Firmware ayaa lama huraan u ah noocyo badan oo qalab ah. Waa kan "ku-dhisan software" (microcode) ka mas'uulka ah ka dhigista qalabkeenu inay qabsadaan shaqadooda, ama si ka sii saxan, ka dhigaan inay shaqeeyaan oo shaqeeyaan. Firmware , sida barnaamij kasta oo kale, waa la hagaajin karaa waqti ka dib. Haddi ay tahay hagaajinta dhiqlaha ama ku darista hawlo cusub aaladda, cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka ayaa wax walba ka dhigi karta mid wanaagsan. Ma taqaanaa sida loo sameeyo cusboonaysiinta firmware qalabkaaga? Ma jeclaan lahayd inaad wax badan ka ogaato cusbooneysiinta firmware-ka iyo tillaabooyinka ay tahay inaad u qaado taas? Sii akhriso:

Waa maxay cusboonaysiinta firmware?

Qalabka aan isticmaalno waxaa ku shaqeeya laba shay: hardware-ka ku jira iyo firmware-ka ka dhigaya inay saxan yihiin. Firmware-ka ku dhex-jira aaladda waa software-ka ka dhigaya qalabku inuu u shaqeeyo sidii la rabay. Dhammaan aaladaha iyo qalabka waxay leeyihiin firmware: taleefannada casriga ah waxay leeyihiin firmware, tablets-ku waxay leeyihiin firmware, router-yadu waxay leeyihiin firmware, xitaa TV-yada^(TVs) smart waxay leeyihiin firmware. Firmware waxaa si toos ah warshadda uga diyaariyey soosaarayaasha qalabka qalabka. Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato waxa firmware yahay iyo sababta ay lama huraanka u tahay, maqaalkani wuxuu ku siinayaa aragti dheeraad ah: Waa maxay firmware? Maxay qabtaa? ^{(What is firmware? What does it do?)}.

Sida software kasta, firmware sidoo kale waa la hagaajin karaa: cayayaanka waa la heli karaa oo la hagaajin karaa, sifooyin cusub ayaa lagu dari karaa. Mar kasta oo soo saaraha uu sii daayo firmware cusub mid ka mid ah qalabkiisa oo aad adigu leedahay, waad qaadan kartaa oo aad ku cusboonaysiin kartaa firmware-kiisa nooca cusub. Taas waxa loo yaqaan cusboonaysiinta firmware^{(firmware update)} .

Cusboonaysiinta Firmware^(Firmware) ee daabacaha uu sameeyay Canon

Si kastaba ha noqotee, cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka waxay noqon kartaa shaqo khatar ah, haddii aan loo samayn sida saxda ah, waxay ka dhigi kartaa qalabkaaga mid aan shaqaynayn. Ama, sida qaar ayaa odhan lahaa: Cusbooneysiinta firmware-ka xun waxay u rogaan qalab shaqeynaya leben. Taasi waa sababta, qaybaha soo socda ee maqaalkan, waxaanu ku tusi doonaa hababka ugu fiican ee loo cusbooneysiiyo firmware-ka qalab kasta. Haddii aad ka taxadarto oo aad si sax ah u sameyso, khatartu waa inay ahaataa mid aad u yar.

Tallaabada 1. Ogow qaabka qalabkaaga iyo waxa firmware uu isticmaalo

Ugu horreyntii^(First) , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato haddii uu jiro cusbooneysiin firmware ah oo diyaar u ah qalabkaaga. Si taas loo sameeyo, marka hore waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato magaca qaabka saxda ah ee qalabkaaga iyo firmware-ka hadda ku dul yaal. Iyadoo ku xiran nooca qalabka aad haysato, waxaad ka heli kartaa macluumaadka ku saabsan qaabka qalabkaaga iyo nooca firmware-kiisa siyaabo kala duwan:

• Waxay ku daabacan tahay sanduuqa xirmada ee qalabkaaga.
• Ku dheji dhejiyeyaal ama si toos ah ugu dheji qalabkaaga, badiyaa dhinaca dambe.
• Aaladaha qaarkood waxay wataan software-ka maamulka oo isku xiran. Tusaale ahaan, darawalada adag ee ka socda Samsung waxay bixiyaan app la yiraahdo Samsung Magician , iyo Intel's SSDs waxay la socdaan Intel Solid-State Drive Toolbox . Haddii soo-saaraha aaladdaadu ay bixiso app-ka noocaas ah, waxay u badan tahay inay tusto qaabka qalabkaaga iyo nooca firmware-ka ku yaal.
• Aaladaha qaarkood waxay bixiyaan is-dhexgal shabakadeed, sida router, firewalls, DVRs , ama kamaradaha IP. Interface-ka shabakadani waxa uu ku tusayaa magacooda iyo nooca firmware-ka mid ka mid ah guddiyada maamulka shabakada.
• Qalabka qaarkood ee leh bandhig, sida TV-yada^(TVs) smart , waxay muujiyaan magacooda moodeelka iyo nooca firmware-ka gudaha menuskooda oo leh goobo.

Nooca firmware-ka ee Samsung SSD waxa muujiyay abka Samsung Magician

Tallaabada 2. Hubi haddii ay jirto update firmware diyaar u ah qalab aad

Markaad ogaato magaca moodeelka saxda ah iyo nooca firmware-ka hadda ee qalabkaaga, waa waqtigii la hubin lahaa in cusbooneysiin la heli karo. Si taas loo sameeyo, gal online oo raadi shabakada taageerada ee ay bixiso soo saaraha qalabkaaga. Haddii aadan aqoon website-ka aad aadi karto, waxaad ka raadin kartaa Google ama Bing ama waxaad ka raadin kartaa ciwaanka website-ka buug-gacmeedka qalabkaaga. Waa in lagu qoraa halkaas.

Kadibna, bogga taageerada soo saaraha, ka raadi Darawalada^(Drivers) , Firmware , ama qaybta soo dejinta . ^(Download)Hubi haddii qalabkaagu ku qoran yahay iyo haddii ay jiraan wax cusub oo firmware ah oo la heli karo. Aad uga taxaddar inaad si sax ah u aqoonsato qalabkaaga. Hal xaraf ama nambar kala duwan oo magaciisa ku qoran waxay la macno tahay in aad eegayso nooc ka duwan kanada. Ku cusboonaysiinta qalabka qalabkaaga qalabka kale, xitaa haddii wax yar ka duwan yahay, waxay u badan tahay inay u horseedi karto qalab leben ah.

Bogga BIOS & Firmware ee Motherboard-ka ay samaysay ASUS

Haddii aad hesho nooc firmware ah oo ka cusub kan qalabkaaga, sii wad oo soo deji. Wax kale oo la raadiyo waa in soo saaraha qalabkaagu uu sidoo kale bixiyo qalab software gaar ah oo loogu talagalay qorista firmware-ka cusub. Iyadoo ku xiran qalabkaaga, qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha ayaa sidoo kale ku dari kara fayl la fulin karo oo aad isticmaali karto si aad u qorto firmware-ka cusub. Haddii ay taasi tahay kiiska adiga, markaa waa inaad sidoo kale soo dejiso qalabkan.

Tallaabada 3. U diyaari qalabkaaga cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka

Hadda oo aad haysato cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka cusub ee lagu kaydiyay kombayutarkaaga oo aad diyaar u tahay in lagu qoro aaladdaada, waa waqtigii aad u diyaarin lahayd aaladda habkan. Waxaa jira dhowr waxyaalood oo muhiim ah oo ay tahay inaad sameyso:

• Akhri faylka Readme^{(Read the Readme file)} ee la qaybiyay cusbooneysiinta firmware-ka cusub. Haddii aad aragto Readme , ha illoobin, maxaa yeelay waxay u badan tahay inay ka kooban tahay macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah ee ku saabsan firmware-ka iyo habraaciisa cusboonaysiinta.
• Had iyo jeer u isticmaal koronto la isku halayn karo^{(Always use a reliable power supply)} qalabkaaga inta lagu jiro habka cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka. Haddii aad bilowdo inaad ku cusboonaysiiso firmware-ka qalabkaaga oo korontadu go'do, qalabkaaga waa la bulukeeti doonaa. Taasi waa sababta aan kugula talineyno inaad isticmaasho koronto aan kala go' lahayn oo ku xiran qalabkaaga. Xitaa haddii aad ku cusboonaysiiso firmware-ka TV-gaaga smart - waa inaad gelisaa UPS kaaga . Waa habka kaliya ee 100% nabdoon ee lagu samayn karo.
• Haddii aad u isticmaasho kombuyuutarka si aad u cusboonaysiiso qalabka firmware-ka, hubi in kumbiyuutarku aanu lahayn antivirus qolo saddexaad oo^{(no third-party antivirus running)} ku shaqaynaysa. Inaad haysato antivirus si loo ilaaliyo had iyo jeer waa shay wanaagsan, marka laga reebo inta lagu jiro cusbooneysiinta firmware-ka. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay u malaynayso in habka cusboonaysiinta firmware uu yahay mid xaasid ah, oo, sidaas oo kale, waxay xannibi kartaa cusboonaysiinta. Ma rabtid taas. Si ku meel gaadh ah u dami software-ka ka-hortagga ilaa aad dhammayso casriyaynta firmware-ka.
• Haddii aad rabto in aad ku cusboonaysiiso qalabka firmware-ka qalabka adiga oo isticmaalaya usha xusuusta USB ama nooc kasta oo kale oo xusuusta dibadda ah, iska hubi in aad isticmaasho usha xusuusta oo tayo fiican leh. Usha xusuusta USB^(USB) ama darawal adag oo dibadda ah oo leh blocks xun waxay u horseedi kartaa cusbooneysiinta firmware-ka .

Tallaabada 4. Kaabta qalabkaaga hadda firmware

Waxaan ku dhow nahay inaan bilowno cusbooneysiinta firmware-ka. Laakin, ka hor inta aynaan taa gaarin, waxaa jira hal shay oo kale oo muhiim ah in la sameeyo. Haddii aad tan ku samaynayso buuggu, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad marka hore rabto inaad kaydiso firmware-kaaga hadda, sida xirfadle. Haddii ay wax khaldamaan habka cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka, waxaad weli haysataa fursad aad ku soo ceshato qalabkaaga oo aad u keento xaalad shaqo.

Qalabka oo dhami ma ogola inaad kaydiso nuqul ka mid ah firmware-kooda hadda, laakiin haddii aad kayd u ​​samayn karto firmware-ka qalabkaaga, samee!

Tallaabada 5. Sida loo sameeyo update firmware ah qalab aad

Talaabada u dambaysa: cusboonaysii qalabkaaga firmware. Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca aaladda iyo sida ay soo-saareheedu u qaabeeyeen habka cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka, arrimuhu waxay noqon karaan kuwo fudud ama dhib badan.

Celcelis ahaan router-gaaga wireless-ka ah, waxa kaliya oo ay tahay inaad sameyso waa inaad ku billowdo shabakadeeda shabakada biraawsarkaaga ee aad jeceshahay, u gudub goobaha firmware-ka, tilmaan goobta firmware-ka cusub, oo aad bilowdo habka cusboonaysiinta.

Casriyeynta Firmware ee router ASUS

Noocyada kale ee aaladaha waxay leeyihiin habab cusbooneysiin firmware oo kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, darawallada Intel SSD waxay adeegsadaan aalad loo yaqaan ' Intel SSD Toolbox', taas oo fudud in la isticmaalo. Waxa kaliya ee aad u baahan tahay inaad sameyso waa inaad tagtaa qaybta Cusbooneysiinta Firmware^{(Firmware Update)} oo taabo Cusbooneysii^(Update) . Appku wax walba ayuu sameeyaa, waxa kaliya oo ay tahay inaad sameyso waa dib u kicinta kombuyutarkaaga si uu u dhammeeyo casriyeynta firmware-ka.

Intel Solid-State Drive Toolbox wuxuu^{(Intel Solid-State Drive Toolbox)} kuu ogolaanayaa inaad samayso casriyeynta firmware ee Intel SSDs

TV-gaaga casriga ah ama qalabka warbaahintaada, cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka waxay caadiyan ka dhigan tahay in la geliyo feylka firmware-ga cusub ee USB-ga^(USB) xusuusta, ku xidhidhiyaha aaladdaada, oo riix batoonka Hagajinta^(Upgrade) ee menu-ka dejinta.

Cusboonaysiinta Firmware ee LG smart TV

Qalabka Motherboard-ka ee PC-gaaga (loo yaqaan BIOS ), waxay la macno tahay adeegsiga habab gaar ah oo ay ku taliyaan soo-saaraha, oo loo heli karo app-ka Windows -ka ama qalab ku dhex-jira UEFI BIOS -kaaga . Laakiin, hore ayaan uga hadalnay tan hage hore oo ku saabsan sida loo cusboonaysiiyo BIOS . Waxaad ka heli kartaa halkan: Sida loo cusboonaysiiyo BIOS-ka Motherboard-ka^{(How to update the BIOS of your motherboard)} .

Cusboonaysiinta BIOS ee Motherboard-ka ASUS

Kuwani waa dhawr tusaale. Habka cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ka duwan yahay qalabkaaga. Dhammaan waxay kuxirantahay habka iyo qalabka ay bixiso soo saaraha qalabkaaga. Khatarta ah inaan ku celineyno nafteena, had iyo jeer akhri dukumentiyada^{(always read the documentation)} ay bixiso soo saaraha qalabkaaga! Taasi waa meesha aad ka heli doonto tillaabooyinka cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka saxda ah ee aad u baahan doonto inaad qaado.

Miyaad si joogto ah u cusboonaysiisaa firmware-ka aaladahaaga?

Firmware waa mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee qalab kasta oo "smart" ah. Waa shayga ka dhigaya qalabku inuu ogaado waxa, goorta, iyo sida loo sameeyo waxyaabaha ay tahay inuu sameeyo. Iyo sida software kasta, firmware sidoo kale waa la hagaajin karaa. Waxaa laga yaabaa in soo saaraha qalabkaagu uu si joogto ah ugu soo bandhigo xirmooyin firmware cusub. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa in aad si xaqiiqo ah u cusboonaysiiso firmware-ga qalabkaaga inta badan ee suurtogalka ah. Laakin haddii sidaas la sameeyo iyada oo aan la helin tillaabooyin badbaado oo habboon ama lagu degdego waxay u horseedi kartaa natiijooyin xun. Kahor intaadan samayn wax cusbooneysiin ah oo firmware ah oo ku saabsan aaladahaaga, iska hubi inaad soo martay tillaabo kasta oo aan ku muujinnay hagahan. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay kaa badbaadiso dhibaato badan.

How to do a firmware update for any kind of device -

Firmware іs essential for many types of devices. It's that "built-іn software" (microcode) that's responsible for mаking our dеvicеs do thеir јоbs, or more precisely, mаke them power on and function. Firmware, like any other programmіng, can be improved over time. Whether it's for repairing bugs or adding new functions to a device, firmware updates can make everything better. Do yоu know how to do a firmware update for уour devices? Would yоu like to learn morе about firmware updates and the stepѕ you should take for that? Read on:

What is a firmware update?

The devices we use are powered by two things: the hardware inside them and the firmware that makes them tick. The firmware embedded on a device is the software that makes the hardware work as it should. All devices and hardware have firmware: smartphones have firmware, tablets have firmware, routers have firmware, even our smart TVs have firmware. Firmware is programmed by the manufacturers of hardware components straight from the factory. If you want to learn more about what firmware is and why it's essential, this article provides additional insight: What is firmware? What does it do?.

Like any software, firmware can also be improved: bugs can be found and repaired, new features can be added. Whenever a manufacturer releases new firmware for one of its devices that you own, you can take it and upgrade its firmware with the new version. That's called a firmware update.

Firmware update on a printer made by Canon

However, updating the firmware can be a dangerous job that, if not done the right way, can render your device non-functional. Or, like some would say: bad firmware updates turn functioning hardware into bricks. That's why, in the following sections of this article, we're going to show you the best practices for updating the firmware on any device. If you're careful and you do it right, the risks should be minimal.

Step 1. Know the model of your device and what firmware it uses

First of all, you need to find out if there is a firmware update available for your device. To do that, you first need to know your device's exact model name and the current firmware on it. Depending on what kind of device you have, you can find information about the model of your device and its firmware version in various ways:

• It is printed on the package box of your device.
• Printed on a sticker or directly onto your device, usually on its backside.
• Some devices come with bundled administration software. For instance, solid-state drives from Samsung offer an app called Samsung Magician, and Intel's SSDs come with Intel Solid-State Drive Toolbox. If the manufacturer of your device offers such an app, it probably shows the model of your device and the firmware version on it.
• Some devices offer a web interface, like routers, firewalls, DVRs, or IP cameras. This web interface shows their name and firmware version in one of their web administration panels.
• Some devices that have a display, like smart TVs, show their model name and their firmware version inside their menus with settings.

The firmware version of a Samsung SSD is shown by the Samsung Magician app

Step 2. Check if there is a firmware update available for your device

Once you know the exact model name and the current firmware version on your device, it's time to check whether an update is available. To do that, go online and look for the support website offered by your device's manufacturer. If you don't know which website to go to, you can either search with Google or Bing or look for the website's address on your device's manual. It should be listed there.

Then, on the manufacturer's support website, look for a Drivers, Firmware, or Download section. Check if your device is listed and whether there are any new firmware updates available. Be very careful to identify your device precisely. A single letter or different number in its name can mean that you're looking at a different model than your own. Updating the firmware of your device with that from another device, even if only slightly different, can likely lead to a bricked device.

The BIOS & Firmware webpage of a motherboard made by ASUS

If you find a firmware version that's newer than the one on your device, go ahead and download it. Another thing to look for is whether your device's manufacturer also provides a dedicated software tool for writing the new firmware. Depending on your device, some manufacturers can also include an executable file that you can use to write the new firmware. If that's the case for you, then you should also download this tool.

Step 3. Prepare your device for the firmware update

Now that you have the new firmware update stored on your computer and ready to be written to your device, it's time to prepare the device for this process. There are a few essential things that you should do:

• Read the Readme file that is distributed with the new firmware update. If you see a Readme, don't overlook it, as it probably contains essential information about the firmware and its upgrade procedure.
• Always use a reliable power supply for your device during the firmware update process. If you start updating the firmware on your device and the power is cut off, your device will be bricked. That's why we recommend you to use an uninterruptible power supply connected to your device. Even if you update the firmware on your smart TV - you should plug it into your UPS. It's the only 100% safe way to do it.
• If you use a computer to update a device's firmware, make sure that the computer has no third-party antivirus running on it. Having an antivirus installed for protection is always a good thing, except during firmware updates. It might think that the firmware update process is malicious, and, as such, it could block the update. You don't want that. Temporarily disable your antivirus software until you finish the firmware upgrade.
• If you're going to update the firmware on a device using a USB memory stick or any other kind of external memory, make sure that you use a memory stick of good quality. A USB memory stick or an external hard drive with bad blocks might lead to a failed firmware update.

Step 4. Backup the current firmware from your device

We're almost ready to start the firmware update. But, before we get to that, there's one more important thing to do. If you're going to do this by the book, you might first want to make a backup of your current firmware, like a professional. If anything goes wrong with the firmware update process, you still have a chance to recover your device and bring it to a working condition.

Not all devices allow you to save a copy of their current firmware, but if you can make a backup for the firmware on your device, do it!

Step 5. How to do a firmware update for your device

The final step: update your device's firmware. Depending on the device type and how its manufacturer designed the firmware update process, things can be either easy or complicated.

For your average wireless router, all you have to do is launch its web interface in your favorite web browser, head to the firmware settings, point to the new firmware's location, and start the update process.

Firmware upgrade for an ASUS router

Other types of devices have different firmware update processes. For example, Intel SSD drives use a tool called Intel SSD Toolbox, which is easy to use. All you need to do is head to the Firmware Update section and press Update. The app does everything, and all you have to do is reboot your PC for the firmware upgrade to finish.

Intel Solid-State Drive Toolbox lets you do a firmware update for Intel SSDs

For your smart TV or your media player, updating firmware usually means placing the new firmware file(s) on a USB memory stick, plugging it into your device, and pressing an Upgrade button from the settings menu.

Firmware update on an LG smart TV

And for your PC's motherboard firmware (aka BIOS), it could mean using specific ways recommended by the manufacturer, available either as an app for Windows or as a tool that's built into your UEFI BIOS. But, we've already talked about this in a previous guide on how to upgrade the BIOS. You can find it here: How to update the BIOS of your motherboard.

BIOS update for an ASUS motherboard

These are just a few examples. The firmware upgrade process might be different for your device. It all depends on the approach and the tools offered by the manufacturer of your device. With the risk of repeating ourselves, always read the documentation provided by the manufacturer of your device! That's the place where you'll find the exact firmware update steps you'll need to take.

Do you update the firmware of your devices regularly?

Firmware is one of the most critical parts of any "smart" device. It's that thing that makes hardware know what, when, and how to do the things it's supposed to do. And just like any software, firmware too can be improved. Maybe the manufacturer of your device offers new firmware packages for it regularly. In that case, you should definitely upgrade the firmware of your device as often as possible. But doing so without proper safety measures or doing it in a hurry can lead to disastrous results. Before doing any firmware updates for your devices, make sure that you walked through every step we've shown in this guide. It may save you from a lot of trouble.

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