Waxaa jirta fursad wanaagsan oo aad ku dhacday maqaalkan sababtoo ah arjiga aad isku dayayso inaad furto ayaa ka cabanaysa "dekedda" la xannibay ama waxaad akhriday sida "dekedaha" qaarkood ee ka furan shabakadaada ay u noqon karto dhibaato amni. . 

Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhamaadka qoraalkan ma ogaan doontid oo keliya waxa dekedahan qof kastaa ka socdo, laakiin sida loo hubiyo kumbuyuutarkaaga si aad u hesho dekedo furan ama xiran.

Waa maxay Deked Shabakadu?^{(What Is a Network Port?)}

Waxa ugu horreeya ee ay tahay inaad ogaato waa in dekedaha aan halkan ku tixraaceyno ay yihiin kuwo muuqaal ah^(virtual) . Wax shaqo ah kuma laha dekedaha qalabka shabakadaha jireed ee router kaaga, TV-ga, consoles'ka ama kombayutaradaada. Dekeduhu waa hab loogu talagalay qalabka shabakadaada iyo software si ay u habeeyaan taraafikada macluumaadka. 

Ka fakar dariiqyada gaarka ah ee wadada. Laamiga waxaa loogu talagalay dadka lugeynaya. Waxaa jiri kara waddo baaskiil oo gaar loo leeyahay. Baabuurta baabuurka iyo basaskaba^(Carpool) waxay leeyihiin waddooyin u gaar ah. Dekeduhu waxay u shaqeeyaan isla shaqo isku mid ah. Hal deked ayaa laga yaabaa in loo isticmaalo helitaanka iimaylada, halka mid kalena uu xanbaarsan yahay codsiyada wareejinta faylka, ama taraafikada mareegaha. 

Waxa jira laba nooc oo dekedo ah, kuwaas oo u baahan sharraxaad kooban ka hor inta aynaan u gudbin hubinta dekedaha nidaamkaaga furan iyo kuwa aan furnayn.

Maxay yihiin TCP & UDP Ports?^{(What Are TCP & UDP Ports?)}

Labada nooc ee dekadaha caadiga ah ee shabakadaha casriga ah waxaa loo yaqaannaa TCP iyo UDP . Kaasi waa borotokoolka xakamaynta gudbinta^{(Transmission Control Protocol)} iyo borotokoolka xogta isticmaalaha^{(User Datagram Protocol )} siday u kala horreeyaan. Markaa labadan nooc ee dekeddu waxay isticmaalaan borotokool kala duwan oo shabakadeed.

Kaas oo aad u malayn karto inay yihiin xeerar gaar ah oo ku saabsan sida qaybaha macluumaadka loo diri karo loona heli karo. Labada nooc ee dekeddu waxay ku dhisan yihiin habka aasaasiga ah ee Internet Protocol (IP) kaas oo ka dhigaya internetka iyo shabakadaha guriga, si fiican, shaqo^(work) . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada kala duwan.

Farqiga weyn ayaa ah marka aad u dirto macluumaadka UDP , soo diruhu maaha in marka hore uu xiriir la sameeyo aqbalaha ka hor inta uusan bilaabin wadahadalka. Waxay la mid tahay in warqad la diro. Ma garanaysid in qofka kale uu helay fariintaada mana dammaanad qaadid inaad heli doonto jawaab celin.

TCP , dhanka kale, waxay u badan tahay sida wicitaanka taleefanka. Qaatahu waa inuu "qaadaa" isku xirka waxaana jira dib-iyo-hor-dhac ah oo macluumaad ah ilaa qof si ula kac ah u xiro.

Farimaha UDP^(UDP) waxaa guud ahaan laga siidaaya shabakad qof kasta oo dhageysanaya dekedda UDP ee la cayimay. ^(UDP)Tani waxay ka dhigaysaa mid ku habboon farriimaha nooca guriga lagu hayo ee la xidhiidha socodsiinta shabakadda lafteeda. Waxa kale oo ay ku fiican tahay baahinta codka-ka-badan-IP, ciyaaraha fiidyaha ee khadka iyo baahinta baahinta. 

Waa maxay sababtu? Codsiyadani waxay ka faa'iidaystaan ​​daahitaanka hooseeya ee UDP iyo qulqulka joogtada ah ee macluumaadka oo aan ahayn inay noqdaan kuwo qumman si ay waxtar u yeeshaan. In yar oo musuqmaasuq ah oo ku jirta wada sheekeysigaaga Skype aad ayey uga yar tahay qadarka hooseeya ee dib u dhaca, ka dib oo dhan.

TCP aad ayey uga badan tahay UDP waxayna si buuxda u hubisaa in dhammaan xogta la helay khaladaadka. Kaliya wax kasta oo aan u baahnayn faa'iidooyinka gaarka ah ee UDP , waxay isticmaashaa TCP beddelkeeda.

Dekedee ayaa inta badan furan?^{(Which Ports Are Usually Open By Default?)}

Waxaa jira dekedo BADAN . ^(LOT)Nambarka dekeddu wuxuu noqon karaa 0 ilaa 65535! Taas macnaheedu maaha codsi kasta wuxuu dooran karaa deked kasta. Waxaa jira heerar la dajiyay iyo kala duwanaansho, taas oo naga caawinaysa inaan samayno dareenka qaylada.

Dekadaha 0-1023 waxay ku xidhan yihiin qaar ka mid ah adeegyada shabakada ugu muhiimsan iyo kuwa aasaasiga ah. Tani waxay macno samaynaysaa, mar haddii dekedaha tirada yar la qoondeeyey marka hore. Xeerka SMTP ee iimaylka, tusaale ahaan, waxa si gaar ah u isticmaala dekedda 25.

Dekadaha 1024-49151 waxaa loo yaqaan "dekedaha diiwaangashan" waxaana loo qoondeeyay adeegyada guud ee muhiimka ah sida OpenVPN ee dekedda 1194 ama Microsoft SQL ee dekedaha 1433 iyo 1434.

Inta soo hartay nambarada dekeda waxaa loo yaqaan dekedaha "dynamic" ama "gaar ah". Dekadahan lama sii hayo oo qof kastaa wuu isticmaali karaa shabakad si uu u taageero adeeg gaar ah. Dhibaatada kaliya ayaa soo baxda marka laba ama in ka badan oo adeegyo ah oo isku shabakad ah ay isticmaalayaan hal deked.

In kasta oo aysan suurtagal ahayn in la liis gareeyo deked kasta oo muhiim ah, dekedahan caadiga ah ayaa faa'iido leh in la ogaado wadnaha:

• 20 - FTP (Xeerka wareejinta faylka)
• 22 - Shell sugan^{(Secure Shell)} (SSH)
• 25 - Hab-maamuuska Wareejinta Boostada Fudud^{(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)} (SMTP)
• 53 -  Nidaamka Magaca Domain^{(Domain Name System)} (DNS)
• 80- Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP )
• 110 - Nidaamka Boostada (POP3)
• 143 - Habka Galitaanka Fariinta Internetka^{(Internet Message Access Protocol)} ( IMAP )
• 443 -  HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

Maadaama ay jiraan kumanaan tiro badan oo dekedo ah, habka ugu fudud ayaa ah in la xasuusto tirada. Kaas oo^(Which) kuu sheegi doona haddii deked la siiyey ay kaydsan tahay iyo in kale. Waad ku mahadsan tahay Google , waxaad sidoo kale raadin kartaa adeegyada isticmaala deked gaar ah waqti yar gudahood.

Ka hel Dekadaha Furan ee Daaqadaha^{(Find Open Ports In Windows)}

Hadda oo aan helnay dhammaan aqoonta aasaasiga ah ee ku saabsan dekedaha TCP iyo UDP , waa waqtigii aad hoos ugu dhigi lahayd habka lagu ogaanayo dekedaha furan oo lagu isticmaalo kombiyuutarkaaga.

Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah in Windows uu leeyahay amar faa'iido leh oo lagu dhex dhisay kaas oo ku tusi doona dekedaha hadda lagu isticmaalo kombuyuutarkaaga codsiyada iyo adeegyada kala duwan.

• Waxa ugu horreeya ee aad rabto inaad sameyso waa fur Start Menu oo raadi CMD.

• Hadda, midig-guji CMD oo Orod sida Maamule.^{(Run as Administrator.)}

• Iyada oo uu furan yahay Command Prompt, ku qor:

Netstat-ab

• Ha ka werwerin liis dheer oo macluumaad ah oo si ka dhakhso badan aad u akhrin karto. Waxaad si fudud u isticmaali kartaa CTRL+C iyo CTRL+V si aad u koobiyeyso oo aad ugu dhejiso macluumaadka Notepad ama tafatire kasta oo kale.
• Macluumaadka ku jira baakadaha waa magaca barnaamijka isticmaalaya dekedda. TCP ama UDP waxaa loola jeedaa borotokoolka lagu isticmaalo dekeddaas. Nambarku wuxuu ka kooban yahay ciwaanka IP ka dibna lambarka dekedda ka dib xiidanka.

Sawirka Dekadaha Xiran^{(Scanning For Blocked Ports)}

Taasi waxay daryeelaysaa helitaanka dekedaha la isticmaalayo iyo codsiga, laakiin ma noo sheegayso dekedaha ay si firfircoon u xannibayaan Windows Firewall .

• Mar labaad, furo Menu-ka Start^{(Start Menu)} oo raadi CMD.
• Midig ku dhufo CMD oo Orod sidii Maamule.^{(Run as Administrator.)}
• Iyada oo uu furan yahay Command Prompt, ku qor:

netsh firewall show gobolka^{(netsh firewall show state)}

Kani waa soo bandhigida dekedo xiran iyo kuwa furan sida ku qoran qaabeynta Windows Firewall kaaga .

Waxaad arki doontaa qoraal ku saabsan amarkan la joojiyay, laakiin taliska cusub nama tuso macluumaadka aan rabno. Haddaba adeegsiga amarka 'show state' wali waa habka ugu dhaqsaha badan uguna fudud ee lagu heli karo macluumaadka dekedda.

Sababtoo ah Windows Firewall ma xannibayo deked, taasi macnaheedu maaha router-kaaga ama ISP- gaagu maahan. Markaa waxa ugu dambeeya ee aan rabno inaan sameyno waa inaan hubinno haddii xannibaad dibedda ah ay dhacayso.

• Fur Menu-ga Bilowga oo raadi CMD.
• Hadda, midig-guji CMD oo Orod sida Maamule.^{(Run as Administrator.)}
• Iyada oo uu furan yahay Command Prompt, ku qor:

netstat -ano | findstr -i SYN_SENT

Haddii aadan helin wax hits ah oo liiska ku jira, markaa waxba lama xannibay. Haddii dekedaha qaar lagu taxay, waxay la macno tahay in la xannibay. Haddii deked aysan xirin Windows ay ka muuqato halkan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad hubiso routerkaaga ama aad u dirto iimaylka ISP kaaga , haddii u beddelashada deked kale aysan ahayn ikhtiyaar.

Apps faa'iido leh oo lagu sawirayo heerka dekeddaada^{(Useful Apps To Map Out Your Port Status)}

Iyadoo Baahida Talada^{(Command Prompt)} ay tahay qalab degdeg ah oo wasakh ah oo wanaagsan, waxaa jira codsiyo badan oo dhinac saddexaad ah oo la safeeyey kuwaas oo kaa caawin kara inaad hesho sawirka qaabeynta dekeddaada. Labadan halkan lagu muujiyey waa uun tusaaleyaal caan ah.

SolarWinds Free Port Scanner

SolarWinds waxay u baahan tahay inaad soo gudbiso magacaaga iyo faahfaahinta si aad u soo dejiso, laakiin adiga ayay kugu xidhan tahay inaad geliso xogtaada dhabta ah foomka iyo haddii kale. Waxaan isku daynay dhowr qalab oo bilaash ah ka hor inta aan la dejin SolarWinds , laakiin waxay ahayd aaladda kaliya ee labadooduba si sax ah uga shaqeeyay Windows 10 oo lahaa interface fudud. 

Waxay sidoo kale ahayd midda kaliya ee aan kicin calanka fayraska beenta ah. Mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ugu waaweyn ee software-ka iskaanka dekedda ayaa ah in shirkadaha ammaanku ay u arkaan inay yihiin malware. Markaa isticmaaleyaasha intooda badani waxay iska indhatiraan digniin kasta oo fayras ah oo la socota aaladahaas. Taasi waa dhibaato sababtoo ah ma kala saari kartid farqi u dhexeeya fayraska beenta ah iyo fayraska dhabta ah ee ku jira appskan. 

SolarWinds waxaa laga yaabaa inay la timaado qaar ka mid ah xargaha, laakiin dhab ahaantii waxay u shaqeysaa sidii la xayeysiiyay waana fududahay in la isticmaalo.

Aniga ma ii jeeddaa^{(CanYouSeeMe)(CanYouSeeMe)}

Tani waa, sida aad u badan tahay inaad sheegi karto, adeeg degel halkii codsi. Waa dekeddii ugu horreysay ee wacnaaneed si loo eego haddii xogta dibadda laga soo geli karo dekedda degaankaaga iyo in kale. Waxay si otomaatig ah u ogaanaysaa ciwaankaaga IP-ga oo waxa kaliya ee aad samaynaysaa waa inaad caddayso dekedda aad tijaabinayso. 

Waxay markaa kuu sheegi doontaa haddii dekeddu ay xanniban tahay iyo in kale, markaas waa inaad ogaataa in xannibaadda ay ku taal kombiyuutarka, router ama heerka adeeg bixiyaha.

Gabagabo

Isticmaalayaasha intooda badan, dekedu maaha wax aad u baahan tahay inaad ka walwasho. Waxaa maamula nidaamkaaga hawlgalka, codsiyada iyo qalabka shabakada 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka ay arrimuhu qaldamaan, waxaa wanaagsan in aad haysato qalabka gacanta ku haya oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad hesho dekedo furan si aad u daawato dhaqdhaqaaqyada shakiga leh ama aad ogaato halka saxda ah ee macluumaadkaaga qaaliga ah uu ku garaacayo gidaarka lebenka ah.

How to Find Open and Blocked TCP/UDP Ports

Τhere’s a good chance you’ve happened upon this article becausе an application you’re trying to run is complaіning about a “port” being blocked or you’νe read about how leaving certain “ports” open on your network can be a security рroblem. 

Either way, by the end of this piece you’ll not only know what these ports everyone is going on about are, but how to check your computer to find open or closed ports.

What Is a Network Port?

The first thing you should know is that the ports we’re referring to here are virtual. It has nothing to do with the physical network hardware ports on your router, TV, consoles or computers. Ports are simply a way for your network hardware and software to organize information traffic. 

Think of reserved lanes on a road. The sidewalk is for pedestrians. There might be a dedicated bike lane. Carpool vehicles and buses have their own lanes too. Ports serve the same function. One port might be used for receiving emails, while another carries file transfer requests, or website traffic. 

There are two common types of ports, which need a brief explanation before we move on to checking which ports on your system are open and which aren’t.

What Are TCP & UDP Ports?

The two common types of ports on modern networks are known as TCP and UDP ports. That is Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol respectively. So these two port types use different network protocols.

Which you can think of as distinctive sets of rules for how bits of information should be sent and received. Both port types are built on the fundamental Internet Protocol (IP) that makes the internet and home networks, well, work. However, they are suitable for different applications.

The big difference is that when you send information over UDP, the sender doesn’t first have to establish a connection with the receiver before starting the conversation. It’s a bit like sending a letter. You don’t know if the other person received your message and you have no guarantee that you’ll get any feedback.

TCP, on the other hand, is more like making a phone call. The receiver has to “pick up” the connection and there’s a back-and-forth flow of information until someone deliberately hangs up.

UDP messages are generally broadcast over a network to anyone who is listening on the specified UDP port. This makes it perfect for housekeeping type messages that relate to running the network itself. It’s also perfect for voice-over-IP streaming, online video games and streaming broadcasts. 

Why? These applications benefit from UDP’s low latency and constant stream of information that doesn’t have to be perfect to be useful. A little corruption in your Skype chat is far less important than low amounts of lag, after all.

TCP is much more common than UDP and absolutely makes sure that all data is received free from errors. Just about everything that doesn’t need the specific advantages of UDP, uses TCP instead.

Which Ports Are Usually Open By Default?

There are a LOT of ports. A port number can be anything from 0 to 65535! That doesn’t mean any application can just pick any port. There are established standards and ranges, which helps us make sense of the noise.

Ports 0-1023 are associated with some of the most important and fundamental network services. This makes sense, since the lower-numbered ports were assigned first. The SMTP protocol for email, for example, is exclusively used by port 25.

Ports 1024-49151 are known as “registered ports” and are assigned to important common services such as OpenVPN on port 1194 or Microsoft SQL on ports 1433 and 1434.

The rest of the port numbers are known as “dynamic” or “private” ports. These ports aren’t reserved and anyone can use them on a network to support a particular service. The only problem crops up when two or more services on the same network are using the same port.

While it’s impossible to list every single important port, these common ports are useful to know by heart:

• 20 – FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• 22 – Secure Shell (SSH)
• 25 – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• 53 –  Domain Name System (DNS)
• 80 – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• 110 – Post Office Protocol (POP3)
• 143 – Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
• 443 –  HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

Since there are so many thousands of common port numbers, the easiest approach is to remember the ranges. Which will tell you if a given port is reserved or not. Thanks to Google, you can also look up which services use a specific port in no time at all.

Find Open Ports In Windows

Now that we’ve got all the basic knowledge about TCP and UDP ports out of the way, it’s time to get down to the process of finding which ports are open and in use on your computer.

The good news is that Windows has a pretty useful command built into it that will show you what ports are currently being used on your computer by various applications and services.

• The first thing you want to do is open the Start Menu and search for CMD.

• Now, right-click on CMD and Run as Administrator.

• With the Command Prompt open, type:

Netstat -ab

• Don’t worry about a long list of info scrolling by faster than you can read it. You can simply use CTRL+C and CTRL+V to copy and paste the information into Notepad or any other text editor.
• The information in brackets is the name of the program that’s using the port. TCP or UDP refers to the protocol being used on that port. The number consists of an IP address and then the port number after the colon.

Scanning For Blocked Ports

That takes care of finding which ports are being used and by which application, but it doesn’t tell us which ports are being actively blocked by the Windows Firewall.

• Once again, open the Start Menu and search for CMD.
• Right-click on CMD and Run as Administrator.
• With the Command Prompt open, type:

netsh firewall show state

This is a display of blocked and open ports as per the configuration of your Windows Firewall.

You’ll see a note about this command being deprecated, but the new command doesn’t show us the information we want. So for now using the ‘show state’ command is still the fastest and easiest way to get port information.

Just because the Windows Firewall isn’t blocking a port, that doesn’t mean your router or ISP aren’t. So the last thing we want to do is check if any external blocking is happening.

• Open the Start Menu and search for CMD.
• Now, right-click on CMD and Run as Administrator.
• With the Command Prompt open, type:

netstat -ano | findstr -i SYN_SENT

If you don’t get any hits listed, then nothing is being blocked. If some ports are listed, it means they are being blocked. If a port not blocked by Windows shows up here, you may want to check your router or pop an email to your ISP, if switching to a different port isn’t an option.

Useful Apps To Map Out Your Port Status

While the Command Prompt is a good quick and dirty tool, there are more refined third-party applications that can help you get a picture of your port configuration. The two highlighted here are just popular examples.

SolarWinds Free Port Scanner

SolarWinds requires that you submit your name and details in order to download it, but it’s up to you whether you put your real information into the form or not. We tried several free tools before settling on SolarWinds, but it was the only tool that both worked properly under Windows 10 and had an easy interface. 

It was also the only one not to trigger a false positive virus flag. One of the big problems with port scanning software is that security companies tend to see them as malware. So most users ignore any virus warning that come with such tools. That’s a problem because you can’t tell the difference between a false positive and a real virus in these apps. 

SolarWinds might come with some strings attached, but it actually works as advertised and is easy to use.

CanYouSeeMe

This is, as you can probably tell, a website service rather than an application. It’s a good first port of call to see if external data can get through your local port or not. It auto-detects your IP address and all you have to do is specify which port to test. 

It will then tell you if the port is blocked or not and you’ll then have to figure out whether the blockage is on the computer, router or at the service provider level.

Conclusion

For most users, ports aren’t something you need to worry about. They are managed by your operating system, applications and network hardware. 

When things go wrong however, it’s good to have the tool in hand that let you find open ports to sniff out suspicious activity or figure out where exactly your precious information is hitting a brick wall.

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