticmaalaya nidaamka Cusbooneysiinta Windows^{(Windows Update)} .

1. Si aad u bilowdo, midig-guji menu-ka Start oo dooro Settings si aad u furto Dejinta Windows.

1. Menu Settings, dooro Cusboonaysiinta & Amniga^{(Update & Security )} > Cusboonaysiinta Windows^{(Windows Update)} . Daaqadaha waa inay si toos ah u eegtaa wixii ku soo cusboonaado laakiin, haddii aanay taasi dhicin, dooro Hubinta Cusboonaysiinta^{(Check for Updates)} . Dooro Ku rakib Cusbooneysii^{(Install Updates)} haddii wax cusbooneysiin ah aad diyaar u tahay inaad gacanta ku rakibto.

1. U ogolow wakhti ay Windows ku soo dejiso oo ku rakibto cusboonaysiinta cusub ee nidaamkaaga. Marka tani dhammaato, dib u billow kombuyutarkaaga si aad ugu shubto cusboonaysiinta iyo darawalada oo aad u dhamaystirto hawsha. Waxaad si dhakhso ah u samayn kartaa tan adigoo gujinaya midigta guji Start menu oo dooro Shut down ama ka bax^{(Shut down or sign out )} > Dib u bilow^(Restart) .

Dib ugu celi Darawalka Dhawaan La Rakibay ama Nidaamka Cusbooneysiinta^{(Roll Back a Recently Installed Driver or System Update)}

Iyadoo cusboonaysiinta nidaamka ay marayso hab tijaabo ah oo adag, dhiqlaha iyo arrimuhu wali way dhici karaan.

Haddi aad aragto cilad BSOD^(BSOD) ee tixraaca_by_pointer kadib markaad dhawaan cusboonaysiisay faylalka nidaamkaaga ama wadayaasha aaladaha, waxa laga yaabaa inaad soo bandhigtay faylal khaldan. Nasiib wanaag, Windows wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad dib ugu soo celiso darawalka Windows^{(roll back a driver on Windows)} oo aad ka saarto wixii cusbooneeysiin ah ee Windows ee dhawaanahan^{(uninstall any recent Windows updates)} sababaya.

Sida Dib Loogu Celiyo Darawalka Qalab^{(How to Roll Back a Device Driver)}

1. Si aad dib ugu soo celiso darawalka qalab ee dhawaan la rakibay, midig-guji liiska Start oo dooro Maareeyaha Qalabka^{(Device Manager)} .

1. Daaqada Maareeyaha Qalabka^{(Device Manager )} , hel aaladda darawalada dhawaan la cusboonaysiiyay. Midig ku dhufo^{(Right-click)} qalabka oo dooro Guryaha^(Properties) .

1. Tabka Darawalka^(Driver) ee daaqada Properties , dooro ^(Properties)Roll Back Driver option. Tani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa darawalkii dhawaan la rakibay waxayna soo celin doontaa noocii hore loo isticmaalay. Kadib markaad doorato Roll Back Driver , raac tilmaamaha dheeraadka ah ee shaashadda si aad u dhamaystirto habka.

1. Marka aad dib u soo celiso darawalkaaga, dib u bilaw kombayutarkaga si aad u dhamaystirto hawsha adiga oo midigta gujinaya Start menu oo dooranaya Xiri ama Saxiix^{(Shut down or sign out )} > Dib u bilow^(Restart) .

Sida Loo Saarto Cusbooneysiinta Nidaamka^{(How to Remove a System Update)}

1. Si aad u uninstall-ka cusub ee nidaamka dhawaan, riix-midig ee Start menu oo dooro Settings .

1. Menu Settings^{(Settings )} , dooro Cusbooneysii & Amniga^{(Update & Security )} > Arag taariikhda cusboonaysiinta^{(View update history )} > Cusbooneysiinta ka saar^{(Uninstall updates)} .

1. Liiska Gudida Kontoroolka^{(Control Panel)} ee qaabkii hore ayaa soo bixi doona. Si aad u xalliso wararka taariikhda, dooro ciwaanka qaybta lagu rakibay^{(Installed On)} si aad u kala saarto . Hel cusbooneysiinta aad rabto inaad ka saarto, ka dibna dooro Uninstall si aad meesha uga saarto. Haddii ikhtiyaarka Uninstall - ka aan la heli karin, cusboonaysiinta nidaamka waxaa loo arkaa mid muhiim ah lamana saari karo.

1. Raac^(Follow) tilmaamaha dheeraadka ah ee shaashadda si aad meesha uga saarto cusboonaysiinta. Marka la furo, dib u bilow kombuyutarkaaga adiga oo midigta gujinaya Start menu oo dooranaya Xiri ama ka bax^{(Shut down or sign out )} > Dib u bilow^(Restart) .

Ka hubi faylalka nidaamkaaga khaladaadka^{(Check Your System Files for Errors)}

Faylasha Windows^(Windows) si joogto ah ayay isu beddelaan, iyadoo habayn iyo faylal si joogto ah loo cusboonaysiiyay. Nasiib darro, rakibaaddaada Windows waxay la kulmi doontaa isbeddello masiibo ah waqti ka waqti, laga bilaabo caabuqyada malware-^{(malware infections)} ka iyo guul-darrooyinka qaybta wadida adag.

Haddii aad u malaynayso in rakibaadda Windows -kaagu uu si uun u fashilan yahay oo uu keenayo khaladkan ^(Windows)BSOD , waxaad ka hubin kartaa khaladaadka adoo isticmaalaya qalabka SFC iyo DISM .

1. Si aad u socodsiiso qalabkan, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad furto daaqad cusub oo Windows PowerShell ah. ^{(Windows PowerShell)}Midig ku dhufo^{(Right-click)} menu- ka Start oo dooro Windows PowerShell (Admin) si tan loo sameeyo.

1. Daaqadda PowerShell, ku qor dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth oo dooro Geli^(Enter) kumbuyuutarkaaga. Tani waxay hubin doontaa sawirka nidaamka Windows (oo loo adeegsaday dib u habeynta faylashaada rakibaadda) arrimaha daacadnimada. Haddii ay jiraan galal maqan ama kharribmay, DISM ayaa beddeli doonta.

1. Marka qalabka DISM uu dhammaysto, ku qor sfc /scannow si aad u isticmaasho nidaamka File Checker^{(System File Checker)} Tool si aad u baadho khaladaadka rakibaada Windows . Haddii ay ogaato iyaga, waxay isku dayi doontaa inay ku beddesho iyaga iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka cusub ee DISM-ku soo saaray faylalka sawirka, hubinta in rakibaaddaagu si sax ah u shaqeynayo.

Dib u billow kombuyutarkaaga mar alla markii aaladda SFC ay dhammayso sawirka galka rakibaadda Windows . Haddii aysan dib u cusbooneysiin karin ama hagaajin karin faylashaada, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad eegto doorashooyin aad u adag, sida dib u dejinta Windows 10^{(resetting Windows 10)} oo leh rakibaad cusub.

Tijaabi qalabkaaga (oo Beddel haddii loo baahdo)^{(Test Your Hardware (and Replace If Required))}

Faylasha musuqmaasuqa^(Corrupt) ama buggy kaliya ma keenaan xasillooni darro nidaamka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii qalabkaagu uu kuleyl badan yahay, si xad dhaaf ah u shaqeeyo, ama si cad u fashilmay, khaladaadka nidaamka sida tixraaca tilmaame BSOD waa tallaabada xigta ka hor fashilka PC buuxa.

Haddii kulaylku yahay arrin, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad nadiifiso PC-gaaga^{(clean out your PC)} oo aad tixgeliso cusboonaysiinta qaboojintaada si ay gacan uga geysato xallinta arrinta. Talaabadaada xigta waa inaad si fiican u tijaabiso qalabkaaga, adoo isticmaalaya tijaabooyinka cadaadiska CPU^{(CPU stress tests)} iyo aaladaha tijaabinta xusuusta^{(memory testing tools)} , iyo sidoo kale inaad ka hubiso darawalkaaga khaladaadka^{(checking your hard drive for errors)} .

Haddii qalabkaagu yahay dhibka, jawaabtaada kaliya ayaa ah inaad bedesho. Waxaad ku beddeli kartaa qaybo gaar ah (sida Motherboard-ka ama CPU ), laakiin haddii kombuyuutarku aad u da' weyn yahay in la dayactiro, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad tixgeliso casriyeyn dhammaystiran, adigoo ku beddelaya kombuyutarkaaga gebi ahaan PC cusub oo horay loo dhisay ama beddelka PC- gaaga cusub.^{(building your new PC)} .

Ka soo kabashada Khaladaadka BSOD ee Daaqadaha^{(Recovering from BSOD Errors on Windows)}

Tixraaca tilmaamayaasha BSOD qaladka badanaa maaha wax laga werwero, laakiin la'aanteed dayactirka nidaamka joogtada ah ee meesha, waxay tilmaami kartaa dhibaato halis ah oo ku saabsan PC-gaaga. Hubi^(Make) inaad kaydiso faylashaada muhiimka ah meelo kale^{(keep your important files backed up elsewhere)} si aadan u lumin faylashaada marka PC-gaagu xumaado oo aad hubiso inaad dib u soo celinayso nidaamka^{(have system restore enabled)} .

Haddii aadan dhibaatada ku xallin karin adigoo isticmaalaya tillaabooyinka kore, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad tixgeliso doorashooyin aad u daran. Haddi qalabku xumaado, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ka fikirto cusboonaysiinta kombayutarkaga^{(consider upgrading your PC)} ama inaad gabi ahaanba badasho. Haddii kale, waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay waqtigii la tirtiri lahaa oo dib loo dejin lahaa Windows^{(wipe and reset Windows)} si loo soo celiyo xasilloonida, inkasta oo aad u baahan doonto inaad ka soo celiso faylashaada^{(restore your files)} kaydka ka dib.

How to Fix a Reference By Pointer BSOD on Windows

The adage that “nothing is pеrfect” is certaіnly true for software development, whеre bυgs can and will derаil the usеr experience. Unfortunately, if your PC crashes with a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error, a serious PC fault is occurring, and it’s usually (although not always) caused by bugs in some code.

One of the most unusual BSOD errors to appear is the “reference by pointer” BSOD (reference_by_pointer). Trying to track down the cause of this BSOD is tricky, but it usually points to problems that you can easily fix. So, if you’re trying to troubleshoot a reference_by_pointer BSOD error, this guide should help you.

What Causes a Reference By Pointer BSOD Error in Windows 10?

A reference by pointer BSOD error (also known as a reference_by_pointer or 0x00000018 error) usually points to an issue with your system files or device drivers.

To help prioritize system resources, Windows internally refers to running elements (such as an open window) as “objects” with numbers that identify how many times the elements are referenced (or used) elsewhere. 

This value decreases until the object is removed, freeing up your system memory for other running services.

When a reference_by_pointer message appears, Windows is seeing an incorrect reference count for a running object. As this could be a serious security issue, Windows will stop and display a BSOD, forcing your system to restart and clearing all active memory in the process.

In almost every case, however, this is usually caused by a buggy piece of software. Hardware drivers are the most common cause, with graphics cards and other components like network devices often causing the message. However, it can also be caused by other issues, such as corrupt system files or even failing hardware.

Before you try anything else, you should check your BSOD memory dump files for more information. You will find vital clues behind the cause of a reference by pointer BSOD, such as a driver file (with a .sys file extension) or a system process (such as ntosknrl.exe).

Once you’ve located a possible cause (such as a malfunctioning driver), you can follow the steps below to resolve the issue.

Switch to Safe Mode for Troubleshooting

Following a BSOD, your PC is forced to reboot. If stuck in a reference_by_pointer BSOD loop (with each reboot causing another BSOD message), you’ll need to boot into Safe Mode to begin the troubleshooting process.

Safe Mode runs Windows with the most basic set of drivers and system processes required to function properly, allowing you to troubleshoot driver issues without risking another BSOD.

You can also use Safe Mode to analyze your BSOD dump files before you begin any other attempts to fix the problem.

1. To boot into Safe Mode, you’ll need to interrupt the Windows boot-up sequence at least three times. To do this, power up your PC and wait until the Windows logo appears. Press your PC’s reset button (or press and hold your PC’s power button) to force a reboot, then repeat this at least two more times.

1. Windows will boot into Automatic Repair mode to try and resolve a boot loop after three failed attempts to boot up. Once you reach the Automatic Repair menu, select Advanced Options > Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart to access your boot-up options.

1. After a few moments (and a quick reboot), select your preferred Safe Mode boot-up option using your keyboard number keys. For example, select 4 for standard Safe Mode, 5 for Safe Mode with networking features enabled, or 6 for Safe Mode with only a command prompt terminal visible.

Windows will proceed to boot up using your chosen Safe Mode option, where you can then continue with the troubleshooting steps outlined below.

Update System Files and Device Drivers

A bug in Windows or a device driver can cause a reference_by_pointer BSOD. To overcome this issue, you’ll need to make sure your system files and drivers are up-to-date using the Windows Update system.

1. To begin, right-click the Start menu and select Settings to open Windows Settings.

1. In the Settings menu, select Update & Security > Windows Update. Windows should check for updates automatically but, if it doesn’t, select Check for Updates. Select Install Updates if any updates are available for you to install manually.

1. Allow time for Windows to download and install the new updates for your system. Once this is complete, restart your PC to load the new updates and drivers and complete the process. You can quickly do this by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Shut down or sign out > Restart.

Roll Back a Recently Installed Driver or System Update

While system updates undergo a rigorous testing process, bugs and issues can still occur.

If you only see a reference_by_pointer BSOD error after you’ve recently updated your system files or device drivers, you may have introduced a bugged set of files. Thankfully, Windows allows you to roll back a driver on Windows and uninstall any recent Windows updates that are causing issues.

How to Roll Back a Device Driver

1. To roll back a recently installed device driver, right-click the Start menu and select Device Manager.

1. In the Device Manager window, locate the device with the recently updated drivers. Right-click the device and select Properties.

1. In the Driver tab of the Properties window, select the Roll Back Driver option. This will remove the recently installed driver and restore the previously used version. After selecting Roll Back Driver, follow any additional on-screen instructions to complete the process.

1. Once you’ve rolled back your driver, restart your PC to complete the process by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Shut down or sign out > Restart.

How to Remove a System Update

1. To uninstall a recent system update, right-click the Start menu and select Settings.

1. In the Settings menu, select Update & Security > View update history > Uninstall updates.

1. An old-style Control Panel menu will appear. To sort updates by date, select the Installed On category title to sort them. Locate the update you wish to remove, then select Uninstall to remove it. If the Uninstall option isn’t available, the system update is considered essential and can’t be removed.

1. Follow any additional on-screen instructions to remove the update. Once it’s uninstalled, restart your PC by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Shut down or sign out > Restart.

Check Your System Files for Errors

Windows files are constantly changing, with settings and files updated regularly. Unfortunately, your Windows installation will face more catastrophic changes from time to time, from malware infections to hard drive sector failures.

If you think that your Windows installation is failing somehow and causing this BSOD error, you can check it for errors using the SFC and DISM tools.

1. To run these tools, you’ll need to open a new Windows PowerShell window. Right-click the Start menu and select Windows PowerShell (Admin) to do this.

1. In the PowerShell window, type dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth and select Enter on your keyboard. This will check your Windows system image (used to reset your installation files) for integrity issues. If there are missing or corrupted files, DISM will replace them.

1. Once the DISM tool is complete, type sfc /scannow to use the System File Checker tool to scan your Windows installation for errors. If it detects them, it will attempt to replace them using the fresh DISM-generated system image files, ensuring your installation is working properly.

Restart your PC once the SFC tool finishes a scan of your Windows installation files. If it can’t update or repair your files, you may need to look at more drastic options, such as resetting Windows 10 with a fresh installation.

Test Your Hardware (and Replace If Required)

Corrupt or buggy files don’t only cause system instability. For example, if your hardware is overheating, overworked, or just plain failing, system errors like a reference by pointer BSOD are the next step before a full PC failure.

If heat is an issue, you’ll need to clean out your PC and consider upgrading your cooling to help resolve the issue. Your next step is to test your hardware thoroughly, using CPU stress tests and memory testing tools, as well as checking your hard drive for errors.

If your hardware is the problem, your only answer is to replace it. You can replace individual components (such as your motherboard or CPU), but if the PC is too old to repair, you may need to consider a complete upgrade, replacing your PC entirely with a fresh pre-built PC or building your new PC instead.

Recovering from BSOD Errors on Windows

A reference by pointer BSOD error isn’t usually something to worry about, but without regular system maintenance in place, it could point to a serious problem with your PC. Make sure to keep your important files backed up elsewhere so you don’t lose your files when your PC crashes and ensure you have system restore enabled.

If you can’t fix the problem using the steps above, you might need to consider more drastic options. If your hardware is faulty, you’ll need to consider upgrading your PC or replacing it entirely. Otherwise, it might be time to wipe and reset Windows to restore stability, although you’ll need to restore your files from a backup afterwards.

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