Waxaad isticmaali kartaa nidaamka soo kabashada si aad u xalliso inta badan dhibaatooyinkaaga kombiyuutarka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira waqtiyo aad u baahan doonto inaad arrimahan oo kale wax uga qabato hab gacanta ah, sida, tusaale ahaan, marka kombayutarka Windows^(Windows) -kaagu aanu bootin doonin. Xaaladahan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa qalab lagu magacaabo Bootrec.exe . Waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad xalliso oo aad hagaajiso waxyaabaha ay ka midka yihiin rikoorka boot boot ( MBR ), qaybta boot ama dukaanka isku xidhka Bootka (BCD) . ^{(Boot Configuration Data (BCD))}Waa kan sida ay u shaqeyso, dhammaan noocyada casriga ah ee Windows:

FIIRO GAAR AH:^(NOTE:) Hagahan wuxuu daboolayaa Windows 10 , Windows 7 iyo Windows 8.1 .

Bootrec.exe - Qalabka dayactirka ugu dambeeya ee dhibaatooyinka boot ee Windows

Dhib ma leh haddii aad isticmaasho Windows 7 ama Windows 10 , haddii nidaamkaaga hawlgalka ay dhibaato ka haysato bootinta iyo dayactirka^{(Startup Repair)} bilawga ah ma hagaajin karo dhibaatada, waxaa habboon in la isku dayo qalabka Bootrec.exe . Qalabkan waxaad ku hagaajin kartaa Diiwaanka Bootka Master-ka (MBR)^{(Master Boot Record (MBR))} , qor qaybta boot cusub, dib u dhiska Xogta Habaynta Bootka (BCD)^{(Boot Configuration Data (BCD))} oo waxaad ku dari kartaa rakibaadda maqan ee Windows xogta qaabeynta boot.

Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato micnaha kuwan oo dhan, halkan waxaa ah sharraxaad mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah:

• Diiwaanka Boot Master (MBR)^{(Master Boot Record (MBR))} - qaybta koowaad ee nidaamkaaga wadista. Ujeeddadeedu waa in loo sheego BIOS -ka kombiyuutarka meesha laga raadinayo nidaamka hawlgalka, si uu u bilaabo.
• Qeybta Boot^(Boot) - gobolka diskka oo ka kooban koodka lagu shubayo xusuusta RAM , taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah in lagu shubo nidaamka hawlgalka. Qaybta bootku waa inay lahaataa saxeex saxan gaar ah oo ay BIOS ugu aragto qaybta kabaha. Haddii saxiixan la kharribmo, ama la beddelo, BIOS ma awoodo inay hesho qaybta boot oo ma awoodi doonto inay ku shubto tilmaamaha lagama maarmaanka u ah raadinta iyo bilaabista nidaamka hawlgalka. Gudaha Windows 7 iyo noocyada cusub ee ^{(Windows 7)}Windows , qaybta bootku waxay ku shubtaa Maareeyaha Bootka Windows^{(Windows Boot Manager)} , waxay gelaysaa Xogta Isku xidhka Boot^{(Boot Configuration Data)} waxayna isticmaashaa macluumaadkan si ay ugu shubto nidaamka hawlgalka
• Xogta Habaynta Bootka (BCD)^{(Boot Configuration Data (BCD))} - BCD waa kaydka xogta habaynta wakhtiga boot-ka kaas oo uu isticmaalo Maareeyaha Bootka Windows^{(Windows Boot Manager)} . Xogta Isku xidhka Bootka^{(Boot Configuration Data)} waxa lagu kaydiyaa faylka xogta kaas oo leh qaab la mid ah Diiwaanka Windows^{(Windows Registry)} .

Sida loo bilaabo Command Prompt marka Windows si guul leh u soo degi doonin

Si aad awood ugu yeelatid isticmaalka Bootrec.exe , waa inaad isticmaashaa Command Prompt . Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ah waxaad horeyba u haysataa arrimo bilawga ah, way iska caddahay inaadan awoodin inaad si fudud uga socodsiiso Windows .

Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho saxanka dayactirka ama dib u soo kabashada kaas oo lagu abuuray kombuyuutarka Windows ee shaqeeya . Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah hagayaasha kaa caawin doona inaad abuurto discs/drives:

• Waa maxay saxanka dayactirka nidaamka iyo sida loo abuuro mid gudaha Windows^{(What is a system repair disc and how to create one in Windows)} - hagahan waxa uu khuseeyaa dhammaan noocyada casriga ah ee Windows . Isticmaalayaasha Windows^(Windows) 7 waxay isticmaali karaan habkan kaliya haddii ay rabaan inay fursad u helaan inay hagaajiyaan kombiyuutarka. Saxanka dayactirku wuxuu noqon karaa CD ama DVD oo wata dhammaan faylasha lagama maarmaanka u ah cilad-saarka nidaamkaaga
• Sida loo sameeyo dib u soo kabashada gudaha Windows 10 - baro sida loo sameeyo usha xusuusta ^{(How to create a recovery drive in Windows 10)}USB bootable oo ay la socdaan qalabka soo kabashada ee Windows 10 .
• Sida loo sameeyo dib u soo kabashada usha xusuusta USB ee Windows 8 & 8.1^{(How to create a recovery drive on a USB memory stick in Windows 8 & 8.1)} - hagahani wuxuu faa'iido u leeyahay isticmaalayaasha Windows 8 oo keliya.

Marka aad hesho dib u soo kabashada drive/disk, ka bilow. Si taas loo sameeyo, ku xidh oo billow kombayutarkaga ama aaladda Windows . Isla markiiba ka dib marka ay bilowdo, riix furaha xulashada qalabka boot ee kumbuyuutarkaaga. Badanaa waa F12 , F11 ama furaha baxsadka^(Escape) , laakiin waxay noqon kartaa mid kale sidoo kale, taas oo ku xidhan soo saaraha sabuuradaha guud ee qalabkaaga. Haddii taas la sameeyo waxay ka dhigi doontaa kombuyuutarkaaga inuu muujiyo liiska xulashada mudnaanta boot. Isticmaal furayaasha fallaadha ee kiiboodhka si aad u dooratid darawalka soo kabashada. Dabadeed, taabo Gelida^(Enter) oo, marka lagu weydiiyo inaad taabto fure kasta si aad u kabsato darawalkaas, samee.

Haddii aad isticmaalayso Windows 10 ama Windows 8.1 , marka kombayutarkaagu kabo USB-ga^(USB) , waxaa lagu waydiin doonaa inaad doorato qaabka kiiboodhka aad rabto inaad isticmaasho. Marka tani dhacdo, dhagsii ama taabo qaabka u dhigma kiiboodhkaaga. Si aad u dhex marato dhammaan jaantusyada kiiboodhka ee la heli karo, taabo "Fiiri qaabaynta kiiboodhka oo badan"^{("See more keyboard layouts")} .

Liiska luqadaha kiiboodhka la heli karo aad buu u dheer yahay waxaana laga yaabaa inaad wax badan u rogto ilaa aad ka hesho qaabka aad rabto inaad isticmaasho. Shaashada xigta, waa in aad gujisaa ama ku dhufataa Cilad-bixinta (Dib u deji kombuyutarkaga ama arag doorashooyin horumarsan)^{(Troubleshoot (Reset your PC or see advanced options))} .

Shaashadda Sare^{(Advanced options)} , guji ama taabo Command Prompt .

Haddii aad isticmaalayso Windows 7 , marka hore, dooro habka gelinta kiiboodhka ee aad rabto inaad isticmaasho oo guji Next .

Kadib, waxay baari doontaa rakibaadaha Windows ee diyaarka ah waxayna taxdaa kuwa la helay. Dooro rakibaadda Windows 7 ee aad rabto inaad dayactirto oo guji Next .

Kadib, marka liiska la heli karo ee Nidaamka Soo-kabashada Options^{(System Recovery Options)} la wadaago, guji Command Prompt .

Marka aad bilowdo Command Prompt , ku qor amarka bootrec.exe oo ku dhufo Gelida^(Enter) si aad u aragto fursadaha u diyaarsan qalabkan. Sida aad ku arki karto sawirka hoose, waxaa jira afar qaybood oo diyaar ah: /FixMbr, /FixBoot, /ScanOs iyo /RebuildBcd .

Aan aragno sida mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah uu kaa caawin karo inaad xalliso mashaakilaadka boot-ka ee kombiyuutarkaaga. Maskaxda ku hay in kastoo, xitaa haddii qalabka Bootrec.exe uu xamili karo inta badan dhibaatooyinka boot, ma dammaanad qaadayso guusha xaalad kasta oo suurtagal ah.

Sida loo dayactiro Diiwaanka Bootka Master^{(Master Boot Record)} -ka ( MBR )

Halbeegga koowaad ee aaladda Bootrec.exe waa /FixMbr . Waxay u ogolaataa dib u hagaajinta kaydka Master Boot Record (MBR) ee xumaaday ama xumaaday . Caadiyan, waxaad isticmaali doontaa cabbirkan marka aad la kulanto mid ka mid ah fariimahan qaladka ah: "Lama helin Nidaamka Operating"^{("Operating System not found")} , "Error loading system operating system"^{("Error loading operating system")} , "Nidaamka hawlgalka ee maqan"^{("Missing operating system")} ama "Miiska qaybinta aan sax ahayn"^{("Invalid partition table")} . Si aad u bilowdo habka dayactirka ee MBR , ku ordi amarka: bootrec.exe /fixmbr .

Sida loo qoro qaybta kabaha cusub

Halbeegga /FixBoot wuxuu u qoraa qaybta boot cusub qaybta nidaamka. Qalabku wuxuu isticmaali doonaa qayb boot ah oo ku habboon nooca Windows -kaaga . Isticmaalka cabbirkan ayaa faa'iido u leh xaaladaha soo socda:

• Qaybta kabaha waxaa lagu bedelay qaybta kabaha Windows ee aan caadiga ahayn ;
• Qaybta kabaha ayaa dhaawacday;
• Nidaamkii hore ee Windows ayaa la rakibay ka dib markii noocaaga Windows la rakibay.

Si aad u bilowdo qorista qayb cusub, isticmaal amarkan: bootrec.exe /fixboot .

Sida dib loogu dhiso Xogta Isku xidhka Bootka^{(Boot Configuration Data)} ( BCD )

Xogta Isku xidhka Bootka (BCD)^{(Boot Configuration Data (BCD))} waxay ka kooban tahay liis faahfaahsan oo ah waxa la rabo in lagu shubo bilowga. Microsoft waxay muujinaysaa in qaladka boot uu sidoo kale sababi karo faylalka maqan ama dhaawacmay ee BCD . Halbeegga /rebuildbcd aad bay faa'iido u yeelan kartaa marka ay tahay inaad hagaajiso khaladaadka qaar adigoo si buuxda dib u dhis ugu samaynaya BCD . Si aad si buuxda dib ugu dhisto Xogta Isku xidhka Bootka^{(Boot Configuration Data)} , socodsii amarkan: bootrec.exe /rebuildbcd .

Sida loogu daro rakibaadaha maqan ee Windows xogta isku ^(Windows)xidhka Bootka^{(Boot Configuration Data)}

Haddii kombuyuutarku leeyahay habab badan oo hawlgal ah oo lagu rakibay laakiin aan dhammaantood la heli karin, isticmaal ikhtiyaarka /ScanOS . Isticmaalka halbeeggaan Bootrec.exe wuxuu bilaabayaa iskaanka dhammaan saxanadaha ku rakibida Windows kasta ee aan hadda ku jirin Xogta Isku xidhka Bootka (BCD)^{(Boot Configuration Data (BCD))} . Sawirka hoose, waxaad arki kartaa sida habkan iskaanka u ekaan karo.

Haddii amarka bootrec.exe /scanos soo celiyo natiijooyinka, waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad sii wadato habka dayactirka. Dhamaadka, waxaad dib ugu heli doontaa rakibaadda Windows ee luntay miiska ^(Windows)BCD ee sugan , sidaas darteed mar kale ka dhigaysa mid la kicin karo.

Ugu horreyntii^(First) , waa inaad nadiifisaa Diiwaanka Bootka Master-ka (MBR)^{(Master Boot Record (MBR))} adoo isticmaalaya bootrec /fixmbr . Marka xigta, ku qor bootsect.exe /nt60 all /force oo tabo Gelida^(Enter) . Halbeegga/nt60 wuxuu quseeyaa koodhka boot-ka ee ku habboon BOOTMGR . /all waxay cusboonaysiisaa koodhka boot boot ee dhammaan qaybaha. Halbeegga xoogga /xoogga ayaa si qasab ah u dejinaya mugga (yada) inta lagu jiro cusbooneysiinta code boot si aaladda Bootsect.exe^{(Bootsect.exe)} aysan u helin mug gaar ah.

Ku socodsiinta dhammaan amarradan waxay abuuri doonaan MBR cusub waxayna u sheegi doonaan inay isticmaalaan bootloader-ka saxda ah ee Windows si aad uga soo dejiso rakibaaddaas gaarka ah darawalkaaga.

Gabagabo

Sida aad ka heli karto hagahan, Bootrec.exe waa qalab aad u awood badan oo loogu talagalay cilad-saarka iyo hagaajinta dhibaatooyinka diiwaanka boot ee kombiyuutarkaaga Windows . Haddii aad taqaano siyaabo kale oo aad ku xalliso arrimaha diiwaannadaada boot, ha ka waaban inaad la wadaagto faallo.

How to use the Command Prompt to fix issues with your PC's boot records

You can use system recovery tools to fix most of your comрυter problems. Howevеr, there are times when you'll need to address such issues in a manual way, like, for example, when your Windows compυtеr won't boot. In these cases, you can use a tool named Bootrec.exe. It can help you troubleshoot and repair things like the master boot record (MBR), the boot sector or the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) store. Here's how it works, in all modern versions of Windows:

NOTE: This guide covers Windows 10, Windows 7 and Windows 8.1.

Bootrec.exe - The ultimate repair tool for boot problems in Windows

No matter whether you use Windows 7 or Windows 10, if your operating system has trouble booting and Startup Repair can't fix the problem, it's worth trying the Bootrec.exe tool. With this tool you can repair the Master Boot Record (MBR), write a new boot sector, rebuild the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) and add missing Windows installations to the boot configuration data.

If you need to know what all these mean, here's an explanation for each of them:

• Master Boot Record (MBR) - the first sector of your system drive. Its purpose is to tell the computer's BIOS where to look for the operating system, so that it can start it.
• Boot sector - the region of the disk that contains the code to be loaded into the RAM memory, that is necessary to load the operating system. A boot sector must have a specific disk signature to be seen by BIOS as a boot sector. If this signature is corrupted, or has been changed, the BIOS will not be able to find the boot sector and won't be able to load the necessary instructions for finding and starting the operating system. In Windows 7 and newever versions of Windows, the boot sector loads the Windows Boot Manager, accesses the Boot Configuration Data and uses this information to load the operating system
• Boot Configuration Data (BCD) - The BCD is a database of boot-time configuration data that is used by the Windows Boot Manager. The Boot Configuration Data is stored in a data file that has the same format as the Windows Registry.

How to start the Command Prompt when Windows won't load successfully

In order to be able to use Bootrec.exe, you'll have to use Command Prompt. However, because you already have startup issues, it's obvious that you won't be able to simply run it from Windows.

You need to use a repair disc or a recovery drive that was created on a working Windows computer. Here are some guides that will help you create such discs/drives:

• What is a system repair disc and how to create one in Windows - this guide applies to all modern versions of Windows. Windows 7 users can only use this method if they want to have a chance at repairing the computer. The repair disc can be a CD or DVD with all the necessary files for troubleshooting your system
• How to create a recovery drive in Windows 10 - learn how to create a bootable USB memory stick with recovery tools for Windows 10.
• How to create a recovery drive on a USB memory stick in Windows 8 & 8.1 - this guide is useful for Windows 8 users only.

Once you have recovery drive/disc created, boot from it. In order to do that, plug it in and start your Windows computer or device. Immediately after it starts, press the boot device selection key on your keyboard. It's usually the F12, F11 or the Escape key, but it could be another as well, depending on the manufacturer of your device's mainboard. Doing that will make your computer display a boot priority selection menu. Use the arrow keys on the keyboard to select the recovery drive. Then, press Enter and, when asked to press any key to boot from that drive, do so.

If you are using Windows 10 or Windows 8.1, once your PC boots from the USB drive, you will be asked to choose the keyboard layout that you want to use. When this happens, click or tap on the layout that matches your keyboard. To navigate between all the available keyboard layouts, press "See more keyboard layouts".

The list of available keyboard languages is quite long and you may have to scroll a lot until you find the layout that you want to use. On the next screen, you should click or tap on Troubleshoot (Reset your PC or see advanced options).

On the Advanced options screen, click or tap on Command Prompt.

If you are using Windows 7, first, select the keyboard input method that you want to use and click Next.

Then, it scans for available Windows installations and lists those that are found. Select the Windows 7 installation that you want to repair and click Next.

Then, when the list of available System Recovery Options are shared, click Command Prompt.

Once you've launched the Command Prompt, type the command bootrec.exe and hit Enter to see the options that are available for this tool. As you can see in the screenshot below, there are four parameters available: /FixMbr, /FixBoot, /ScanOs and /RebuildBcd.

Let's see how each of them can help you solve your computer's boot problems. Keep in mind though, that even if the Bootrec.exe tool can handle most boot problems, it does not guarantee success in every possible situation.

How to repair the Master Boot Record (MBR)

The first parameter of the Bootrec.exe tool is /FixMbr. It allows the repair of a corrupted or damaged Master Boot Record (MBR). Usually, you will use this parameter when you are faced with one of these error messages: "Operating System not found", "Error loading operating system", "Missing operating system" or "Invalid partition table". To start the repair process of the MBR, run the command: bootrec.exe /fixmbr.

How to write a new boot sector

The /FixBoot parameter writes a new boot sector to the system partition. The tool will use a boot sector that is compatible with your Windows version. Using this parameter is useful in the following situations:

• The boot sector has been replaced with a non-standard Windows boot sector;
• The boot sector is damaged;
• An earlier Windows operating system has been installed after your version of Windows was installed.

To start writing a new boot sector, use this command: bootrec.exe /fixboot.

How to rebuild the Boot Configuration Data (BCD)

The Boot Configuration Data (BCD) contains a detailed list of what is supposed to load at startup. Microsoft indicates that a boot error can also be caused by missing or damaged files in the BCD. The /rebuildbcd parameter can be very useful when you must fix some errors by completely rebuilding the BCD. To completely rebuild the Boot Configuration Data, run this command: bootrec.exe /rebuildbcd.

How to add missing Windows installations to the Boot Configuration Data

If your computer has multiple operating systems installed but not all of them are available, use the /ScanOS option. Using this parameter on Bootrec.exe will launch a scan on all disks for any Windows installations that are not currently included in the Boot Configuration Data (BCD). In the screenshot below, you can see how this scan process might look.

If the bootrec.exe /scanos command returns results, you will be able to continue the repair process. In the end, you will get the lost Windows installation back into the secure BCD table, thus making it bootable again.

First of all, you have to clean the Master Boot Record (MBR) by using bootrec /fixmbr. Next, type bootsect.exe /nt60 all /force and press Enter. The /nt60 parameter applies the master boot code that is compatible with BOOTMGR. The /all argument updates the master boot code on all partitions. The /force parameter forcibly dismounts the volume(s) during the boot code update so that the Bootsect.exe tool does not gain exclusive volume access.

Running all these commands will create a new MBR and tell it to use the correct Windows boot loader in order to load that specific installation from your drive.

Conclusion

As you can from this guide, Bootrec.exe is a very powerful tool for troubleshooting and fixing problems with your Windows computer's boot records. If you know other ways to fix issues with your boot records, don't hesitate to share them in a comment.

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