Ka hadal shay adag oo la sameeyo: ku rakibida Windows shabakada. Xitaa ku rakibida iyada oo loo marayo darawalka USB way ka sahlan tahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani macnaheedu maaha in aan la samayn karin. Isticmaalka qalab bilaash ah oo lagu magacaabo Serva iyo wakhti iyo fiiro gaar ah, qof kastaa wuxuu dejin karaa jawigiisa shabakad si loogu rakibo Windows -ka si fudud, laga bilaabo hal kombiyuutar shabakad. Waa kan sida hawsha oo dhami u shaqeyso!

Shuruudaha AAD MUHIIMKA AH

Waxaa jira waxyaabo badan oo aad u baahan tahay inaad horay u sii diyaariso, si ay wax walba u shaqeeyaan si habsami leh. Fadlan^(Please) ha ka boodin mid ka mid ah walxahan ama suurtogalnimada guul-darradu waxay noqon doontaa mid sare:

You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.

"D:SERVA"

You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.

For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.

Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.

When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.

The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.

Talaabada 1 - Orod Serva oo ^{(Run Serva)}Samee ^(Make)qaabayntiisa^(Initial) ugu horeysa

Ku socodsii Serva^{(Run Serva)} maamule ahaan. Nooca bilaashka ah wuxuu ku weydiin doonaa inaad sugto 7 ilbiriqsi ka hor intaadan isticmaalin. Marka sugitaanku dhamaado, dhagsii "Mahadsanid, maanta maaha"^{("Thanks, not today")} .

Daaqaddeedu hadda way furan tahay. Guji Settings .

Marka hore, aad tab DHCP . Haddii kombayutaradaadu ay ka tirsan yihiin isla shabakad isla markaana maamulka IP Adreesyada^{(IP Addresses)} uu daryeelayo routerkaaga, awood u yeelo goobahan: proxyDHCP iyo BINL .

BINL waa wax-ku-dar gaar ah oo u shaqeeya sidii kordhinta borotokoolka DHCP oo ay adeegsato Serva inta lagu jiro hababka diyaarinta iyo dayactirka. proxyDHCP waa goob gaar ah oo u sheegta Serva in aanu u baahnayn in uu u shaqeeyo sidii server DCHP si loo siiyo ciwaanada IP kombayutarada ku xidhan

In kasta oo horumarinta Serva aanay ku talinayn in la suurtogeliyo goobtan, waxaan ku barannay imtixaankeena in ay ka caawiso baabi'inta arrimaha qaarkood. Sidaa darteed^(Therefore) , sidoo kale awood sanduuqa oranaya "Ku xidh DHCP ciwaankan"^{("Bind DHCP to this address")} oo ka tag cinwaanka IP-ga ah ee la bixiyay.

Looma baahna in wax laga beddelo goobaha kale ee tabkan. Marka xigta^(Next) , aad tab TFTP .

TFTP waxay ka timi Hab-maamuuska Wareejinta Faylka Trivial^{(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)} waana hab-maamuuska uu isticmaalo Serva si uu ugu wareejiyo faylasha shabakada. Hab-maamuuskani wuxuu sidoo kale u baahan yahay xoogaa habayn ah.

Marka hore, calaamadee sanduuqa u dhow Server TFTP^{(TFTP Server)} . Kadibna, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad qeexdo waxa loo yaqaan "root" directory. Kani waa hagaha aad qorshaynayso inaad ku kaydiso faylasha rakibaadda Windows . Galkaani wuxuu noqon karaa isla faylkii aad ka soo saartay Serva ama mid cusub. Maskaxda ku hay in aad isticmaashid waddooyin gaagaaban kana fogow isticmaalka meelaha banaan iyo jilayaasha gaarka ah (*, &, ", iwm) ee magaca hagaha ama jidkiisa.

Si aad gacan uga geysato ciribtirka mashaakilaadka ka jira degaannada isku xirka, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad sidoo kale saxdo sanduuqa u dhow "Ku xidh TFTP ciwaankan"^{("Bind TFTP to this address")} oo ka tag cinwaanka IP-ga caadiga ah oo aan isbeddelin.

Riix OK si aad u kaydiso dejimahaaga. Kadib xir Serva oo dib u bilow (maamule ahaan). Inta lagu jiro dib u bilaabashada, waxay abuuri doontaa qaab dhismeedka gal gaar ah galka xididka ee aad sheegtay.

^(Amongst)galkaas dhexdiisa^(WIA_WDS) , waa inaad ka heshaa mid lagu magacaabo WIA_WDS iyo mid kale oo lagu magacaabo WIA_RIS . Haddii aan laga helin gudaha galka xididka ee aad sheegtay, waxbaa khaldamay habaynta Serva^(Serva) . Haddii wax walba hagaagaan, sii wad oo akhri qaybta xigta ee maqaalkan.

Talaabada 2- Nuqul ka samee faylalka Rakibaadda Windows^{(Windows Installation Files)}

Tag faylka xididka ee aad sheegtay. Halkan, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad nuqul ka sameyso faylasha rakibaadda Windows , sida ay yihiin, iyada oo aan wax isbeddel ah laga helin dhinacaaga.

Haddii aad rabto inaad ku rakibto noocyadii hore ee Windows sida Windows XP ama Windows 2000 , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad nuqul ka sameyso faylashaas gal WIA_RIS . Maadaama nidaamyadan ay ku shaqeeyaan ay aad u da' weyn yihiin oo aanan ku talineynin in la isticmaalo, ma siin doono tilmaamo gaar ah iyaga.

Haddii aad qorsheyneyso inaad ku rakibto Windows Vista , Windows 7 ama Windows 8 , ka dib fur WIA_WDS folder. Halkaa, ka samee gal cusub oo lagu magacaabo sida uu qabo nooca Windows ee aad rabto inaad nuqul ka sameyso. Isticmaal^(Use) magacyo galka fudud, oo aan lahayn meelo bannaan ama xarfo gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan isticmaalay Windows_7 .

U samee^(Create) fayl gaar ah, oo wata magacyo kala duwan dhammaan noocyada Windows ee aad qorsheyneyso inaad ku rakibto shabakada, adoo isticmaalaya Serva .

Gudaha galkaas, koobi ka dhig oo ku dheji dhammaan faylasha rakibaadda nooca Windows ee aad rabto inaad ku rakibto shabakada. Si fudud^(Simply) u aado xididka saxanka rakibaadda, oo koobiyayso dhammaan faylkiisa iyo qaab-dhismeedka galkiisa.

Tallaabada 3 - Bilow Serva

Mar labaad ku bilow Serva^{(Start Serva)} , maamule ahaan oo sug inta uu ku ogaanayo faylalka rakibaadda ee aad ku dartay. Waxay abuuri doontaa qaab-dhismeedka galka gaarka ah, oo looga baahan yahay in lagu qaybiyo faylasha rakibaadda shabakadda.

Kadibna, xir Serva oo tag tallaabada xigta.

Talaabada 4- Nuqul ka samee Darawalka Kaadhka Shabakadda^{(Network Card Driver)}

Marka xigta, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad koobiyeyso darawalada kaararka shabakada kumbuyuutarka (yada) aad rabto inaad ku rakibto Windows .

Tag gal meesha aad ku koobiyaysay galka rakibaadda Xaaladeyda waxay ahayd "D: serva" (labadaba xididka iyo galka rakibaadda Serva ), oo ay ku xigto "WIA_WDSWindows_7" .

Halkaa, aad "$OEM$$1DriversNIC" . Haddii aadan heli karin galkan, adigu samee iyaga.

Kadibna, soo saar wadayaasha kaadhka shabakada oo geli gudaha. Haddii darawaladaadu u yimaadaan sida setup.exe ama sida kayd la iska saari karo, marka hore soo saar. Hubi in darawalka ".inf" iyo ".cat" faylalka ay si toos ah ugu kaydsan yihiin galka NIC .

Tallaabada 5 - La wadaag Folder WIA_WDS^{(WIA_WDS Folder)} Shabakadda

Si Serva uu u qaybiyo faylalka rakibaadda Windows ee shabakadda, waxay u baahan yihiin in lala wadaago shabakadda, si kombiyuutarrada kale ay u galaan. Nasiib darro, Serva waxay kaaga baahan tahay inaad wadaagto gal WIA_WDS (oo ma aha fayl-hoosaadyadeeda ama faylalka kale) adoo isticmaalaya magac wadaag oo gaar ah: WIA_WDS_SHARE . Isticmaalka magac kasta oo wadaag ah macnaheedu waa in nidaamka rakibidda ay u badan tahay inuu guuldareysto.

Si aad faylkan ula wadaagto magaca aan soo sheegnay, marka hore waxaad u baahan tahay inaad karti u geliso wadaagga horumarsan ee Windows ka dibna la wadaagto. Waa kan sida wadaagga horumarsan uu uga shaqeeyo Windows : La wadaag Maktabado ama Folders Isticmaalka Wadaagista Sare^{(Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing)} .

Waa inaad siisaa isticmaalaha Qof kasta^(Everyone) rukhsad akhris-kaliya. Waxaad sidoo kale la wadaagi kartaa galkan xisaabo isticmaale oo gaar ah, kuwaas oo faahfaahintooda gelitaankooda aad isticmaali doonto hadhow, inta lagu jiro nidaamka rakibida shabakada. Mar labaad^(Again) , oggolaanshaha akhris-kaliya ayaa ku filan.

Tallaabada 6 - Bilow Serva

Dib u bilow Serva^{(Start Serva)} , addoo isticmaalaya ogolaanshaha maamulaha. Waxay ogaan doontaa darawallada shabakada ee aad ku dartay oo waxay samayn doontaa isbeddello yar, si darawallada si sax ah loogu qaybiyo markaad bilowdo nidaamka rakibidda kombiyuutarada kale. Hadda waad ka tagi kartaa iyada oo furan oo aad sugayso isku xidhka shabakada

Marka xigta, aad kombayutarka meesha aad rabto inaad ku rakibto Windows .

Talaabada 7 - Kumbuyuutarka Bartilmaameedka^{(Target PC)} - Ka yeel Lan Booting & Boot ka Shabakadda

Tag kombiyuutarka meesha aad rabto inaad ku rakibto Windows oo geli BIOS -kiisa . Hubi^(Make) in isku xidhka xidhidhisku uu karti yeeshay. Goobtan waxaa lagu magacaabi karaa "Boot from the network" ama "Boot from PXE" .

Ka dib, bilow kombuyutarka oo taabo furaha loo baahan yahay si aad u soo qaadato Boot Menu . Kumbiyuutarrada intooda badan, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad riixdo F12 ama F8 , iyadoo ku xiran nooca BIOS . Dooro Shabakadda^(Network) ama PXE (mar kale, tani waxay kuxirantahay kombuyuutarkaaga BIOS ), si aad uga bilowdo shabakada, adoo isticmaalaya Serva .

Haddii wax walba ay wanaagsan yihiin, waa inaad aragto shaashad la mid ah kan hoose, halkaasoo MAC -ga kumbuyuutarka uu ka muuqdo kaarka shabakaduna uu ka codsanayo ciwaanka IP-ga ee DHCP .

Marka kombuyuutarku ku xiran yahay shabakadda, Serva wuxuu ku shubaa oo soo bandhigayaa shaashad leh nidaamyada hawlgalka ee diyaar u ah rakibidda. Dooro midka aad rabto oo tabo ENTER^(ENTER) .

Faylasha rakibaadda waa la raray waxaana la soo bandhigay daaqad yar oo lagu magacaabo ServaPENet . Tallaabadan, Serva wuxuu ku rakibayaa darawalka shabakadda ee aad horey ugu dartay, wuxuu ku shubaa ilaha shabakadda wuxuuna ku xiraa galka rakibaadda Windows . Iyadoo ku xidhan sida aad u wadaagtay gal WIA_WDS , waxay ku waydiin doontaa inaad keento magaca isticmaale iyo erayga sirta ah si aad u gasho. Ku qor faahfaahinta akoonka isticmaalaha aad la wadaagtay oo ku xidh

Haddii dhammaan si fiican u dhaceen, habka rakibidda Windows hadda waa la bilaabay.

Talaabada 8-Ku Rakibida Daaqadaha Shabakadda

Marka xigta, sii wad rakibidda Windows , sida caadiga ah. ^(Windows)Haddii aad qorsheyneyso inaad ku rakibto Windows 8 , hubi hagaha rakibida: Sida loogu rakibo Windows 8 RTM Kumbuyuutarkaaga^{(How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer)} .

Xallinta dhibaatooyinka Serva

Haddii aadan u fiirsi lahayn dhammaan tillaabooyinka habkan, waxyaabaha qaar waxay u badan tahay inay fashilmaan. Waa kuwan waxyaabo aan baranay markii aan tijaabinay qalabkan:

If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.

If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.

One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.

Talo kale oo wanaagsan ayaa ah in aad dib u bilowdo Serva mar kasta oo aad beddesho mid ka mid ah goobaha iyo mar kasta oo aad wax ku darto galkeeda xididka.

Maadaama aanu ahayn kuwa soo saaray software-kan, kuma siin karno taageero oo aan kaa caawino dhammaan arrimaha aad la kulmi karto. Haddii hagahayagu aanu ku caawinin, ka dib laba jeer hubi dukumentiyada Serva - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install iyo hagaha qaabaynta horumarsan - Mowduucyada horumarsan ee TFTP^{(Advanced Topics on TFTP)} .

Gabagabo

Sida aad ka arki karto hagahan, ku dejinta Serva waxay u baahan tahay waqti iyo fiiro gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa habka ugu fudud ee lagu rakibo nooc kasta oo casri ah oo Windows ah shabakada. Waxay si weyn ugu shaqeysaa shabakadaha guriga iyo shabakadaha ganacsi ee cabbirka yar ama dhexdhexaadka ah labadaba.

Haddii aad taqaano qalabyada kale ee waxtarka leh ee lagu rakibayo Windows shabakada, ha ka waaban inaad la wadaagto iyaga oo isticmaalaya foomka faallooyinka ee hoose.

How to Install Any Version of Windows from Other Network Computers

Talk about a complex thing to do: installing Windows over the network. Even installing it via a UЅB drive is sіmpler. However, this doesn't mean it cannot be done. Using а free tool named Serva and a bit of time and attention, anyone can set up his/her network environment so that Windows installations are performed with ease, from one network computer. Here's how the whole process works!

VERY IMPORTANT Prerequisites

There are many things you need to prepare beforehand, so that everything works smoothly. Please don't skip any of these elements or the likelihood of failure will be high:

You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.

"D:SERVA"

You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.

For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.

Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.

When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.

The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.

Step 1 - Run Serva & Make Its Initial Configuration

Run Serva as administrator. The free version will ask you to wait for 7 seconds before you can use it. Once the wait is over, click "Thanks, not today".

Its window is now open. Click Settings.

First, go to the DHCP tab. If your computers are part of the same network and the management of IP Addresses is taken care of by your router, enable these settings: proxyDHCP and BINL.

BINL is a special add-on that acts as a DHCP protocol extension and it is used by Serva during its preparation and maintenance procedures. proxyDHCP is a special setting that tells Serva that it doesn't need to act as a DCHP server in order to provide IP addresses to the computers connecting to it.

Even though Serva's developers don't recommending enabling this setting, we have learned in our testing that it helps eliminate some issues. Therefore, also enable the box which says "Bind DHCP to this address" and leave the default IP address that is provided.

There is no need to modify other settings in this tab. Next, go to the TFTP tab.

TFTP comes from Trivial File Transfer Protocol and it is the protocol used by Serva to transfer files over the network. This protocol needs a bit of configuration as well.

First, check the box near TFTP Server. Then, you need to specify the so called "root" directory. This is the directory where you plan to store the Windows installation files. This folder can be the same folder where you extracted Serva or a new one. Keep in mind that you should use short paths and avoid using spaces and special characters (*, &, ", etc) in the directory name or its path.

To help eliminate problems in some networking environments, you might want to also check the box near "Bind TFTP to this address" and leave the default IP address unchanged.

Press OK to save your settings. Then close Serva and start it again (as administrator). During the restart, it will create a special folder structure in the root folder you specified.

Amongst those folders, you must find one named WIA_WDS and another named WIA_RIS. If they are not found inside the root folder you specified, something went wrong with Serva's configuration. If all is well, go ahead and read the next section in this article.

Step 2 - Copy the Windows Installation Files

Go to the root folder you specified. Here, you need to copy the Windows installation files, as they are, without any modifications from your side.

If you want to install older versions of Windows like Windows XP or Windows 2000, you need to copy those files in the WIA_RIS folder. Since these operating systems are very old and we don't recommend using them, we won't provide specific instructions for them.

If you plan to install Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8, then open the WIA_WDS folder. There, create a new folder named according to the Windows version you want to copy. Use simple folder names, with no spaces or special characters. For example, I used Windows_7.

Create separate folders, with different names for all the Windows versions you plan to install over the network, using Serva.

Inside that folder, copy and paste all the installation files for the Windows version you want to install over the network. Simply go to the root of the installation disc, and copy its entire file and folder structure.

Step 3 - Start Serva

Start Serva again, as administrator and wait for it to detect the installation files you added. It will create its special folder structure, required to distribute the installation files over the network.

Then, close Serva and go to the next step.

Step 4 - Copy the Network Card Driver(s)

Next, you need to copy the network card drivers for the computer(s) on which you want to install Windows.

Go the folder where you copied the installation files. In my case it was "D:serva" (both the root and Serva installation folder), followed by "WIA_WDSWindows_7".

There, go to "$OEM$$1DriversNIC". If you can't find these folders, create them yourself.

Then, extract the network card drivers and place them inside. If your drivers come as a setup.exe or as a self-extractable archive, extract it first. Make sure the driver's ".inf" and ".cat" files are stored directly in the NIC folder.

Step 5 - Share WIA_WDS Folder with the Network

In order for Serva to distribute the Windows installation files over the network, they need to be shared with the network, so that other computers can access them. Unfortunately, Serva requires you to share the WIA_WDS folder (and not its subfolders or other folders) using a very specific share name: WIA_WDS_SHARE. Using any other share name means that the installation procedure is likely to fail.

To share this folder with the name we mentioned, you first need to enable advanced sharing in Windows and then share it. Here's how advanced sharing works in Windows: Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing.

You must give the user Everyone read-only permissions. You can also share this folder with specific user accounts, whose login details you will use later on, during the network installation process. Again, read-only permissions are enough.

Step 6 - Start Serva

Start Serva again, using administrator permissions. It will detect the network drivers you added and make a few changes, so that the drivers are distributed correctly when you launch the installation process on other computers. You can now leave it open and waiting for network connections.

Next, go to the computer(s) where you want to install Windows.

Step 7 - On the Target PC - Enable Lan Booting & Boot from the Network

Go to the computer where you want to install Windows and enter its BIOS. Make sure networking booting is enabled. This setting can be named "Boot from the network" or "Boot from PXE".

Then, start the computer and press the required key to bring up the Boot Menu. On most computers, you need to press F12 or F8, depending on the BIOS version. Select Network or PXE (again, this depends on your computer's BIOS), to boot from the network, using Serva.

If all is well, you should see a screen similar to the one below, where the computer's MAC is displayed and the network card requests an IP address via DHCP.

When the computer is connected to the network, Serva loads and displays a screen with the operating systems available for installation. Pick the one you want and press ENTER.

The installation files are loaded and a small window named ServaPENet is shown. At this step, Serva installs the network driver you added earlier, loads network resources and connects to the Windows installation folder. Depending on how you shared the WIA_WDS folder, it will ask you to provide a username and password to access it. Type the details of the user account you shared it with and connect.

If all went well, the Windows installation process is now started.

Step 8 - Install Windows Over the Network

Next, continue with the Windows installation, as usual. If you plan to install Windows 8, check this installation guide: How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer.

Troubleshooting Problems with Serva

If you don't pay attention to all the steps in this procedure, some things are likely to fail. Here are some things we learned while experimenting with this tool:

If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.

If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.

One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.

Another good tip is to restart Serva every time you change any of its settings and every time you add something to its root folder.

Since we are not the developers of this software, we cannot provide support for it and help you with all the issues you might encounter. If our guide does not help you, then double check Serva's documentation - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install and advanced configuration guide - Advanced Topics on TFTP.

Conclusion

As you can see from this guide, setting things up with Serva requires quite a bit of time and attention. However, it is the simplest way of installing any modern version of Windows over the network. It works great both for home networks and small or medium sized business networks.

If you know other useful tools for installing Windows over the network, don't hesitate to share them using the comments form below.

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• Sida loogu daro oo loogu isticmaalo VPN gudaha Windows 10 (dhammaan waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato)

• Soo bandhigida Windows 8.1: Sida loo wada-shaqeeyo oo loo hagaajiyo goobahaaga

• Amniga qof walba - Dib u eegista GlassWire. Qalabka kormeerka shabakadda ee quruxda badan!