Haddii aad la shaqaynayso xogta MySQL^{(MySQL database)} , markaa waxaad horayba uga warqabtay caqabadaha kaa hor imanaya ilaalinta xogtaada mid sugan. Laga soo bilaabo isku dayga jabsiga xogta ee la isticmaalayo irbado SQL si xoog loo weeraro, way adagtahay in la ilaaliyo xogtaada, gaar ahaan haddii aad meel fog ka shaqaynayso database.

Waxaa jira siyaabo lagu habeeyo server-ka SQL si loo oggolaado isku-xirnaanta fog, laakiin waxaad u baahan tahay inaad taxaddar muujiso, maadaama u oggolaanshaha isku-xirnaanta fog ee server-ka MySQL waxay ka dhigi kartaa xogtaada bartilmaameed sahlan oo loogu talagalay hackers. Haddii aad rabto inaad u oggolaato isku xirka aaminka ah, fogaanta xogta MySQL , waa kuwan waxaad u baahan doonto inaad ogaato.

Inta aanad bilaabin^{(Before You Begin)}

Kahor intaadan wax isbeddel ah ku samayn xogtaada MySQL , waxaa muhiim ah inaad kaydiso xogtaada^{(backup your database)} , gaar ahaan haddii aad ka shaqaynayso server-ka wax soo saarka (server si firfircoon loo isticmaalo). Isbeddel kasta oo aad ku samayso kaydka xogtaada, ama server-ka martigelinaya, waxay keeni kartaa lumis xog halis ah haddii ay wax qaldamaan.

Waxa kale oo aad ogaan kartaa in isbeddelada ku yimaada isku xirka serfarkaaga ay kaa hor istaagi karaan inaad gasho ka dib. Haddii tani dhacdo, waxaad u baahan kartaa inaad la tashato maamulaha serverka si aad u hesho taageero dheeraad ah. Fikrad wanaagsan ayaa ah inaad tijaabiso isbeddel kasta oo ku yimaada server-ka MySQL ee maxalli ah si aad u hubiso haddii isbeddeladaadu shaqeeyaan ka hor intaadan isku dayin meel fog.

Waxa kale oo ay u badan tahay in haddii aad isbeddel ku samaynayso server-ka fog, aad u baahan doonto hab nabdoon oo aad ku xidhidhdo oo aad isbeddel ku samayso. SSH (Secure Shell) inta badan waa habka ugu wanaagsan ee tan lagu sameeyo, maadaama ay kuu ogolaato inaad ku xidho server-kaaga fog. Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa SSH si aad ugu xidho server-yada shabakada degaankaaga, sida kuwa lagu hayo Raspberry Pi^{(hosted on a Raspberry Pi)} .

Hagahan ayaa ku hogaamin doona talaabooyinka habaynta MySQL si loogu ogolaado isku xidhka fog, laakiin waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad hubiso inaad si toos ah ama fog u galiso serferka martigelinaya serverka MySQL marka hore.

Ka soo qaad^(Suppose) inaadan marin fog u lahayn server-kaaga SSH (tusaale ahaan). Xaaladdaas, ma awoodi doontid inaad habayso xogta MySQL si aad u oggolaato xidhiidhada fog si toos ah ilaa koontada mySQL ee xididku ay hore u ogolaato isku-xirno fog. Markaa, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad samayso xidhiidhkan marka hore ka hor intaadan sii wadin.

Tafatirka faylkaaga qaabaynta MySQL^{(Editing Your MySQL Configuration File)}

Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee habaynta MySQL si loogu oggolaado isku-xirnaanta fog waa in la beddelo faylka qaabeynta MySQL . Marxaladdan, hagahan waxa uu u qaadan doonaa in aad mar hore ku xidhatay server-ka, PC, ama Mac oo meel fog ku martigelinaya xogtaada mySQL oo aad marin u leedahay konsole. 

Haddii kale, waxaad u habeyn kartaa server MySQL ah adiga oo isticmaalaya terminalka furan ee Mac ama Linux ama tifaftiraha qoraalka ee Windows .

1. Si aad u bilowdo, isticmaal tifaftiraha qoraalka konsole ee aad doorbidayso si aad u saxdo faylkaaga xogta MySQL . Linux , ku qor sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf gudaha terminal ama daaqada SSH si aad u saxdo faylkan adoo isticmaalaya tifaftiraha ^(SSH)nano (iyadoo loo maleynayo in MySQL database uu ku yaal goobta caadiga ah) . 

1. Haddii aad ku shaqaynayso Windows , fur File Explorer oo gal gal galka uu ku jiro rakibaada MySQL (tusaale. C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0 ). Fur faylka my.ini adiga oo isticmaalaya tifaftiraha qoraalka caadiga ah (tusaale. Notepad ) adiga oo laba jeer gujinaya gelitaanka Haddii aysan jirin, samee faylka marka hore^{(create the file first)} .

1. On Mac , fur daaqad terminal oo ku qor sudo nano /usr/local/etc/my.cnf . Kani waa faylka qaabeynta caadiga ah ee MySQL haddii aad ku rakibtay MySQL adoo isticmaalaya homebrew^{(using homebrew)} .

Goobaha sare lagu tilmamaay waa meelaha ugu talagalka ah ee faylasha qaabeynta MySQL . Haddii amarradani shaqayn waayaan, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad raadiso faylasha khuseeya ( my.cnf , mysqld.cnf , ama my.ini ) si aad u heshid dariiqa faylka ku habboon.

Dejinta Ciwaanka-Bind-Cinwaanka Badbaadada ah ee Range^{(Setting a Safe Bind-Address IP Range)}

1. Markaad furto faylka qaabeynta MySQL ee server-kaaga, isticmaal furaha fallaadhaaga kiiboodhka si aad u gaadho qaybta ^(MySQL)xidhidhiyaha^{(bind-address)} ee faylka. Kala duwanaanshahan IP-ga ayaa xaddidaya isku xirka xogtaada, kaas oo sida caadiga ah loo dejiyay inuu oggolaado oo keliya xidhiidhada mishiinka ama serverka deegaanka ee isticmaalaya 127.0.0.1 .

1. Haddii aad rabto inaad habayso xogtaada MySQL si aad ugu oggolaato xidhiidhada aaladaha isticmaalaya xidhiidhkaaga internet-ka ee hadda, hel cinwaankaaga guud ee IP^{(find your public IP address)} marka hore, ka dibna ku beddel 127.0.0.1 ciwaanka IP-gaas. Haddii kale, ku beddel ciwaanka IP-ga ee aaladda ama server-ka aad rabto inaad u oggolaato xidhiidhada.

1. Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad u ogolaato dhammaan^(all) xidhiidhada fog ee xogta MySQL . Tani waxay xanbaarsan tahay khatar aad u daran^{(extreme risk)} mana aha in lagu isticmaalo serfarka wax soo saarka. Haddii aad rabto inaad tan ogolaato, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku beddel 127.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 .

1. Xusuusnow qiimaha dekedda ee qaybta ^{(port )}Settings aasaasiga^{(Basic Settings)} ah. Tan waxaa looga baahan doonaa qaybta xigta. Haddii aysan muuqan, qiimaha caadiga ah ayaa la isticmaali doonaa, kaas oo ah dekedda 3306 . Waxaad ku dari kartaa deked adiga kuu gaar ah adigoo ku qoraya port = xxxx khad cusub, adigoo ku bedelaya xxxx qiimo deked ku haboon.

1. Markaad dejiso bind-cinwaanka^{(bind-address )} faylka qaabeynta MySQL , kaydi faylka. Haddii aad ku jirto Linux , dooro Ctrl + O iyo Ctrl + X si tan loo sameeyo. On Mac, dooro Command + O iyo Command + X . Isticmaalayaasha Windows waxay wax badbaadin karaan iyagoo dooranaya File ^(Save)>^{(File )} Keyd .

1. Marka xigta, isticmaalayaasha Linux iyo Mac waxay dib u bilaabi karaan MySQL iyagoo ku qoraya mysql.server stop && mysql.server start ama mysql.server dib u bilow^{(mysql.server restart)} . Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad sare u qaaddo amarka adoo isticmaalaya sudo^{(using sudo)} (tusaale sudo mysql.server dib u bilaabay^{(sudo mysql.server restart)} ) oo isticmaal dariiqa ku haboon faylka mysql.server ( /usr/local/bin/mysql.server ).

1.  Haddii amarka kore aanu shaqayn, isku day sudo service mysql^{(sudo service mysql restart )} beddelkeeda.

1. Si aad dib ugu bilowdo MySQL gudaha Windows , fur daaqad cusub oo PowerShell ah adiga oo midigta gujinaya Start menu oo dooranaya Windows PowerShell (Admin) . Daaqadda PowerShell, ku qor net stop mysql80 oo ay ku xigto net start mysql80 , ku beddel mysql80 magaca adeega saxda ah ee kombayutarkaga.

Haddii aadan hubin magaca adeegga saxda ah ee Windows , ku qor net start si aad u hesho. Haddii aadan dib u soo dejin karin qaabeyntaada, dib u bilow server-kaaga oo dib ugu soo deji MySQL gacanta (haddii loo baahdo) beddelkeeda.

Habaynta Dab-damiskaaga^{(Configuring Your Firewalls)}

Marxaladdan, xogtaada MySQL waa inay u oggolaataa xiriirinta fog ee aaladaha isticmaalaya ciwaanka IP-ga ee aad u dejisay sida qiimaha bind-cinwaanka^{(bind-address)} ee faylka qaabeynta MySQL (ama dhammaan aaladaha haddii aad qiimahan u dejiso 0.0.0.0^(0.0.0.0) beddelkeeda). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xidhiidhada weli waa la xannibi doonaa qalabkaaga ama firewall network^{(device or network firewall)} .

Inta badan server-yada iyo kombuyuutarrada waxay isticmaalaan firewall si ay u xannibaan isku xirka ilaa gelitaanka deked gaar ah mooyee. Tillaabooyinka lagu habeynayo tan way kala duwanaan doonaan, iyadoo ku xiran haddii aad ku shaqeyso MySQL Windows ama Linux . Dab-damiska Mac^(Mac) si caadi ah ayey u naafo yihiin, markaa uma baahnid inaad halkan ku dhammaystirto tillaabooyin dheeraad ah.

Habee Linux Firewalls^{(Configure Linux Firewalls)}

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah server-yada Linux waxay isticmaalaan iptables sida utility-ga dab-damiska. Waxaad u habayn kartaa adiga oo raacaya tillaabooyinka hoose.

1. Fur terminal ama isku xirka SSH oo ku qor ^(SSH)sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s XXXX -dport YYYY -j AQBAL^{(sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s X.X.X.X –dport YYYY -j ACCEPT)} . Ku beddel XXXX ciwaanka IP-ga ee aaladda aad rabto inaad ka oggolaato isku xirka MySQL , oo^(from) ku beddel YYYY qiimaha dekedda ku habboon ee faylka qaabeynta MySQL (tus. 3306 ).

1. Tani waxay habayn doontaa firewall-ka si ku meel gaar ah. Haddii aad isticmaalayso server- ka Linux ee Debian ama Ubuntu , ka dhig isbedelkan mid waara adiga oo ku qoraya sudo netfilter-sistent save^{(sudo netfilter-persistent save)} and sudo netfilter-resstent reload galka^{(sudo netfilter-persistent reload )} terminalka ama daaqada SSH.

Haddii iptables aysan ahayn aaladda dab-damiska ee qaybinta Linux , waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad la tashato buug-gacmeedka isticmaale ee qaybinta wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah. Haddii xirmooyinka qaarkood (sida netfilter-persistent ) aan la heli karin, isticmaal agabka kaydinta software-ka qaybintaada si aad ugu rakibto (tusaale sudo apt install netfilter-persistent ).

Habee Windows Firewalls^{(Configure Windows Firewalls)}

Haddii aad isticmaalayso Windows PC ama server si aad u martigeliso xogtaada, waxaad u habayn kartaa firewall kaaga adigoo isticmaalaya tillaabooyinkan:

1. Midig ku dhufo^{(Right-click)} menu- ka Start oo dooro Run .

1. In sanduuqa Run , ku qor wf.msc oo dooro OK .

1. Daaqadda difaaca Windows, dooro Xeerarka gudaha ^{(Windows Defender)}>^{(Inbound Rules )} Xeer cusub^{(New Rule)} .

1. Daaqadda Wizard Rule^{(New Inbound Rule Wizard)} ee Cusub , dooro Dekedda^{(Port )} > Xiga^(Next) .

1. Liiska soo socda, ka dooro TCP xulashooyinka, ku qor 3306 (ama qiimaha deked kasta oo ku qoran faylka qaabeynta MySQL ), ka dibna dooro ^(MySQL)Next .

1. Meejka Action- ka, ka tag ikhtiyaarka caadiga ah si aad u oggolaato isku xidhka^{(Allow the connection)} , ka dibna dooro Next .

1. Xaqiiji in aad rabto in sharcigu ku dhaqmo dhammaan noocyada shabakadaha, ka dibna dooro Next . 

1. Ku qor magaca qeexan ee qaanuunka (tusaale MySQL ) dekedda lagu siiyay, ka dibna dooro dhame^(Finish) si aad ugu darto liiskaaga xeerarka dab-damiska.

Haddii ay dhibaato kaa haysato isku xidhka, ku celi tillaabooyinkan sare, adigoo hubinaya inaad abuurto xeer cusub oo dibadda^{(outbound rule )} ka baxaya goobaha dab-damiska adiga oo isticmaalaya isla faahfaahinta (dekedda 3306, iwm). Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad habayso routerkaaga deegaanka si aad u furto dekedaha xidhan ee lagama maarmaanka^{(open the necessary blocked ports)} u ah si ay ugu ogolaato xidhidh gudaha iyo dibadda ah ee xogtaada. 

Ku xidhida Server Fog Isticmaalka MySQL^{(Connecting to a Remote Server Using MySQL)}

Ka dib markii la habeeyo xogta MySQL si aad u oggolaato xidhiidhada fog, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad dhab ahaantii xiriir la sameyso. Waxaad taas ku samayn kartaa adiga oo isticmaalaya amarka mysql ( mysql.exe ee Windows ) ka daaqada terminal ama PowerShell .

Haddii aad ku shaqeyneyso Windows , waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad hubiso in MySQL lagu rakibay gudaha^{(MySQL is installed locally)} ka hor intaadan bilaabin. Isticmaalayaasha Mac^(Mac) waxay ku rakibi karaan MySQL iyagoo isticmaalaya homebrew^{(using homebrew)} laga soo bilaabo terminalka ( brew install mysql ), halka isticmaalayaasha Linux ay isticmaali karaan kaydinta app-ka maxalliga ah (tusaale sudo apt install mysql ) si ay u rakibaan xirmooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah.

Ku xidhida MySQL ee Linux ama Mac^{(Connecting to MySQL on Linux or Mac)}

1. Si aad ugu xidho server- kaaga fog ee MySQL ee ^(MySQL)Mac ama Linux , fur daaqad cusub oo terminal ah oo ku qor mysql-u username -h XXXX:XXXX-p . Ku beddel XXXX:XXXX oo ku beddel ciwaanka IP-ga ee fog ee server-kaaga iyo lambarka dekedda (tusaale. 100.200.100.200:3306 ) iyo magaca isticmaale^(username) ee MySQL.

1. Marka lagu weydiiyo, xaqiiji furahaaga Haddii xiriirku guuleysto, fariinta guusha ayaa ka soo muuqan doonta terminalka.

Ku xidhida MySQL ee Windows^{(Connecting to MySQL on Windows)}

1. Si aad ugu xidho server-ka fog ee MySQL ee ^(MySQL)Windows , fur daaqad cusub oo PowerShell ah adiga oo midigta gujinaya menu-ka Start oo dooranaya Windows PowerShell (Admin) .

1. Daaqadda cusub ee PowerShell, ku qor cd “C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Workbench 8.0\ ” si aad u geliso galka saxda ah, adigoo ku beddelaya tusahan hagaha rakibaadda saxda ah ee kombayutarkaga. Tusaale ahaan, haddii nooca MySQL yahay 8.0.1, isticmaal MySQL Workbench 8.0.1 galka beddelka.

1. Halkaas, ku qor .\mysql.exe -u username -h X.X.X.X:XXXX -p . Ku beddel XXXX:XXXX oo ku beddel cinwaankaaga IP-ga ee fog ee server-kaaga iyo lambarka dekedda (tusaale. 100.200.100.200:3306 ) iyo magaca isticmaale^(username) ee MySQL oo u oggolaanaya gelitaanka fog (sida xididka^(root) ). Raac^(Follow) tilmaamaha dheeraadka ah ee shaashadda.
2. Bixi eraygaaga sirta ah, marka lagu soo jeediyo, si aad u dhamaystirto habka gelida oo aad meel fog uga gasho xogtaada MySQL .

Haddii tani aysan shaqayn, ku xir server-ka ama PC-ga martigelinaya server-kaaga MySQL adoo isticmaalaya SSH (ama si toos ah u gal) adoo isticmaalaya tillaabooyinkan oo isticmaalaya doodda- h localhost . Markaa waxaad samayn kartaa akoon isticmaale oo kugu habboon adiga oo raacaya tillaabooyinka hoose.

Oggolaanshaha Isticmaalaha Fog ee Gelitaanka Xogta MySQL^{(Allowing Remote User Access to a MySQL Database)}

Halkaa marka ay marayso, waa in aad awood u yeelatid in aad ku xidho server-kaaga MySQL meel fog adoo isticmaalaya koontada isticmaalaha xididka ee server-kaaga ama akoon kale oo isticmaale leh oo leh mudnaanta sare. Maadaama heerkan gelitaankani aanu badbaado lahayn, waxa laga yaabaa inaad door bidayso inaad abuurto akoon ka xaddidan gelitaanka xogta MySQL .

Koontadan waxa ay yeelan doontaa galaangal xaddidan oo ah server-kaaga MySQL , taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay la falgasho xogaha la doortay oo keliya. Ma awoodi doonto inay samayso isbeddello halis ah, sida gelitaanka xogta kale ee xogta, abuurista akoonnada isticmaalaha cusub, iwm. 

Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad awood u yeelato inaad si fog u gasho server- kaaga MySQL . Haddii aadan isticmaali karin akoonkaaga xididka meel fog, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad gasho qolofka server-kaaga adoo isticmaalaya taliska mysql adoo isticmaalaya xiriir ^(mysql)SSH fog ama adoo si toos ah u galaya kombuyuutarka ama serverka martigeliyaha serverka.

1. Qolkaaga MySQL^(MySQL) ee fog (adoo isticmaalaya aaladda mysql ), ku qor CREATE USER “username”@”x.x.x.x” IDENTIFIED BY “password”; oo dooro Geli^(Enter) . Ku beddel isticmaale magaca^{(username )} isticmaale ee aad rabto inaad abuurto, xxxx ku beddel ciwaanka IP-ga ee aad doonayso inaad ku xidho, iyo furaha sirta^(password) ah ee ku habboon.

1. Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad siiso akoonkaaga cusub ogolaanshaha lagama maarmaanka ah. Si aad tan u samayso, ku qor GRANT ALL ON databasename.* TO username@”x.x.x.x”; oo ku beddel magaca database, username,^{(databasename, username, )} iyo xxxx  faahfaahinta saxda ah. Haddii aad rabto, ku beddel magaca database-^{(databasename)} ka * si aad u hesho dhammaan xogta macluumaadka. 

Helitaanka la oggolaaday, isticmaal tillaabooyinka qaybta sare si aad meel fog ugu xidho serverkaaga adiga oo isticmaalaya akoonkaaga cusub (tusaale mysql -u username -h XXXX:XXX-p^{(mysql -u username -h X.X.X.X:XXXX -p)} ).

Sugidda Xogtaada Xogta^{(Securing Your Database Data)}

Haddi aad la shaqaynayso MySQL ama nooc kale oo xogta SQL ah, waxa muhiim ah in aad xidhidhkaaga ilaaliso si aad u ilaaliso amaanka xogtaada. Habka ugu wanaagsan ee tan loo sameeyo waa in la dhaliyo furayaasha SSH si aad u hesho meel fog^{(generate SSH keys for remote access)} server-kaaga, halkii aad ku tiirsanaan lahayd furaha sirta ah ee duugoobay (oo si fudud loo qiyaasi karo).

Haddii aad ka welwelsan tahay luminta xogta, waxaad si fudud u kaydin kartaa xogtaada^{(back up your database)} internetka. Inta badan xog-ururinta waxa lagu maamulaa adeegayaasha Linux -waxaad si fudud u samayn kartaa kaydinta faylka Linux^{(automate a Linux file backup easily)} . Haddii aad MySQL ku shaqaynayso Windows , waxaad u samayn kartaa nidaam gurmad otomaatig ah oo la mid ah Windows^{(automatic backup system for Windows)} , kaasoo kuu oggolaanaya inaad soo celiso xogtaada xaalad degdeg ah.

How to Allow Remote Connections to MySQL

If you’rе working with a MySQL database, then you’re already aware of the challenges you face in keeping your database secure. From database hacking attempts using SQL injections to brute force attacks, it’s difficult to keep your data safe, especially if you’re working with a database remotely.

There are ways to configure an SQL server to allow remote connections, but you need to be careful, as allowing remote connections on a MySQL server can make your database an easy target for hackers. If you want to allow secure, remote connections to a MySQL database, here’s what you’ll need to know.

Before You Begin

Before you make any changes to your MySQL database, it’s important that you backup your database, especially if you’re working on a production server (a server in active use). Any changes you make to your database, or the server hosting it, could result in serious data loss if something goes wrong.

You may also find that changes to your server’s connections may prevent you from accessing it afterward. If this happens, you may need to consult with a server administrator for further support. A good idea is to trial any changes on a locally-run MySQL server to check if your changes work before trying them remotely.

It’s also likely that if you’re making changes to a remote server, you’ll need a safe way to connect and make changes. SSH (Secure Shell) is often the best way to do this, as it allows you to connect to your remote server. You can also use SSH to connect to servers on your local network, such as those hosted on a Raspberry Pi.

This guide will lead you through the steps to configuring MySQL to allow remote connections, but you’ll need to ensure you have direct or remote access to the server hosting your MySQL server first.

Suppose you don’t have remote access to your server via SSH (for example). In that case, you won’t be able to configure your MySQL database to allow remote connections directly unless your root mySQL account already allows remote connections. So, you will need to establish this connection first before you can proceed.

Editing Your MySQL Configuration File

The first step in configuring MySQL to allow remote connections is to edit your MySQL configuration file. By this stage, this guide will assume you have already connected to the server, PC, or Mac hosting your mySQL database remotely and have console access. 

Alternatively, you can configure a local MySQL server using an open terminal on Mac or Linux or a text editor on Windows.

1. To start, use your preferred console text editor to edit your MySQL database file. On Linux, type sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf into a terminal or SSH window to edit this file using the nano editor (assuming your MySQL database is in the default location). 

1. If you’re running Windows, open File Explorer and access the folder containing your MySQL installation (eg. C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 8.0). Open the my.ini file using your default text editor (eg. Notepad) by double-clicking the entry. If it isn’t there, create the file first.

1. On Mac, open a terminal window and type sudo nano /usr/local/etc/my.cnf. This is the default configuration file for MySQL if you’ve installed MySQL using homebrew.

The locations referenced above are the default locations for MySQL configuration files. If these commands don’t work, you’ll need to search for the relevant files (my.cnf, mysqld.cnf, or my.ini) manually to locate the relevant file path.

Setting a Safe Bind-Address IP Range

1. Once you’ve opened the MySQL configuration file for your server, use your keyboard’s arrow key to reach the bind-address section of the file. This IP range limits the connections to your database, which is typically set to only allow connections from the local machine or server using 127.0.0.1.

1. If you want to configure your MySQL database to allow connections from devices using your current internet connection, find your public IP address first, then replace 127.0.0.1 with that IP address. Alternatively, replace it with an IP address for the device or server you wish to allow connections from.

1. In some circumstances, you may wish to allow all remote connections to a MySQL database. This carries extreme risk and shouldn’t be used on a production server. If you want to allow this, however, replace 127.0.0.1 with 0.0.0.0.

1. Make note of the port value in the Basic Settings section. This will be required in the next section. If it isn’t visible, the default value will be used, which is port 3306. You can add your own port by typing port = xxxx on a new line, replacing xxxx with a suitable port value.

1. Once you’ve configured the bind-address in your MySQL configuration file, save the file. If you’re on Linux, select Ctrl + O and Ctrl + X to do this. On Mac, select Command + O and Command + X. Windows users can save by selecting File > Save.

1. Next, Linux and Mac users can restart MySQL by typing mysql.server stop && mysql.server start or mysql.server restart. You may need to elevate the command using sudo (eg. sudo mysql.server restart) and use the appropriate path to the mysql.server file (eg. /usr/local/bin/mysql.server).

1.  If the above command doesn’t work, try sudo service mysql restart instead.

1. To restart MySQL on Windows, open a new PowerShell window by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Windows PowerShell (Admin). In the PowerShell window, type net stop mysql80 followed by net start mysql80, replacing mysql80 with the correct service name on your PC.

If you’re unsure of the correct service name on Windows, type net start to find it. If you can’t reload your configuration, restart your server and reload MySQL manually (if necessary) instead.

Configuring Your Firewalls

At this stage, your MySQL database should allow remote connections from devices using the IP address you set as the bind-address value in your MySQL configuration file (or from all devices if you set this value to 0.0.0.0 instead). However, connections will still be blocked by your device or network firewall.

Most servers and PCs use a firewall to block connections unless access to a specific port is granted. The steps to configure this will vary, depending on whether you’re running MySQL on Windows or Linux. Mac firewalls are disabled by default, so you shouldn’t need to complete any additional steps here.

Configure Linux Firewalls

Many Linux servers use iptables as the default firewall utility. You can configure it by following the steps below.

1. Open a terminal or SSH connection and type sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s X.X.X.X –dport YYYY -j ACCEPT. Replace X.X.X.X with the IP address for the device you wish to allow MySQL connections from, and replace YYYY with the matching port value from your MySQL configuration file (eg. 3306).

1. This will configure the firewall temporarily. If you’re using a Debian or Ubuntu-based Linux server, make this change permanent by typing sudo netfilter-persistent save and sudo netfilter-persistent reload into the terminal or SSH window.

If iptables isn’t the default firewall tool for your Linux distribution, you’ll need to consult your distribution’s user manual for more information. If certain packages (such as netfilter-persistent) are unavailable, use your distribution’s software repository tool to install it (eg. sudo apt install netfilter-persistent).

Configure Windows Firewalls

If you’re using a Windows PC or server to host your database, you can configure your firewall using these steps:

1. Right-click the Start menu and select Run.

1. In the Run box, type wf.msc and select OK.

1. In the Windows Defender window, select Inbound Rules > New Rule.

1. In the New Inbound Rule Wizard window, select Port > Next.

1. At the next menu, select TCP from the options, type 3306 (or whichever port value is listed in your MySQL configuration file), then select Next.

1. At the Action menu, leave the default option to Allow the connection enabled, then select Next.

1. Confirm that you want the rule to apply to all network types, then select Next. 

1. Type a descriptive name for the rule (eg. MySQL) in the port provided, then select Finish to add it to your list of firewall rules.

If you have trouble connecting, repeat these steps above, making sure to create a new outbound rule in your firewall settings using the same details (port 3306, etc). You may also need to configure your local network router to open the necessary blocked ports to allow inbound and outbound connections to your database. 

Connecting to a Remote Server Using MySQL

After configuring your MySQL database to allow remote connections, you’ll need to actually establish a connection to it. You can do this using the mysql command (mysql.exe on Windows) from a terminal or PowerShell window.

If you’re running Windows, you will need to make sure that MySQL is installed locally before you begin. Mac users can install MySQL using homebrew from the terminal (brew install mysql), while Linux users can use their local app repository (eg. sudo apt install mysql) to install the necessary packages.

Connecting to MySQL on Linux or Mac

1. To connect to your remote MySQL server on Mac or Linux, open a new terminal window and type mysql -u username -h X.X.X.X:XXXX -p. Replace X.X.X.X:XXXX with your remote server IP address and port number (eg. 100.200.100.200:3306) and username with your MySQL username.

1. When prompted, confirm your password. If the connection is successful, a success message will appear in the terminal.

Connecting to MySQL on Windows

1. To connect to a remote MySQL server on Windows, open a new PowerShell window by right-clicking the Start menu and selecting Windows PowerShell (Admin).

1. In the new PowerShell window, type cd “C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Workbench 8.0\” to enter the correct folder, replacing this directory with the correct installation directory on your PC. For example, if your version of MySQL is 8.0.1, use the MySQL Workbench 8.0.1 folder instead.

1. From there, type .\mysql.exe -u username -h X.X.X.X:XXXX -p. Replace X.X.X.X:XXXX with your remote server IP address and port number (eg. 100.200.100.200:3306) and username with a MySQL username that allows remote access (such as root). Follow any additional on-screen instructions.
2. Provide your password, when prompted, to complete the sign-in process and access your MySQL database remotely.

If this doesn’t work, connect to the server or PC hosting your MySQL server using SSH (or access it directly) using these steps and using the -h localhost argument. You can then create a suitable user account by following the steps below.

Allowing Remote User Access to a MySQL Database

By this point, you should be able to connect to your MySQL server remotely using your server’s root user account or another user account with elevated privileges. As this level of access is unsafe, you may prefer to create a more restricted account for accessing your MySQL database.

This account will have limited access to your MySQL server, allowing it to interact with only selected databases. It won’t be able to make more serious changes, such as accessing other database data, creating new user accounts, etc. 

You’ll need to have the ability to sign into your MySQL server remotely. If you can’t use your root account remotely, you’ll need to access your server’s shell using the mysql command via a remote SSH connection or by directly accessing the PC or server hosting the server.

1. In your remote MySQL shell (using the mysql tool), type CREATE USER “username”@”x.x.x.x” IDENTIFIED BY “password”; and select Enter. Replace username with the username you wish to create, x.x.x.x with the IP address you wish to connect from, and password with a suitable password.

1. You’ll need to grant your new account with the necessary permissions. To do this, type GRANT ALL ON databasename.* TO username@”x.x.x.x”; and replace databasename, username, and x.x.x.x  with the correct details. If you wish to, replace databasename with * to grant it access to all databases. 

With access granted, use the steps in the section above to connect to your server remotely using your new account (eg. mysql -u username -h X.X.X.X:XXXX -p).

Securing Your Database Data

Whether you’re working with MySQL or another type of SQL database, it’s important to keep your connections secure to maintain your data security. A good way to do this is to generate SSH keys for remote access to your server, rather than relying on outdated (and easily guessable) passwords.

If you’re worried about data loss, you can easily back up your database online. Most databases are run using Linux servers—you can automate a Linux file backup easily. If you’re running MySQL on Windows, you can set up a similar automatic backup system for Windows, allowing you to restore your data in an emergency.

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