Way fududahay oo waa dhakhso badan tahay maalmahan in la sameeyo mashiinka farsamada gacanta ee Ubuntu , si aad ugula ciyaari karto Linux adigoon qaabayn nidaamkaaga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, si aad runtii uga faa'iidaysato mashiinka farsamada gacanta ee Ubuntu , miyay fiicnaan lahayd haddii martigeliyaha hawlgalka uu la falgalo martida? Taasi waa mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha aad ku samayn karto ku darida martida VirtualBox^{(VirtualBox Guest Additions)} , waxaanan ku tusi doonaa sida loo rakibo.

VirtualBox Lingo

Kahor intaanan galin hilibka iyo baradhada ee Ku- darka ^(Additions)Martida^(Guest) , waxaa jira dhowr fikradood oo aasaasi ah oo aad u baahan doonto inaad ogaato si aad macno u samayso. Haddii aad horeba si fiican u taqaannay luqadda mishiinnada farsamada gacanta, waxaad u boodi kartaa qaybta xigta, laakiin haddii kale, ku dhawaad ​​​​hal daqiiqo.

Waxaan horay u soo sheegnay labada fikradood ee ugu muhiimsan cutubka furitaanka: habka martida iyo martida.

Nidaamka hawlgalka martida loo yahay waa nidaamka hawlgalka dhabta ah ee ku shaqeeya mashiinka "birta qaawan". Taasi waa kumbuyuutarka dhabta ah ee dhabta ah. Ma jiraan wax u dhexeeya nidaamkaaga hawlgalka iyo qalabka kombiyuutarka.

Nidaamka martida, mashiinka farsamada, wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii codsi gudaha nidaamka hawlgalka martida loo yahay. Nidaamka martida "wuxuu u maleynayaa" inuu ku shaqeynayo kombuyuutar dhab ah, oo wuxuu arkayaa dhammaan "hardware" uu filayo, laakiin dhammaan waa la sawiray. 

Nakhshad ahaan, waxaa jira caqabad adag oo u dhaxaysa nidaamka martida iyo martida loo yahay. Taas waxaa ku jira dhammaan codsiyada ku socda nidaamka martida. Tani waa sababta, tusaale ahaan, ay badbaado u tahay in fayraska lagu tijaabiyo ama lagu sameeyo waxyaabo kale oo khatar ah mashiinka farsamada. Hagaag, ilaa iyo inta aanad lahayn xiriir shabakad VM firfircoon!

Maxaa Soo Kordhinta Martidu Samayn Kartaa?

Kordhinta Martidu waa, sida ^(Guest) magacu^(Additions) soo jeedinayo, software lagu daray nidaamka hawlgalka martida^{(guest )} si ay dhab ahaan u kasbato awoodo aad u xun oo aan mishiin dalwaddu lahayn. 

Dhammaan kaftanka dhinaceeda, ujeedada aasaasiga ah ee ku darista martida waa in lagu dhex daro mashiinka farsamada iyo nidaamka hawlgalka martida loo yahay iyada oo aan lumin faa'iidooyinka xannibaadda la taaban karo ee u dhexeeya labada. Markaad rakibto ku-darka, waxaad helaysaa sifooyin muhiim ah oo faa'iido leh:

• Saacadaha la isku daray ee u dhexeeya martigeliyaha iyo martida si ay had iyo jeer u muujiyaan waqti isku mid ah.
• Waxaad si xor ah u isticmaali kartaa tilmaame jiirka oo u dhexeeya martigeliyaha iyo martida iyada oo aan tilmaamuhu la qabsan.
• Faylasha la wadaago si ay u fududaato in si badbaado leh loogu wareejiyo faylasha inta u dhaxaysa martigeliyaha iyo martida.
• Waxaad si xor ah u cabbiri kartaa cabbirka mashiinka martida ee daaqadda, waxayna si firfircoon u hagaajin doontaa xalinteeda si ay ugu habboonaato.
• Sawirro la dardargeliyay oo ka sii wanaagsan waxay geli karaan abka la taaban karo ee u baahan sifada GPU^(GPU) horumarsan ee mashiinka martida loo yahay.
• Sabuurad la wadaago, taasoo sahlaysa in la koobiyo oo lagu dhejiyo waxyaabaha u dhexeeya labada nidaam.

Waxaa kaloo jira astaamo aad waxtar u leh. Akhri Dukumentiga VirtualBox^{(VirtualBox Documentation)} ee rasmiga ah faahfaahinta farsamada haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato.

Ma Heshay Mishiin Farshaxan Oo Shaqeeya?

Maqaalkani maaha mid ku saabsan samaynta mashiinka VirtualBox Ubuntu^{(Ubuntu Virtual Machine)} , laakiin waxaad u baahan tahay mashiinka VirtualBox Ubuntu si sax ah u shaqeeya oo si sax ah loo habeeyey si loogu rakibo Ku- darka ^(Additions)Martida VirtualBox^{(VirtualBox Guest)} ee Ubuntu . Haddii aad u baahan tahay, u gudub sida loogu rakibo Linux Windows Iyadoo VirtualBox^{(How to Install Linux on Windows With VirtualBox)} oo hubi inaad wax walba u samaysay sida saxda ah. Haddii Ubuntu VM -kaaga uu hagaagsan yahay, waxaan diyaar u nahay inaan u gudubno habka rakibidda dhabta ah.

Ku-daridda martida Ubuntu

Adiga oo u maleynaya inaad ku leedahay Ubuntu VM shaqaynaysa gudaha VirtualBox diyaar u ah inaad tagto, waxaad si fudud ugu rakibi kartaa ku-darka martida.

Kahor intaadan taas samayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad sawir ka qaadatid VM-gaaga kaliya haddii ay wax khaldamaan rakibaadda kordhinta martida. Xasuusnoow in kuwani ay yihiin darawallo iyo agabyo lagu rakibay VM-ka, si ay u beddesho nidaamka farsamada.

Waxaad ku qaadan kartaa sawir-qaadasho laba siyaabood midkood. Marka hore waa in la riixo host key + T T. Sida caadiga ah; Furaha saxda ah ee Ctrl^{(Ctrl key)} waa furaha martida loo yahay^{(host key)} ilaa qof uu tan ka bedelay goobaha. Furaha martida loo yahay ee hadda jira waxa lagu soo bandhigay geeska midig ee hoose ee daaqada mashiinka farsamada. Haddii kale, si fudud u isticmaal Mashiinka^{(Machine )} > Qaado Sawir^{( Take Snapshot)} .

Magaca sawir-qaadista, kaydi ka dibna ku soo celi VM-gaaga.

Hadda, dooro Aaladaha^(Devices) ka dibna Geli CD Additions Martida^{(Insert Guest Additions CD)} .

Waxaad fariintan ka heli doontaa Ubuntu , dooro Run .

Hadda, ku qor furahaaga maamulaha^{(administrator password)} oo dooro Xaqiiji^{(Authenticate)} .

Software-ka ayaa shaqayn doona oo rakibi doona ku darista martida. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad qalad ka hesho nidaamka aan loo dejin si loo dhiso unugyada kernel-ka, iska dhaaf oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) .

Bal qiyaas maxaa? Waa intaas oo dhan. Ku darida martida^(Guest) hadda waa la rakibay, waana inaad diyaar u ahaataa inaad tagto. In kastoo, waa in aad tijaabiso si aad u aragto in rakibaadda si sax ah u shaqeysay iyo in kale.

Tijaabinta Soo Kordhinta Martida

Si loo hubiyo in Kordhinta Martidu ^(Guest) ay^(Additions) u shaqeyso sidii loogu talagalay, waxaad isku dayi doontaa dhowr imtixaan oo degdeg ah.

Marka hore, ka dhaqaaji tilmaanta mouse-ka ee ku yaal astaanta desktop-ka ee Ubuntu meel ka baxsan daaqada mashiinka farsamada. Ma iftiimiyaan? Ma gujin kartaa icon-ka desktop ka dibna si aan kala go 'lahayn ma ugu dhaqaaqi kartaa tilmaame jiirka nidaamka hawlgalka martida loo yahay?

Marka xigta, aan tijaabino in faylalka la wadaago ay si sax ah u shaqeynayaan iyo in kale.

Marka hore, dooro Devices > Shared Folders > Shared Folders Settings ee ka soo baxa liiska mashiinka farsamada.

Hadda, dooro add share icon .

Kadib, hoosta Wadda Folderka^{(Folder Path)} , dooro Mid kale^(Other) ka dibna ka raadi oo dooro galka kumbiyuutarka martida loo yahay ee aad rabto inaad la wadaagto mashiinka farsamada. Hubi inaad doorato Auto-Mount si galka si toos ah loogu qoondeeyo warqad wadista nidaamka martida.

Markaad dhammayso, dooro OK , oo waa inaad aragto galka la wadaago ee ku hoos qoran galka ku -meel-gaadhka^{(transient folders)} ah. Xusuusnow^(Remember) , waxaanu tijaabinaynaa kaliya in ku-darka martida ay si sax ah u shaqaynayaan; mar walba waad dib u noqon kartaa oo ka dhigi kartaa galkaaga la wadaago mid joogto ah.

Hadda, dooro OK mar kale oo u gudub galka gurigaaga ee mashiinka farsamada^{(home folder on the virtual machine)} , oo waa inaad aragto galka iyo waxa ku jira. Haddii aadan ka dhigin galka akhris-kaliya, waxaad sidoo kale koobiyn kartaa faylasha martida iyo martigeliyaha habkan.

Si aad u hesho hage faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan faylalka la wadaago, hubi Wadaaga Folders inta u dhaxaysa Martigeliyaha iyo OS-ka martida ee VirtualBox^{(Share Folders between Host and Guest OS in VirtualBox)} .

Qaadashada Ubuntu Beyond Virtual Machines

Haysashada mashiinka farsamada gacanta ee Ubuntu Linux (ama Linux kasta ) waa mid aad u fiican ujeedo kasta. Weli, weligaa ma heli doontid isla waxqabadka ama iswaafajinta ay bixiso biraha qaawan.

Marka aad ku qanacsan tahay Linux ka dib markaad ku ciyaarto VirtualBox , waxaad tixgelin kartaa laba-booting Ubuntu oo leh Windows . Haddii taasi ay aad uga go'an tahay, eeg liiskayaga hababka la qaadi karo ee Linux ugu fiican^{(best portable Linux operating systems)} . Habkaas, waxaad geli kartaa Linux adigoon waxba ka beddelin kumbuyuutarka laftiisa.

How To Install VirtualBox Guest Additions in Ubuntu

It’s quick and easy these days to set up a Ubuntu virtual machine, so you can play arоund with Linux without formatting your system. However, to really gеt the most out of your Ubuntu virtual machine, wouldn’t it be nice if the host operating could interact with the guest? That’s one of the things that you can do with VirtualBox Guest Additions, and we’re going to show you how to install it.

Essential VirtualBox Lingo

Before we get into the meat and potatoes of Guest Additions, there are a few core concepts you’ll need to know to make sense of it all. If you’re already well versed in the language of virtual machines, you can just skip to the next section, but if not, stick around for a minute.

We’ve already mentioned the two most important concepts in the opening paragraph: host and guest system.

The host operating system is the actual operating system running on the “bare metal” machine. That’s the actual physical computer. There’s nothing between your operating system and the hardware of the computer.

The guest system, the virtual machine, runs as an application within the host operating system. The guest system “thinks” it’s running on a real computer, and it sees all the “hardware” that it expects, but it’s all simulated. 

By design, there’s a hard barrier between the guest and host system. That includes all the applications running on the guest system. This is why, for example, it’s safe to test viruses or do other risky things with a virtual machine. Well, as long as you don’t have a network connection to the VM active!

What Can Guest Additions Do?

The Guest Additions are, as the name suggests, software that’s added to the guest operating system so that it essentially gains spooky superpowers that no virtual machine should have. 

All kidding aside, the primary purpose of guest additions is to integrate the virtual machine with the host operating system without losing the advantages of the virtualized barrier between the two. When you install the additions, you get some seriously useful features:

• Synced clocks between the host and guest so that they always show the same time.
• You can freely use the mouse pointer between host and guest without the pointer getting captured.
• Shared folders to make it simple to transfer files safely between host and guest.
• You can freely resize the guest machine’s window, and it will dynamically adjust its resolution to match.
• Better accelerated graphics can access virtualized apps that need more advanced GPU features on the host machine.
• A shared clipboard, making it easy to copy and paste things between the two systems.

There are even more really helpful features. Read the official VirtualBox Documentation for the technical details if you want to know more.

Have You Got a Working Virtual Machine?

This article isn’t about setting up an Ubuntu Virtual Machine, but you need a working and properly configured VirtualBox Ubuntu machine to install VirtualBox Guest Additions in Ubuntu. If you need to, head over to How to Install Linux on Windows With VirtualBox and make sure you’ve done everything the right way. If your Ubuntu VM is in order, we’re ready to proceed to the actual installation process.

Installing Ubuntu Guest Additions

Assuming that you have a working Ubuntu VM in VirtualBox ready to go, you can install the guest additions easily.

Before you do that, however, we recommend that you take a snapshot of your VM just in case something goes wrong with the guest addition installation. Remember that these are drivers and utilities installed to the VM, so it alters the virtual system.

You can take a snapshot in one of two ways. The first is to press the host key + T. By default; the right Ctrl key is the host key unless someone has changed this in the settings. The current host key is displayed in the bottom right corner of the virtual machine window. Alternatively, simply use Machine > Take Snapshot.

Name the snapshot, save it and then return to your VM.

Now, select Devices and then Insert Guest Additions CD.

You’ll get this message from Ubuntu, select Run.

Now, type in your administrator password and select Authenticate.

The software will run and install guest additions. You may get an error about the system not being set up to build kernel modules, just ignore it and press Enter.

Guess what? That’s all there was to it. Guest additions are now installed, and you should be ready to go. Although, you should test to see whether the installation has worked properly or not.

Testing Guest Additions

To make sure that Guest Additions is working as intended, you’re going to try a few quick tests.

First, move your mouse pointer over the desktop icons in Ubuntu from outside the virtual machine window. Do they highlight? Can you click on a desktop icon and then seamlessly move the mouse pointer to the host operating system?

Next, let’s test whether shared folders are working correctly.

First, select Devices > Shared Folders > Shared Folders Settings from the virtual machine menu.

Now, select the add share icon.

Then, under Folder Path, choose Other and then browse for and select the folder on the host computer that you want to share with the virtual machine. Be sure to choose Auto-mount so that the folder is automatically assigned a drive letter in the guest system.

When you’re done, select OK, and you should see your shared folder listed under transient folders. Remember, we’re just testing whether the guest additions are working properly; you can always go back and make your shared folder permanent.

Now, select OK again and navigate to your home folder on the virtual machine, and you should see the folder and its contents. Unless you made the folder read-only, you can copy files from the guest to the host this way as well.

For a more detailed guide to shared folders, check out Share Folders between Host and Guest OS in VirtualBox.

Taking Ubuntu Beyond Virtual Machines

Having a Ubuntu Linux (or any Linux) virtual machine handy is excellent for almost any purpose. Still, you’re never going to get the same performance or compatibility that bare metal offers.

Once you feel comfortable with Linux after playing with it in VirtualBox, you could consider dual-booting Ubuntu with Windows. If that’s too much of a commitment, have a look at our list of the best portable Linux operating systems. That way, you can boot into Linux without altering anything on the computer itself.

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