Si aad u isticmaasho qalabka wax lagu kaydiyo sida USB drives iyo hard drives gudaha Linux , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad sidoo kale fahanto sida loo qaabeeyo marka la isticmaalayo nidaamka hawlgalka Linux . Qalabka kaydinta ayaa inta badan loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo kala duwan oo loo yaqaan qaybo. Tani waxay awood kuu siinaysaa inaad abuurto nidaam faylal ah adigoo u kala qaybinaya darawalkaaga adag qaybo badan oo farsamo ah.

Qaybinta diskka Linux waa sida aaladda xuduudka oo u sheegta nidaamka fayl kasta inta boos ee uu isticmaali karo. ^(Linux)Way ku anfacaysaa marka la abuurayo wadayaasha la wadaago^{(creating shared drives)} oo waxay awood kuu siinaysaa inaad u qoondayso oo aad wax ka beddesho booska wadista^{(edit drive space)} si wax ku ool ah.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad haysato 2GB USB drive, waxaad samayn kartaa qayb qaadata wadaha oo dhan, laba qaybood oo midkiiba 1GB ah, ama kala duwanaanshaha cabbirka. Qayb kasta oo Linux disk ah waxay u shaqeysaa sidii darawalkeeda adag. Waxay si gaar ah faa'iido u leedahay haddii aad ku isticmaalayso in ka badan hal nidaamka hawlgalka isla kombayutarka.

Adeegso Amarka Qaybsan^{(Use The Parted Command)}

Ubuntu wuxuu ku yimaadaa iyadoo horay loo rakibay iyadoo la kala qaybiyay^(parted) . Haddii aad isticmaalayso qaybin ka duwan, ku rakib addoo isticmaalaya amarka soo socda:

apt-get-install ayaa la kala qaybiyay^{(apt-get-install parted)}

Si aad u aragto darawallada adag ee nidaamkaaga, ku qor: sudo parted -l . Fiiri liiska aaladaha sawirka hoose:

Waxaad kor ku arki kartaa inay jiraan saddex qaybood oo Ubuntu ah Disk /dev/sda . Aan isticmaalno qaybta la yiraahdo /dev/sda5 si aan u abuurno qayb cusub.

Talaabada xigta waa in la furo qaybsan^(parted) . Laakiin iska hubi inaad isticmaasho mudnaanta rootiga. Dooro wadista aad rabto inaad qaybiso. Waxaan isticmaali doonaa /dev/vdc . 

Ku qor amarka soo socda:

(parted) select /dev/vdc 

Si aad u aragto waxa ku jira qaybta diskka Linux , ku qor: ^(Linux)print . Waxaad arki doontaa soo koobida darawalkaaga adag, cabbirka, iyo miiska qaybinta.

Tusaalaha hoose, dariiqa adagi waa Model: Virtio Block Device, cabirku waa 1396MB , miiska qaybtuna waa gpt .

Si aad u habayso diskka qaybinta Ubuntu , waa inaad marka hore ka baxdaa adigoo ku qoraya ^(Ubuntu)joojinta^(quit) . Talaabada xigta waa in la furo aaladda kaydinta ee la doortay iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaybsan. ^(parted.)Maqaalkan, waxaan ku isticmaali doonaa /dev/vdc .

Haddii aadan cayimin aaladda gaarka ah ee aad rabto inaad isticmaasho, nidaamkaagu wuxuu si aan kala sooc lahayn u dooran doonaa aalad. Adeegso amarka hoose oo uu ku jiro magaca aaladda (vdc):

sudo parted /dev/vdc

Si aad u dejiso miiska qaybta, ku qor GPT , ka dib Haa^(Yes) si aad u aqbasho. Waa inaad tan ku samaysaa oo keliya qaybaha aan ku jirin wax xog ah oo aad rabto inaad hayso.

Dib u eeg miiska qaybintaada si aad u muujiso macluumaadka ku saabsan qalabka kaydinta ee leh amarka soo socda:

(la kala baxay) daabac^{((parted) print)}

Si aad u aragto tilmaamaha ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo qayb cusub, ku qor (la qaybsamay) help mkpart^{((parted) help mkpart)} .

Maqaalkan, waxaan u abuuri doonaa qayb cusub oo Linux ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo amarka hoose:

(la kala baxay) mkpart aasaasiga ah 0 1396MB^{((parted) mkpart primary 0 1396MB)}

0 waxay ka dhigan tahay inaad rabto inaad bilawdo qaybta bilawga wadista. Waxaan ka ogaanay sawirka kore in darawalku leeyahay 1396MB . Amarka kore wuxuu u sheegayaa nidaamkaaga inuu ka bilaabo qaybta 0 oo uu ku dhameeyo 1396MB^(1396MB) .

Si loo isticmaalo qaybta, waa in la qaabeeyey. Marka hore^(First) , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ka baxdo adigoo^(parted) ku qoraya joojinta^(quit) . Kadib, adoo isticmaalaya nidaamka faylka ext4 , ku qor amarka hoose si aad u qaabeyso diskka:^(ext4)

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc

Xaqiiji adiga oo ku dhejiya sudo parted ^{(sudo parted)} /dev/vdc . Si aad uga baxdo kala go^(parted) ', ku qor joojinta^(quit) . Markaad ka baxdo kala go'a^(parted) , isbeddellada ayaa si toos ah u keydiya.  

Habka amarka, isticmaal hal amar xaraf si uu kuu tuso liiska falalka aad qaadi karto. Ku qor m oo tabo Gelida^(Enter) .

Abuur Qaybaha Disk-ga Adigoo isticmaalaya cfdisk^{(Create Disk Partitions Using cfdisk)}

Cfdisk waa barnaamijka utility Linux ee loo isticmaalo abuurista, tirtirka, iyo wax ka beddelka qaybaha qalabka diskka. Si aad u isticmaasho si aad u abuurto qayb, geli amarka soo socda:

# cfdisk /dev/sda

Magaca wadista tusaalahan waa sda .

Sawirka kore, waxaad ku arki kartaa macluumaadka kooban ee qalabka diskka. Dhexda daaqadda waxay muujinaysaa miiska qaybinta. Xirmooyinka hoose waxay muujinayaan amarro la dooran karo.

Si aad u doorato qayb ka mid ah liiska, isticmaal furayaasha fallaadha kor iyo hoos. Dooro amar adiga oo isticmaalaya fallaadhaha midig iyo bidix.

Tusaalaha kore wuxuu muujinayaa saddex qaybood oo hoose (1,2 & 3). U fiirso^(Notice) nooca qaybinta   meel bannaan .^{(free space)}

Samee qayb cusub adiga oo ka dooranaya mid cusub^(New) daaqadda hoose. Waxaan u yeeri doonaa qaybtan /dev/sdb . Ku qor amarka # cfdisk /dev/sdb . Marka xigta dooro aasaasiga ah^{(primary )} sida nooca qaybinta ee shaashadda xigta.

Shaashadda xigta waxaad ku sheegi doontaa xajmiga qaybta. Waxaan abuuri doonaa qayb ka mid ah 800 KB. Hadda waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad go'aamiso meesha laga bilaabayo qaybinta. Dooro bilowga booska xorta ah^{(beginning of free space)} .

Shaashada xigta, ka dooro Qor^(Write) si aad u badbaadiso isbeddelladaada oo ku qor xogta qaybta diskka. Xaqiiji qaybta cusub adoo daabacaya addoo isticmaalaya amarka soo socda:

fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Gabagabada Talooyinka Abuuritaanka Qaybaha Disk-ga Linux^{(Concluding Tips for Creating Linux Disk Partitions)}

Waa inaad had iyo jeer kaydisaa xogtaada. Xitaa qaladka ugu yar wuxuu burburin karaa qaybinta darawalka muhiimka ah. 

Sidoo kale, hubi inaad xaqiijiso oo dib u xaqiijiso inaad isticmaalayso wadista saxda ah markaad abuurayso qaybtaada. Haddii kale, waxaad waayi kartaa xogta. 

Noogu sheeg su'aalahaaga faallooyinka hoose.

How to Create a Linux Disk Partition

To use storage devіces such as USB drives and hard driνes in Linux, you need to also understand how to structurе them when using Linux operating system. Storage deνices are often split into separate portions called partitions. This enables you to create a file system by splitting your hard drive into multiple virtual parts.

A Linux disk partition is like a boundary device that tells each file system how much space it can use. It’s handy when creating shared drives and enables you to allocate and edit drive space more effectively.

For example, if you have a 2GB USB drive, you can create a partition that takes up the entire drive, two partitions of 1GB each, or variations of sizes. Each Linux disk partition acts as its own hard drive. It is especially useful if you are using more than one operating system on the same computer.

Use The Parted Command

Ubuntu comes preinstalled with parted. If you are using a different distribution, install it using the following command:

apt-get-install parted

To see the hard drives on your system, type: sudo parted -l. See the list of devices in the screenshot below:

You can see above that there are three Ubuntu partition disks on Disk /dev/sda. Let’s use the partition called /dev/sda5 to create a new partition.

The next step is to launch parted. But be sure you are using root privileges. Choose the drive you want to partition. We will be using /dev/vdc. 

Type the following command:

(parted) select /dev/vdc 

To see what is in the Linux disk partition, type: print. You will see a summary of your hard drive, the size, and the partition table.

In the example below, the hard drive is Model: Virtio Block Device, the size is 1396MB, and the partition table is gpt.

To configure the Ubuntu partition disk, you must exit first by typing quit. The next step is to open the selected storage device using parted. In this article, we will use the /dev/vdc device.

If you don’t specify the specific device you want to use, your system will randomly select a device.  Use the command below that includes the device name (vdc):

sudo parted /dev/vdc

To set the partition table, type GPT, then Yes to accept it. You should only do this on partitions that contain no data you want to keep.

Review your partition table to show information about the storage device with the following command:

(parted) print

To see instructions on how to make a new partition, type (parted) help mkpart.

For this article, we will create a new Linux disk partition using the command below:

(parted) mkpart primary 0 1396MB

The 0 means you want to start the partition at the beginning of the drive. We know from the screenshot above that the drive has 1396MB. The command above tells your system to start the partition at 0 and end it at 1396MB.

To be able to use the partition, it must be formatted. First, you need to exit parted by typing quit. Then, using the ext4 file system, type the command below to format the disk:

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdc

Verify by typing sudo parted /dev/vdc. To exit parted, type quit. When you exit parted, the changes save automatically.  

In command mode, use a single letter command to show you a list of the actions you can take. Type m and press Enter.

Create Disk Partitions Using cfdisk

Cfdisk is a Linux utility program used to create, delete, and modify partitions on a disk device. To use it to create a partition, enter the following command:

# cfdisk /dev/sda

The name of the drive for this example is sda.

In the screenshot above, you can see summary information for the disk device. The middle of the window shows the partition table. The brackets on the bottom show selectable commands.

To select a partition from the list, use the up and down arrow keys. Select a command by using the right and left arrows.

The example above shows three primary partitions (1,2 & 3). Notice the free space partition type.  

Create a new partition by selecting New from the bottom window. We will call this partition /dev/sdb.  Type the command # cfdisk /dev/sdb. Next select primary as the partition type from the next screen.

On the next screen you will specify the size of the partition. We will create a partition that is 800 KB. Now you will be asked to determine where to start the partition. Choose the beginning of free space.

From the next screen, select Write to save your changes and write the partition data to disk. Verify the new partition by printing it using the following command:

fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Concluding Tips for Creating Linux Disk Partitions

You should always back up your data. Even the smallest mistake can destroy the partition of a critical drive. 

Also, be sure to verify and re-verify that you are using the correct drive when creating your partition. Otherwise, you could lose data. 

Let us know your questions in the comments below.

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