Maxaad u doonaysaa inaad ogaato sida loo xannibo mareegaha? Ma laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad carruurtaada ku ilaaliso badbaadada internetka^{(keep your kids safe on the Internet)} ? Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad xannibto mareegaha mashquuliya si aadan dib u dhigin^{(block distracting websites so you don’t procrastinate)} ? Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xannibo goobaha raadraaca ee ku dhex jira xayaysiisyada. 

Sabab kasta ha ahaatee, waxaad si fudud u xannibi kartaa boggaga internetka Windows 10 adigoo isticmaalaya wax la yiraahdo faylka martida loo yahay.

Qoraalka hoose wuxuu heli karaa xoogaa farsamo, gaar ahaan haddii aadan waligaa gelin nuts iyo boodhadhka faylalka nidaamka Windows . Haddii aad rabto dulmar degdeg ah, hubi inaad hubiso marka hore fiidyahayaga gaaban oo sahlan in la raaco YouTube^{(YouTube video)} .

Waa maxay faylka martida loo yahay?^{(What Is The Hosts File?)}

Ma maqashay ereyga DNS ( Domain Name System )? Waxa ay tilmaamaysaa nidaamka faylalka lagu qaybiyey agagaarka internetka^(Internet) kaas oo gacan ka geysta xallinta magacyada domain sida helpdeskgeek.com ciwaanka dhabta ah ee Internet Protocol (IP) kaas oo dhacaya 13.225.198.106 . Taasi waxay kaa caawinaysaa kombuyuutarkaaga inuu ogaado server-ka aad la hadasho marka aad rabto inaad aragto boggan.

Kahor intaanay DNS soo galin 1984kii, tan waxaa lagu sameeyay fayl maxalli ah oo kombayutarkaaga ah oo la yiraahdo faylka martida loo yahay. Waagaas kombayutarada^(Back) laguma xidhin kombiyuutaro kale oo badan. Ugu badnaan, waxa laga yaabaa in aanu ku xidhnay dhawr darsin. Way fududahay in dhammaan macluumaadkaas lagu kaydiyo faylka qoraalka hore ee cad. Faylka martida loo yahay wuu jiraa maanta. 

Sidee buu u shaqeeyaa Hawl-galiyayaasha?^{(How Does The Hosts File Work?)}

Faylka martida loo yahay wuxuu u oggolaanayaa kombuyuutarku inuu raadiyo magacyo kale oo kombuyuutar ah, sida localhost , ama magacyada domain, sida helpdeskgeek.com iyo lambarka IP ee iyaga ayaa ku habboon magaca faylka. Waxa ay la mid tahay sida magacyada asxaabtaada loogu xidhidhiyo lambarada telefoonadooda ee talefankaaga. Uma baahnid inaad xasuusato ama feerto lambarka, kaliya raadi magaca qofka.

Kahor intaanan sii gudbin waxaa muhiim ah in aan fahanno in qaar ka mid ah ciwaanada IP-yada loo qoondeeyay isticmaalka gudaha. Taas macneheedu waxa weeye in loo isticmaali karo oo kaliya in lagu tilmaamo kombayutarkaga iyo qalabka ku jira shabakadaada dhow. Taas macnaheedu waa wax kasta ka hor inta aan isgaarsiinkaaga ku xirmin internetka^(Internet) .

Tusaale ahaan, ciwaanka IP-ga 127.0.0.1 had iyo jeer macnahiisu waa kumbiyuutarka aad ku shaqaynayso, sidoo kale loo yaqaan localhost . Isku day inaad taas ku qorto biraawsarkaaga shabakada Waxay u badan tahay inay soo saari doonto bog maran.

Sidoo kale fahan in www.website.com iyo website.com aysan ahayn wax la mid ah. Si ay labadooduba noo geeyaan isku degel labaduba waa inay ku xalliyaan isla cinwaanka IP-ga. 

Xayiraadda Shabakadda Faylka Martigeliyayaasha^{(Blocking Websites With The Hosts File)}

1. Fur notepad ka maamule^{(Administrator)} ahaan .

1. Guji File > Fur^(Open) . 

1. U gudub C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc

1. Markaad halkaas tagto, ka beddel nooca faylka laga bilaabo Text Documents (*.txt) una beddel All Files (*.*) .

1. Hadda waxaad arki kartaa faylka martida loo yahay. ^(hosts)Furo.

1. Aad xariiqda ugu dambeysa ee bogga oo ku dar xariiqdaada. Aynu nidhaahno waanu xidhaynaa Facebook .

Geli localhost IP ee 127.0.0.1 . Riix furaha tab oo geli facebook.com . Riix Gelida^{(Press Enter)} si aad u aado xariiqda xigta. Samee khad labaad sida kan kore, laakiin isticmaal www.facebook.com halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd facebook.com kaliya. 

Ma La Xiray Websaydhku?^{(Is The Website Blocked?)} 

Fur deg degga amarka oo ordi ping facebook.com ka dibna ku orod ping www.facebook.com . Waa in aad aragto in ciwaanka IP-ga ee ay isku dayayso in ay ping ka tahay 127.0.0.1.

Hadda fur biraawsarkaaga shabakada oo gal facebook.com. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay weli soo rarto! Waa maxay sababtu? IP-ga dhabta ah ee Facebook ayaa laga yaabaa inuu wali ku dhex fadhiyo kaydiyaha browserka oo browserku wuxuu isticmaali doonaa IP-kaas marka hore. Tirtir kaydiyaha biraawsarkaaga^{(Delete your browser’s cache)} oo isku day mar labaad Facebook . Hadda waa inaad aragto bog khalad ah.

Ma rabo inaan arko bog khalad ah^{(I Don’t Want to See an Error Page)}

Waxaad isku dayi kartaa inaad u wareejiso goobta ciwaan kale oo IP ah, laakiin maalmahan taasi si fiican uma shaqayn doonto. Si xaasidnimo leh u tafatiritaanka faylka martida loo yahay waxay ahaan jirtay weerar caadi ah oo ay geystaan ​​haakarisku. Hadda, daalacashada shabakadu waxay si taxadar leh u hubiyaan shahaadooyinka si ay taas uga hortagaan. Laakiin, wali waad isku dayi kartaa.

Siyaabo kale oo aan loo arki karin bogga qaladka waa in la rakibo oo la dejiyo server-ka kombuyuutarkaaga^{(install and set up a web server on your computer)} oo aad hayso faylka martida loo yahay taas. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay muujiso bog leh, "ku soo noqo shaqada!" ama ku taxdaa qaar ka mid ah yoolalkaaga dhiirigelinta inaad ka fogaato warbaahinta bulshada.

Maxaa kale oo aan ku samayn karaa File Hosts?^{(What Else Can I Do With The Hosts File?)}

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa isla farsamada laakiin ku dheji URL^(URLs) -yada malware-ka kala duwan iyo goobaha xayeysiinta. Waxa jira faylal horudhac ^(pre)ah oo ^(--)la sameeyay oo ah malware-ka iyo goobaha xayeysiinta^{(made hosts file of malware and ad sites)} oo aad koobi karto oo aad ku dhejin karto faylka martida loo yahay. Sida tan la qorayo, waxa la cusboonaysiiyay Maarj^(March) , 2020.

How To Block Websites On Windows Using The Hosts File

Why would you want to know how to block websites? Maybe you want to keep your kids safe on the Internet? Maybe you want to block distracting websites so you don’t procrastinate? It can also be used to block tracking sites that are embedded in ads. 

Whatever your reason, you can simply block websites on Windows 10 using something called the hosts file.

The text below can get a bit technical, especially if you have never gotten into the nuts and bolts of Windows system files. If you want a quick overview, be sure to check out our short and easy to follow YouTube video first.

What Is The Hosts File?

Have you heard the term DNS (Domain Name System)? It refers to a system of files distributed around the Internet that help resolve domain names like helpdeskgeek.com into its actual Internet Protocol (IP) address which happens to be 13.225.198.106. That helps your computer know what server to talk to when you want to view this site.

Before DNS came into being in 1984, this was done through a local file on your computer called the hosts file. Back then computers weren’t connected to many other computers. At most, we may have connected to a few dozen. It was easy to keep all that information in a plain old text file. The host file lives on today. 

How Does The Hosts File Work?

The hosts file allows the computer to look up other computer names, like localhost, or domain names, like helpdeskgeek.com and the IP number for them is right beside the name in the file. It’s a bit like how your friends’ names are associated with their phone numbers in your phone. You don’t need to remember or punch in the number, just find the person’s name.

Before we go further it’s important to understand that some IP addresses are reserved for local use. That means that they can only be used to point to your computer and devices within your immediate network. That means anything before your communication connects to the Internet.

For example, the IP address 127.0.0.1 always means the computer you’re working on, also known as localhost. Try typing that in your web browser. It will likely bring up a blank page.

Also understand that www.website.com and website.com are not the exact same thing. For both of them to take us to the same website both must resolve to the same IP address. 

Blocking Websites With The Hosts File

1. Open Notepad as Administrator.

1. Click on File > Open. 

1. Navigate to C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc

1. Once there, change file type from Text Documents (*.txt) to All Files (*.*).

1. Now you can see the hosts file. Open it.

1. Go to the last line of the page and add your own line. Let’s say we’re blocking Facebook.

Enter the localhost IP of 127.0.0.1. Press the tab key and enter facebook.com. Press Enter to go to the next line. Create a second line like the one above, but use www.facebook.com instead of just facebook.com. 

Is The Website Blocked? 

Open the command prompt and run ping facebook.com then run ping www.facebook.com. You should see that the IP address it’s trying to ping is 127.0.0.1.

Now open your web browser and go to facebook.com. It might still load! Why? Facebook’s real IP may still be sitting in the browser cache and the browser will use that IP first. Delete your browser’s cache and try Facebook again. You should now see an error page.

I Don’t Want to See an Error Page

You could try redirecting the site to another IP address, but these days that won’t work well. Maliciously editing the hosts file used to be a common attack by hackers. Now, web browsers check carefully for certificates to prevent this. But, you can still try.

Another way to not see an error page is to install and set up a web server on your computer and have the hosts file point to that. Maybe have it display a page that says, “Get back to work!” or lists some of your goals as motivation to stay off social media.

What Else Can I Do With The Hosts File?

You can use the same technique but paste in the URLs of various malware and tracking ad sites. There is a pre--made hosts file of malware and ad sites that you can copy and paste into your hosts file. As of writing this, it was last updated in March, 2020.

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