Sida kombuyuutarrada ku salaysan Windows, Mac wuxuu leeyahay faylka martida loo yahay si uu u habeeyo sida mashiinkaagu ugu xidhmo shabakadaha internetka^(Internet) . Faylkan waxa uu ka kooban yahay tixraacyo mareegaha iyo cinwaannada IP-ga, waxaadna siyaabo kala duwan ugu isticmaali kartaa Mac -gaaga .

Mid ka mid ah sababaha aad u rabto inaad wax ka beddesho faylka martida loo yahay ee ^{(edit the hosts file)}Mac -gaaga ayaa ah inaad xannibto boggaga internetka. Waa hab aad u wanaagsan oo looga hortago in qaar ka mid ah mareegaha laga galo mashiinkaaga. Isticmaalka labaad ee suurtogalka ah waa inaad ku tijaabiso mareegahaaga maxalli ahaan mashiinkaaga. Waxaad heli kartaa faylka martida loo yahay inuu u wareejiyo magacaaga domain ee aad dooratay dariiqa shabakada kaydinta deegaankaaga.

Mac Hosts Goobta Faylka^{(Mac Hosts File Location)}

Maadaama tafatirka faylka martida loo yahay uu yahay hawl halis ah, Apple waxay si ula kac ah ugu dhejisay gal gaar ah nidaamkaaga. Taasi waa in laga hortago isticmaalayaasha inay wax ka beddelaan iyaga oo aan aqoon habboon u lahayn oo ay waxyeello u geystaan ​​nidaamka oo dhan.

Isticmaalayaasha xiisaha leh ee halkaas jooga, jidku waa /etc/hosts/ oo waxaad ku geli kartaa adigoo isticmaalaya daaqad Terminal ah.^(Terminal)

Wax ka beddel faylka martida loo yahay Mac^{(Edit Hosts File On Mac)}

Way fududahay in la tafatiro faylka martida loo yahay ee Mac kaaga maadaama uu jiro tafatire ku dhex jira oo lagu sameeyo. Waxay ku taal gudaha Terminalka^(Terminal) waxaana loo yaqaannaa tafatiraha nano. Waxaad u isticmaali kartaa inaad furto oo aad wax ka beddesho fayl kasta oo qoraal ah oo ay ku jiraan faylka martida loo yahay ee mashiinkaaga.

Hubi^(Make) inaad isticmaalayso koontada maamulka si aad u samayso tillaabooyinka soo socda.

1. Guji Launchpad Dock, raadi Terminal , oo bilow.

1. Ku qor amarka soo socda Terminalka^(Terminal) oo tabo Gelida^(Enter) . Waxay furi doontaa faylka martida loo yahay tafatiraha nano.
   
   sudo nano /etc/hosts

1. Maadaama ay tahay amar sudo, waxay ku weydiin doontaa inaad geliso eraygaaga sirta ah. Geli erayga sirta ah oo sii wad

1. Faylku hadda waa inuu furnaa shaashaddaada oo waxaad bilaabi kartaa tafatirkiisa.

Fahamka Faylka Martigelinta Mac^{(Understanding The Mac Hosts File)}

Haddii aadan horey u tafatirin faylka martida loo yahay, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u aragto faylka xoogaa adag in lagu shaqeeyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma adka in wax laga beddelo sida ay u muuqato.

Mid ka mid ah gelinta aad ka heli doonto faylka waa 127.0.0.1 localhost .

Qaybta koowaad ee lambaradu waa cinwaanka IP-ga ee Mac kaaga . Qaybta labaad ee ay ku leedahay magaca martida loo yahay waa waxa aad isticmaasho si aad u gasho cinwaanka IP-gaas.

Labada qaybood ee kor ku xusan, marka la isku daro, u jiheeyaan dhammaan weydiimaha localhost ciwaanka IP 127.0.0.1 . Markaad gasho localhost biraawsarkaaga, barowsarkaaga wuxuu eegayaa faylka martida loo yahay, wuxuu helayaa cinwaanka IP-ga ee la cayimay, wuxuuna ku geynayaa ciwaanka IP-ga.

Marka la soo koobo, faylka martida loo yahay waa wax aan ahayn isku darka cinwaannada IP iyo magacyada domain. Waxaad kuwan u beddeli kartaa si kasta oo aad rabto si aad u gaadho natiijooyinka la rabo.

Ku Habee Jihaynta Faylka Martigelinta^{(Set Up Redirects With The Hosts File)}

Mid ka mid ah waxyaalihii aad ku samayn karto faylka martida loo yahay waa inaad dejiso jihooyin. Waxaad yeelan kartaa magac domain barta shay gabi ahaanba ka duwan waxa loo malaynayo in lagu tilmaamo.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad isku dayayso inaad yarayso isticmaalkaaga warbaahinta bulshada, waxaad yeelan kartaa domains sida facebook.com u jiheeyahaaga biraawsarkaaga bogagga sida, dheh, Wikipedia . Waxaad isticmaali kartaa wax ku saabsan domain kasta iyo cinwaanka IP ee aad rabto.

Aan eegno sida aad u dejisan karto dib u habeynta sare adoo isticmaalaya faylka martida loo yahay^{(set up the above redirection using the hosts file)} .

1. Inta uu faylku ka furan yahay tafatiraha nano, isticmaal furayaasha fallaadha si aad u keento curcurkaaga halka uu ku dhammaanayo localhost . Dabadeed taabo Gelida^(Enter) si aad u geliso khad cusub.

1. Xariiqda cusub ee aad hadda ku dartay, ku qor ciwaanka IP-ga meesha aad rabto inaad u jihayso goobta isha. Waxaan isticmaali doonaa 103.102.166.224 , kaas oo ah cinwaanka IP-ga Wikipedia.

1. Riix furaha tab ee kiiboodhkaaga si aad u tagto goobta goobta laga soo xigtay.
2. Halkan, ku qor magaca domainka ee lagu hagaajinayo ciwaanka IP-ga ee aad hore u qortay. Waxaan isticmaali doonaa facebook.com halkan.

1. Marka isbeddellada la sameeyo, taabo furayaasha Ctrl + O ee kumbuyuutarkaaga si aad u kaydiso faylka.
2. Riix Gelida^(Enter) si aad u xaqiijiso falka
3. Riix furayaasha Ctrl + X si aad u xirto tifaftiraha nano.
4. Hadda waxaad u baahan tahay inaad daadiso kaydka DNS si isbeddelada loo dhaqangeliyo. Si aad taas u samayso, ku qor amarka soo socda Terminal- ka oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) .
   
   dscacheutil -flushcache

1. Fur browser, ku qor facebook.com , oo ku dhufo Gelida^(Enter) . Waxaad ka heli doontaa inay furto Wikipedia halkii Facebook laga furi lahaa .

Talo degdeg ah: Sida loo helo ciwaanka IP-ga ee mareegaha^{(Quick Tip: How To Find a Website’s IP Address)}

Sida aad ku arki karto habka kor ku xusan, waxaad u baahan tahay cinwaanka IP-ga ee goobta aad rabto inaad dadka u soo jeediso. Haddii aadan horey u aqoon, waxaad isticmaali kartaa amar ku yaal Terminal si aad u ogaato cinwaanka IP-ga ee shabakad kasta^{(find out the IP address of any website)} .

1. Daaqadda Terminalka^(Terminal) , ku qor amarka soo socda oo ku dhufo Gelida^(Enter) . Hubi inaad ku beddesho wikipedia.org bogga aad dooratay.
   
   ping wikipedia.org

1. Waxay ku tusi doontaa ciwaanka IP-ga shaashaddaada Taasi waa waxa aad ku isticmaali karto faylka martida loo yahay.

Xiro Mareegaha Internetka Adigoo Tafatiraya Faylka Martigeliyayaasha ee Mac^{(Block Websites By Editing The Hosts File On Mac)}

Waxa ugu weyn ee ku saabsan faylka martida loo yahay waa inay kuu ogolaato inaad xannibto boggaga^{(it lets you block sites)} adigoon u baahnayn inaad ku rakibto barnaamij kasta oo dhinac saddexaad ah Mac -gaaga . Waxaad ku dari kartaa galitaanka faylka oo dhammaan codsiyada isku xirka gelitaankaas waa la diidi doonaa.

1. Ku billow faylka martida loo yahay tafatiraha nano sida kor ku cad.
2. Keen cursorkaaga halka gelitaanka localhost uu ku dhammaanayo oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) si aad ugu darto khad cusub.
3. Ku qor cinwaanka IP-ga 127.0.0.1 oo taabo Tab on your keyboard.
4. Geli^(Enter) magaca domainka ee goobta aad rabto inaad xannibto. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad xannibto Instagram , ku qor instagram.com .

1. Riix Ctrl + O si aad u badbaadiso isbedelada.
2. Riix Ctrl + X si aad u xirto faylka.
3. Ku qor amarka soo socda oo taabo Gelida^(Enter) si aad u daadiso kaydka DNS.
   
   dscacheutil -flushcache

Hadda mar kasta oo aad isku daydo inaad gasho goobta la xannibay, waxay ku geyn doontaa localhost taasoo tusi doonta bogga qaladka.

Faylka martigeliyaha Mac wuxuu ku siinayaa habab badan oo aad ku ciyaarto codsiyada shabakada socda, oo waad xannibi kartaa oo aad ka furi kartaa iyaga sidaad rabto. Horay ma u isticmaashay faylka martida loo yahay Mac kaaga ? Haddii ay jirto, maxaa loogu talagalay? Noogu sheeg faallooyinka hoose.

How to Edit the Hosts File on Mac

Like Windows-based computers, Mac has a hosts fіle to configure how yоur machine connectѕ to the websitеs on the Іnternet. This file соntains references to websites and IP addresѕes, and you can uѕe it in manу different ways on your Mac.

One of the reasons you may want to edit the hosts file on your Mac is to block websites. It’s a great way to block certain websites from being accessed on your machine. The second possible usage is to test out your own websites locally on your machine. You can have the hosts file redirect your chosen domain name to the network path of your local storage.

Mac Hosts File Location

Since editing the hosts file is a risky task, Apple has intentionally placed it in a private folder on your system. That’s to prevent users from modifying it without proper knowledge and causing damage to the entire system.

For the curious users out there, the path is /etc/hosts/ and you can access it using a Terminal window.

Edit Hosts File On Mac

It’s fairly easy to edit the hosts file on your Mac since there’s a built-in editor to do it. It’s located inside the Terminal and is called nano editor. You can use it to open and edit any text file including the hosts file on your machine.

Make sure you’re using an admin account to do the following steps.

1. Click on Launchpad in the Dock, search for Terminal, and launch it.

1. Type the following command into the Terminal and press Enter. It’ll open the hosts file in the nano editor.
   
   sudo nano /etc/hosts

1. Since it’s a sudo command, it’ll ask you to enter your password. Enter the password and continue.

1. The file should now be open on your screen and you can start editing it.

Understanding The Mac Hosts File

If you haven’t edited a hosts file before, you might find the file a bit complicated to work with. However, it’s not as difficult to edit it as it looks.

One of the entries you’ll find in the file is 127.0.0.1 localhost.

The first section with numbers is the local IP address for your Mac. The second section where it has the host name is what you use to access that IP address.

The above two parts, when combined together, redirect all the localhost queries to the IP address 127.0.0.1. When you enter localhost in your browser, your browser looks into the hosts file, obtains the specified IP address, and takes you to that IP address.

In a nutshell, the hosts file is nothing but a combination of IP addresses and domain names. You can modify these in any way you want to achieve desired results.

Set Up Redirects With The Hosts File

One of the things you can do with the hosts file is to set up redirects. You can have a domain name point to something completely different than what it’s supposed to point to.

For example, if you’re trying to cut down on your social media usage, you can have domains like facebook.com redirect your browser to sites like, say, Wikipedia. You can use just about any domain and IP address you want.

Let’s take a look at how you can set up the above redirection using the hosts file.

1. While the file is open in the nano editor, use the arrow keys to bring your cursor to where localhost ends. Then press Enter to add a new line for your entry.

1. In the new line that you just added, type the IP address where you want to redirect the source domain to. We’ll use 103.102.166.224, which is Wikipedia’s IP address.

1. Press the Tab key on your keyboard to get to the source domain field.
2. Here, type the domain name that is to be redirected to the IP address you typed earlier. We’ll use facebook.com here.

1. Once the changes are made, press the Ctrl + O keys on your keyboard to save the file.
2. Press Enter to confirm the action.
3. Press the Ctrl + X keys to close the nano editor.
4. You now need to flush the DNS cache to bring the changes into effect. To do it, type the following command into the Terminal and press Enter.
   
   dscacheutil -flushcache

1. Open a browser, type facebook.com, and hit Enter. You’ll find it opens Wikipedia rather than Facebook.

Quick Tip: How To Find a Website’s IP Address

As you can see in the above procedure, you need the IP address of the site that you want to redirect people to. If you don’t already know it, you can use a command in the Terminal to find out the IP address of any website.

1. In the Terminal window, type the following command and hit Enter. Make sure to replace wikipedia.org with the website of your choice.
   
   ping wikipedia.org

1. It’ll display an IP address on your screen. That’s what you can use in the hosts file.

Block Websites By Editing The Hosts File On Mac

The great thing about the hosts file is it lets you block sites without requiring you to install any third-party apps on your Mac. You can add an entry to the file and all the connection requests to that entry will be denied.

1. Launch the hosts file in the nano editor as shown above.
2. Bring your cursor where the localhost entry ends and press Enter to add a new line.
3. Type in the IP address 127.0.0.1 and press Tab on your keyboard.
4. Enter the domain name of the site that you want to block. For example, if you want to block Instagram, type instagram.com.

1. Press Ctrl + O to save the changes.
2. Press Ctrl + X to close the file.
3. Type the following command and press Enter to flush the DNS cache.
   
   dscacheutil -flushcache

Now each time you try to access the blocked site, it’ll take you to the localhost which will show an error page.

The Mac hosts file provides you with many ways to play around with outgoing network requests, and you can block and unblock them as you wish. Have you used the hosts file on your Mac before? If so, what was it for? Let us know in the comments below.

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