In kasta oo macOS ay bixiso menu-fudud-si fudud loo isticmaali karo oo loogu talagalay jaangooyooyinka shabakadaada ee menu-ka Xulashada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences)} , barnaamijka Terminalku^(Terminal) waa meesha aad u baahan tahay inaad joogtid haddii aad rabto inaad si dhakhso leh u baadho ama u tijaabiso macluumaadka ku saabsan qaabeynta shabakadaada. Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa si aad u hesho ciwaanka IP-gaga, aad u hesho goobtaada, u hubiso nidaamka dab-darka, iyo in ka badan.

Dejinta shabakadaada waxaa lagu geli karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaar ka mid ah amarada terminalka caadiga ah kuwaas oo, inta badan, u baahan qaabayn aad u yar si loo isticmaalo. Waxaan wali kugula talineynaa inaad isticmaashid nidaamka Dookhyada Nidaamka^{(System Preferences)} qaabeynta (haddii aadan ku faraxsanayn isticmaalka terminalka), laakiin aqoonsiga goobaha shabakadaada terminalka Mac waa sahlan tahay.^(Mac)

Isticmaalka shabakad dejineed^{(Using networksetup)}

Qalabka networksetup wuxuu ku siinayaa macluumaad aad u tiro badan qaabeynta shabakadaada Mac ee hadda ^(Mac)Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa si aad u hesho magaca kombiyuutarkaaga, ciwaanka IP-ga, shabakadda WiFi ee hadda , iyo in ka badan. Sida magacu soo jeediyo, waxaad sidoo kale u isticmaali kartaa inaad beddesho goobaha, laakiin waxaan wali kugula talineynaa isticmaalka Nidaamka ^(System) Dookhyada^{(Preferences)} si tan loo sameeyo.

Waxaad arki kartaa liis buuxa oo ah amarrada shabakada Mac -macaanka ee suurtogalka ah adiga oo isticmaalaya qalabka networksetup adiga oo ku qoraya networksetup -help ee terminalka. Tani waxay soo bandhigi doontaa liiska caawinta, oo wata tusaalayaal kala duwan oo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo qalabka si loo eego oo loo beddelo goobaha shabakadaha kala duwan.

Tusaalooyinka amarrada shabakadaha^{(networksetup)} aad isticmaali karto si aad u aragto macluumaadka shabakada waxaa ka mid ah:

• Si aad u aragto magaca kombiyuutarkaaga Mac: networksetup -getcomputername .
• Si aad u taxdo dhammaan isku xidhka shabakada Mac : networksetup -listallhardwareports
• Si loo muujiyo shabakada WiFi ee hadda jirta, ee ku xidhan : networksetup -getairportname deviceid . Ku beddel aaladda aqoonsiga aaladda laga soo bilaabo networksetup -listallhardwareports amarka^(deviceid) .

Isticmaalka ipconfig^{(Using ipconfig)}

Qalabka ipconfig waa mid caadi u ah kombiyuutarada Windows^(Windows) iyo macOS laakiin, si ka duwan nooca Windows , maahan qalabka ugu faa'iidada badan ee beddelka goobaha shabakada. Halka ay faa'iido u yeelan karto, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa liiska macluumaadka qaabeynta shabakadaada hadda. 

Ku qorista ipconfig^(ipconfig) ee terminaalka waxay liis gareyn doontaa dhammaan amarrada la heli karo, laakiin kuwan waxaa ka mid ah:

• Si aad u aragto ciwaanka IP-ga ee shabakadaada hadda: ipconfig getifaddr deviceid. Ku beddel aaladda aqoonsiga aaladda^(en0) shabakadda ee saxda ah (tus. en0^{( deviceid)} ). Nooca networksetup -listallhardwareports haddii aadan tan garanayn.
•  Si aad u aragto server-kaaga DNS ee hadda : ipconfig getoption deviceid domain_name_server (^(deviceid) ku beddelashada aaladda aqoonsiga aaladdaada shabakadda).

Isticmaalka ifconfig^{(Using ifconfig)}

Amarka ifconfig waa aalad kale oo qaabeynta shabakad ay heli karaan isticmaalayaasha macOS iyo Linux PCs . Si ka duwan^(Unlike) ipconfig, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ifconfig waa qalab aad u awood badan oo loogu talagalay daawashada iyo wax ka beddelka goobaha shabakadaada.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaad u baahan tahay oo kaliya inaad ku qorto ifconfig^{( ifconfig)} at terminalka si aad u aragto liis faahfaahsan oo macluumaadka dhammaan aaladaha shabakadda ee ku xiran ama lagu daray Mac kaaga . Taas waxaa ku jira cinwaannada IP iyo MAC , heerka aaladda hadda, iyo in ka badan.

Waxaad ku arki kartaa macluumaad gaar ah adiga oo taxaya aqoonsiga aaladda (tusaale, ifconfig en0 ).

Isticmaalka ping^{(Using ping)}

Inkastoo aadan u isticmaali karin si aad u aragto macluumaad kasta oo shabakad ah, waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka ping si aad u tijaabiso inaad la xiriiri karto qalab shabakad kale iyo in kale. Waxay noqon kartaa aalad ku taal shabakadaada (tusaale ahaan, routerkaaga) ama barta internetka ama cinwaanka IP-ga si loo tijaabiyo isku xidhkaaga internetka.

Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad u isticmaasho ping sida qalab cilad-saar mar kasta oo qalabkaagu u muuqdo inuu dhibaato ka haysto ku xidhidhiyaha qalab kale ee shabakada degaankaaga, ama aalad ama degel internet ka ah. Waxay tusi doontaa wakhtiga lagu qaatay in macluumaadka la diro oo la soo celiyo waxayna socon doontaa si joogto ah ilaa aad go'aansato inaad joojiso.

Si aad u isticmaasho, ku qor ciwaanka ping^{(ping address)} , adoo ku bedelaya ciwaanka^(address) IP-ga ama magac domain. Bartilmaameedka caadiga ah ee imtixaanku waa google.com -haddii aadan ku dhufan karin Google , waxay u badan tahay inaadan lahayn isku xirnaanta internetka.

Sidoo kale, ping 192.168.1.1 waxay tijaabin doontaa ciwaanka IP-ga ee shabakado badan oo maxalli ah (192.168.1.1).

Isticmaalka netstat^{(Using netstat)}

Qalabka netstat waxa uu taxayaa macluumaadka ku saabsan xidhiidhada hadda soo galaya iyo kuwa baxaya. Xidhiidh kasta oo lagu sameeyo Mac -gaaga ayaa lagu qori karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabkan. Kumbuyuutarrada Windows^(Windows) iyo Linux^{(Linux PCs)} sidoo kale waxay isticmaalaan netstat, laakiin waxaa jira kala duwanaansho, oo leh calamo kala duwan oo la heli karo isticmaalayaasha Mac .

Waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo aad u isticmaali karto netstat si aad u aragto goobaha shabakada hadda ama isku xirka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• Liistada hadda ee dhammaan isku xirka intarneedka firfircoon: netstat
• Si aad u aragto xogta isku xidhka interneedka: netstat -l^{(netstat -l deviceid)} deviceid , ku badala Deviceid magaca interneedka shabakadaada (tusaale netstat -l en0 ).
• Si aad u aragto miiska dajinta IP: netstat -nr ama netstat -r
• Si loo muujiyo dhammaan tirakoobyada shabakada: netstat -s iyo netstat -i

Si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loo isticmaalo amarka netstat iyo si aad u caawiso qeexidda qaar ka mid ah ereyada farsamada adag, ku qor man netstat si aad u aragto oo aad u akhrido bogga netstat man.

Isticmaalka lsof^{(Using lsof)}

Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa amarka lsof si aad u aragto habab kasta oo socda ee Mac gaaga oo leh isku xirka shabakada firfircoon. Tani waxay beddeshay shaqeyntii la midka ahayd ee aad ka heli lahayd amarka netstat ee kumbuyuutarrada Windows ama Linux.

Waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo aad u isticmaali karto amarka terminal lsof Mac si aad u aragto xogta shabakada. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• Si aad u aragto dhammaan isku xirka shabakada furan: lsof -i
• Si aad u aragto waxa software isticmaalaya waxa dekedaha: lsof -n -i4TCP

Wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah, ku qor man lsof si aad u aragto bogga man ee amarka lsof.

Isticmaalka arp^{(Using arp)}

Haddii aad rabto inaad aragto liiska dhammaan aaladaha firfircoon ee shabakada deegaanka, waxaad isticmaali kartaa arp aalada. Tani waxay liis gareyn doontaa ciwaannada IP iyo MAC ee qalab kasta oo uu Macagu^(Mac) ka helay shabakadaada, iyadoo lagu salaynayo ARP ( Address Resolution Protocol ) baahinta aaladahaas ay sameeyeen.

Ku qorista arp -a^{(arp -a)} ee terminaalka waxay ku siin doontaa liiska qalabkan. 

Waxaad markaa isku dari kartaa macluumaadka halkan laga helay iyo amarrada kale sida ping si loo go'aamiyo in qalabkaas weli shaqeynayo iyo in kale lagala xiriiri karo Mac kaaga .

Dejinta Dejinta Shabakadaada Mac^{(Configuring Your Mac Network Settings)}

Iyada oo la eegayo goobaha shabakadaada terminal ee Mac adoo isticmaalaya qalabkan, waxaad aqoonsan kartaa goobaha aad door bidayso (ama u baahan tahay) inaad bedesho. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad ku shubto ciwaanka MAC^{(spoof a MAC address)} -gaaga Mac si aad uga gudubto shaandhaynta cinwaanka MAC^{(bypass MAC address filtering)} ee shabakadda WiFi martida.

Waxa kale oo ay kaa caawin kartaa in aad ogaato dhibaatooyinka, gaar ahaan haddii aad Mac hoos xiriir WiFi si joogto ah^{(Mac drops its WiFi connection regularly)} . Haddii Mac -gaagu uu qabo arrimo, apps sida OnyX ee Mac^{(OnyX for Mac)} ayaa kaa caawin kara inaad si degdeg ah u soo kabsato oo aad u shaqeyso.

How to Use Mac Terminal to Identify Network Settings

While macOS offers an easy-to-use menu for your network settings іn the System Preferences menu, the Terminal app is where you need to be if you want to quickly lookup or test information about your network configuration. You can use it to find your IP address, find your location, check your system firewall, and morе.

Your network settings can be accessed using some common terminal commands that, for the most part, require very little configuration to use. We still recommend you use the System Preferences app for configuration (unless you’re happy using the terminal), but identifying your Mac terminal network settings is easy.

Using networksetup

The networksetup tool offers an enormous amount of information on your current Mac network configuration. You can use it to find your computer name, IP address, current WiFi network, and more. As the name suggests, you can also use it to change settings, but we’d still recommend using System Preferences to do this.

You can view a full list of potential Mac terminal network commands using the networksetup tool by typing networksetup -help at the terminal. This will display the help list, with various examples of how to use the tool to view and change different network settings.

Examples of networksetup commands you can use to view network information include:

• To view your Mac computer name: networksetup -getcomputername.
• To list all Mac network connections: networksetup -listallhardwareports
• To display the current, connected WiFi network: networksetup -getairportname deviceid. Replace deviceid with a device ID from the networksetup -listallhardwareports command.

Using ipconfig

The ipconfig tool is common to Windows and macOS computers but, unlike the Windows version, it isn’t the most useful tool for changing network settings. Where it can be useful, however, is listing information on your current network configuration. 

Typing ipconfig at the terminal will list all available commands, but these include:

• To view your current network IP address: ipconfig getifaddr deviceid. Replace deviceid with the correct network device id (eg. en0). Type networksetup -listallhardwareports if you don’t know this.
•  To view your current network DNS server: ipconfig getoption deviceid domain_name_server (replacing deviceid with your network device id).

Using ifconfig

The ifconfig command is another network configuration tool available to users on macOS and Linux PCs. Unlike ipconfig, however, ifconfig is a much more powerful tool for viewing and modifying your network settings.

However, you only need to type ifconfig at the terminal to view a detailed list of information for all of the network devices connected or integrated into your Mac. That includes IP and MAC addresses, current device status, and more.

You can view specific information by listing the device id (for example, ifconfig en0) instead.

Using ping

While you can’t use it to view any network information, you can use the ping command to test whether or not you can make contact with another network device. It could be a device on your network (for instance, your network router) or a website domain or internet IP address to test your internet connectivity.

You’ll want to use ping as a troubleshooting tool whenever your device seems to be having issues with connecting to another device on your local network, or a device or website on the internet. It will show the time taken for information to be sent and returned and will run continuously until you decide to end it.

To use it, type ping address, replacing address with an IP address or domain name. A common target for testing is google.com—if you can’t hit Google, you probably don’t have internet connectivity.

Likewise, ping 192.168.1.1 will test the IP address for many local network routers (192.168.1.1).

Using netstat

The netstat tool lists information on your current incoming and outgoing network connections. Any connections made to your Mac can be listed using this tool. Windows and Linux PCs also use netstat, but there are some differences, with different available flags to Mac users.

There are several ways you can use netstat to view current network settings or connections. These include:

• For a current list of all active internet connections: netstat
• To view connection data for an interface: netstat -l deviceid, replacing deviceid with your network interface name (eg. netstat -l en0).
• To view the IP routing table: netstat -nr or netstat -r
• To show all network statistics: netstat -s and netstat -i

For more information on how to use the netstat command and to help decipher some of the complex technical terminologies, type man netstat to view and read through the included netstat man page.

Using lsof

You can use the lsof command as a way to view any running processes on your Mac that have active network connections. This replaces similar functionality that you’d find with the netstat command on Windows or Linux PCs.

There are several ways you can use the lsof Mac terminal command to view network data. These include:

• To view all open network connections: lsof -i
• To view what software is using what ports: lsof -n -i4TCP

For more information, type man lsof to view the man page for the lsof command.

Using arp

If you want to view a list of all active devices on a local network, you could use the arp tool. This will list the IP and MAC addresses for any devices that your Mac has detected on your network, based on the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) broadcasts those devices have made.

Typing arp -a at the terminal will provide you with a list of these devices. 

You could then combine the information found here with other commands like ping to determine whether or not those devices are still active and can be communicated with from your Mac.

Configuring Your Mac Network Settings

With your Mac terminal network settings in view using these tools, you can identify the settings you may prefer to (or need to) change. For instance, you may need to spoof a MAC address on your Mac to bypass MAC address filtering on a guest WiFi network.

It can also help you identify problems, especially if your Mac drops its WiFi connection regularly. If your Mac is having issues, apps like OnyX for Mac can help you get back up and running quickly.

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