Haddii aad xidid ku leedahay PC-gaaga Linux , waxaad awood u leedahay inaad tirtirto fayl kasta ama hagaha aad jeceshahay. Tani waxay noqon kartaa khatar, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalabyada sida rm u ogolaanaya isticmaalayaasha inay si taxadar la'aan ah u tirtiraan faylasha nidaamka muhiimka ah shil. Taasi waa sababta, haddii aad isku dayeyso inaad tirtirto faylasha ama hagaha Linux , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad qaadato taxaddar.

Waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo aad uga saari karto hagaha ama faylasha Linux , adoo isticmaalaya midkood maamulaha faylka qaybinta Linux ama terminal furan (ilaa inta aad haysato ogolaanshaha saxda ah^{(right permissions)} ). Haddii aad rabto inaad ogaato sida loo tirtiro faylka ama tusaha Linux , halkan waa waxa aad u baahan doonto inaad sameyso.

Isticmaalka Maareeyaha Faylka si aad uga saarto Faylasha ama Hagaha Linux^{(Using a File Manager to Remove Files or Directories in Linux)}

Haddii aad tahay bilaw Linux^{(Linux beginner)} , waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ka digtoonaato isticmaalka terminalka si aad u tirtirto faylasha ama faylalka Linux . Ka dib oo dhan, ma jirto dib u soo noqoshada markaad dejiso amar sida rm off si aad u bilowdo tirtirka faylasha. Halkii aad halis gelin lahayd tan, waxaad isticmaali kartaa maamulaha faylka oo ku baakadeysan qaybinta Linux -kaaga si aad u tirtirto faylalka ama faylalka. 

Iyadoo maamulayaasha faylka Linux ay ku kala duwan yihiin naqshadeynta, waa inay u shaqeeyaan si la mid ah. Hagahan waxa uu sahamiyaa sida tan loo sameeyo iyada oo la adeegsanayo maareeyaha faylka Ubuntu, laakiin tillaabooyinka waxay u badan tahay inay la mid noqdaan maareeyaha faylka ee lagu daray qaybinta kale.

1. Si aad u bilowdo, fur maareeyaha faylka gudaha Linux distro kaaga. Tani waa inaysan noqon mid aad u adag in la helo, iyadoo summada isticmaalaha ay u badan tahay inuu u ekaado galka dukumeentiga. On Ubuntu , app this waxaa loogu magac daray Files .

1. Maareeyaha faylkaaga distro, u gudub hagaha ay ku jiraan faylasha ama faylalka hoose ee aad rabto inaad tirtirto. Marka hore^(First) , dooro faylasha ama galka aad rabto inaad tirtirto. Marka la doorto, midig-guji iyaga oo dooro U guuri Qashinka, U dhaqaaq Bin,^{(Move to Trash, Move to Bin,)} ama Tirtir^(Delete) , iyadoo ku xidhan qaybintaada iyo deegaankaaga. Waxaad sidoo kale dooran kartaa furaha Delete ee kumbuyuutarkaaga si aad u gaarto saameyn la mid ah.

1. Inta badan qaybinta waxay ku shaqeysaa nidaamka qashinka kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad "kaydiso" faylasha ka hor inta aan la tirtirin, taasoo ku siinaysa fursad aad ku soo celiso. Tan waxaa sida caadiga ah laga helaa miiska miiska, sida gelitaanka maamulaha faylkaaga, ama abka ahaan waxaad ka dhex bilaabi kartaa liiska software-kaaga. Si aad u dhamaystirto nidaamka tirtirka, geli galka qashinka, ka dibna dooro ikhtiyaarka maran^{(Empty )} ama tirtir^(Erase) . Doorashadani way kala duwanaan kartaa, iyadoo ku xidhan qaybintaada.

1. Haddii kale, dooro shaygaga (ama alaabtaada), dabadeed midig-guji oo dooro Delete from Trash si aad gabi ahaanba uga saarto.

Sida loo tirtiro faylasha ama hagaha Linux iyadoo la adeegsanayo amarka rm^{(How to Remove Files or Directories in Linux Using the rm Command)}

Ka saarida feylasha ama galka iyadoo la isticmaalayo abka maamulaha faylkaaga qaybinta waxay u shaqeysaa si fiican, laakiin waxaa jira xaddidaadyo. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aadan ahayn milkiilaha faylka, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad furto maamulaha faylkaaga xidid gelitaanka adoo isticmaalaya terminalka si aad u tirtirto. Sidoo kale ma isticmaali kartid app kan oo kale ah rakibaadda Linux madax la'aan (terminal-kaliya)^(Linux)

Taasi waa halka uu ka soo galo amarka rm . Unix taliskani^(Unix) waxa uu dib u dhacay 1971 waxana uu ahaadaa habka ugu dhaqsaha badan ee loo tirtiro faylasha ama hagayaasha Linux^(Linux) . Ka digtoonow, si kastaba ha ahaatee - taliska rm wuxuu leeyahay awood weyn, gaar ahaan haddii aad ku shaqeyneyso sudo ama si toos ah isticmaalaha xididka , markaa waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ka taxadarto isticmaalka.

1. Si aad meesha uga saarto hal fayl adigoo isticmaalaya rm , fur daaqad cusub oo terminal ah (ama xidhiidhinta fog ee SSH ) oo ku qor rm file , adigoo ku bedelaya faylka^(file) magaca faylka saxda ah. Haddii aadan ku jirin hagaha isku mid ah, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad isticmaasho cd si aad ugu guurto marka hore, ama isticmaal dariiqa faylka oo buuxa (tusaale. rm /path/to/file ).

1. Si aad meesha uga saarto faylal badan, ku qor rm file1 file2 , adigoo ku beddelaya file1 iyo file2 oo wata magaca faylka saxda ah iyo dariiqa faylka. Waxaad ku dari kartaa faylal dheeri ah amarkan si aad meesha uga saarto in ka badan laba.

1. Haddii aad rabto in aad ka saarto hagaha madhan Linux , ku qor rm-d directory , adigoo ku beddelaya tusaha^{(directory )} magaca iyo dariiqa saxda ah. Haddii tusaha aanu faaruqin oo uu leeyahay fayl-hoosaadyo ama faylal, ku qor rm-r directory , ku beddel tusaha^{(directory )} magaca iyo waddada saxda ah. 

1. Waxa kale oo aad hal mar ka saari kartaa hagayaal badan adiga oo ku qoraya rm -r directory1, directory2 , iwm.

1. Haddii aad rabto in aad tirtirto dhammaan faylasha ama hagayaasha ku habboon faylka qayb ahaan ama magaca tusaha, waxaad isticmaali kartaa calaamado duurjoog ah, sida calaamad ( * ). Si tan loo sameeyo, ku qor rm fil* ama rm -r dir* , adigoo ku beddelaya meel-hayeyaasha fil ama dir magacyada faylkaaga iyo waddooyinka hagaha.

1. Haddii faylka ama hagaha la ilaaliyo, waxa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad xoog tirtirto. Si aad tan u samayso, ku qor rm-rf path ,^{(path )} adigoo ku beddelaya dariiqa meel-haystaha hagaha saxda ah ama dariiqa faylka. Amarkani wuxuu xanbaarsan yahay khatar aad u daran^{(carries extreme risk)} , markaa iska hubi in dariiqa aad isticmaalayso uu yahay mid sax ah ka hor intaadan sii wadin.

1. Haddii aad ka welwelsan tahay isticmaalka amarka rm -rf , waxaad ku qasbi kartaa rm inuu codsado xaqiijin ka hor inta aan fayl kasta ama hagaha la tirtirin. Si tan loo sameeyo, isticmaal jidka rm-i,^{(rm -i path, )} adigoo ku beddelaya dariiqa^(path) magaca faylkaaga ama dariiqa hagaha. Hagaha, isticmaal jidka rm-ir beddelka^{(rm -ir path )} . Geli kasta, dooro furaha Y ee kiiboodhkaaga, ka dibna dooro Geli^(Enter) si aad u xaqiijiso.

Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato fursadaha rm ee suurtogalka ah iyo doodaha, ku qor man shred in terminalka si aad u aragto buug-gacmeedka oo buuxa.

Si Buuxda U Tirtiraya Faylasha Anoo Adeegsanaya Taliska La Goostay^{(Completely Erasing Files Using the shred Command)}

Iyadoo amarrada sida rm iyo unlink ay ku fiican yihiin tirtiridda faylasha Linux , waxay ka tagaan raad raac. Adiga (ama qof kale) waxaad isticmaali kartaa raad-raacyadan si aad uga soo ceshato faylalka^{(recover files)} darawalka adag ama kaydinta la qaadi karo ee aad hore u tirtirtay. Tani waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan ku fiicneyn, gaar ahaan haddii aadan rabin in faylasha la soo saaro.

Si aad u xalliso dhibaatadan, waxaad dib u qori kartaa faylasha marka hore adoo isticmaalaya amarka shred . Tani waxay hubinaysaa in dhammaan xogta ku jirta faylka si isdaba joog ah loo qoray ka hor inta aan la tirtirin, iyada oo hubinaysa in aan raad galka laga tegin kana hortagaysa in la soo saaro. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad isticmaasho amarkan si aad u tirtirto dukumeentiyada xasaasiga ah, tusaale ahaan.

1. Si tan loo sameeyo, fur daaqada terminal ama samee xiriir fog adoo isticmaalaya SSH oo ku qor faylka shred^{(shred file)} , adigoo ku bedelaya faylka^(file) magacaaga iyo dariiqaaga. Haddii aadan rabin inaad bixiso dariiqa faylka, isticmaal cd si aad ugu safartid tusaha ka kooban faylka ama hagaha hoose ee aad rabto inaad marka hore saarto.

1. Amarka la gooyay^(shred) wuxuu leeyahay xuduudo dheeraad ah oo aad gudbi karto si loo hubiyo in faylkaaga si badbaado leh loo tirtiray. Tusaale ahaan, shred -f waxay ku qasbi doontaa in la tirtiro feylasha la ilaaliyo ee qorista, halka shred -u uu hubin doono in faylka gabi ahaanba meesha laga saaray marka la gooyo, hubinta inuusan mar dambe ka muuqan maamulaha faylkaaga ama adoo isticmaalaya amarka ls .

1. Haddii aad rabto in aad dib u qorto faylka in ka badan heerka caadiga ah ee 3 jeer, isticmaal shred -n 0 , ku beddel 0 oo leh qiime nambaro kale. Haddii aad rabto inaad qariso saamaynta la gooyay, isticmaal shred -z si aad ugu qasbiso isticmaalka orodka ugu dambeeya ee ku beddelaya faylka eber.

1. Amarka la jaray^(shred) caadi ahaan wax natiijo ah kama soo saaro terminaalka. Haddii aad rabto inaad aragto faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan waxa ay qabanayso marka ay socoto, isticmaal shred -v beddelkeeda.

Sida rm , waxaad wax badan ka baran kartaa adigoo ku dhejinaya man shred ee terminalka ka hor intaadan isticmaalin amarka.

Ka ilaalinta faylashaada Nidaamyada Linux^{(Protecting Your Files on Linux Systems)}

Markaad ka saarto tusaha ama feylka Linux , waxaad u bannaynaysaa meel ka mid ah darawalkaaga adag faylalka dhabta ah ee muhiimka ah, haddii ay tahay dukumeenti muhiim ah ama sawiro aan la bedeli karin. Dhib malahan haddii aad isticmaalayso Linux Mint ama qayb kale oo weyn^{(other major distribution)} , sida tillaabooyinka kor ku xusan waa inay u shaqeeyaan ku dhawaad ​​​​distro kasta oo Linux ah^(Linux) oo aad doorato inaad isticmaasho.

Haddii aad ka welwelsan tahay luminta xogta, waxaa jira tallaabooyin aad qaadi karto si aad u ilaaliso faylashaada. Iyadoo nidaamyada Linux ay caadi ahaan ammaan badan yihiin, fayraska Linux^{(Linux antivirus)} wuxuu kaa caawin karaa inaad ka ilaaliso faylashaada malware-ka ku faafi kara shabakadaada deegaanka. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad si otomaatig ah u samayso kaydka faylka^{(automating a file backup)} adoo isticmaalaya kaydinta maxaliga ah ama daruuraha, sidoo kale.

How to Delete a File or Directory in Linux

If you have root access on your Linux PC, you have the power to delete any file or directory you like. This can be dangerous, hоwever, with tools lіke rm allowing users to carelessly erase crucial system files by accident. That’s why, if you’re trying to delete files or directories in Linux, you need to take some precautions.

There are a few ways you can remove directories or files on Linux, using either your Linux distribution’s file manager or an open terminal (as long as you have the right permissions). If you want to know how to delete a file or directory in Linux, here’s what you’ll need to do.

Using a File Manager to Remove Files or Directories in Linux

If you’re a Linux beginner, you might be wary about using the terminal to delete files or folders in Linux. After all, there’s no turning back once you set a command like rm off to start deleting files. Rather than risk this, you can use the file manager packaged with your Linux distribution to delete files or folders instead. 

While Linux file managers do vary in design, they should work in much the same way. This guide explores how to do this using Ubuntu’s file manager, but the steps are likely to be similar for the file manager included in other distributions.

1. To start, open the file manager on your Linux distro. This shouldn’t be too hard to find, with the user icon likely in the shape of a document folder. On Ubuntu, this app is named Files.

1. In your distro’s file manager, navigate to the directory containing the files or subfolders you wish to delete. First, select the files or folders you wish to delete. Once they’re selected, right-click on them and select Move to Trash, Move to Bin, or Delete, depending on your distribution and locale. You can also select the Delete key on your keyboard to achieve the same effect.

1. Most distributions operate a trash system that allows you to “store” files before they’re deleted, giving you the chance to restore them. This is typically found on the desktop, as an entry in your file manager, or as an app you can launch in your software menu. To complete the deletion process, enter the trash folder, then select the Empty or Erase option. These options may vary, depending on your distribution.

1. Alternatively, select your item (or items), then right-click and select Delete from Trash to completely remove them instead.

How to Remove Files or Directories in Linux Using the rm Command

Removing files or folders using your distribution’s file manager app works fine, but there are some limitations. For instance, if you’re not the owner of the file, you’ll need to open your file manager with root access using the terminal to delete it. You also can’t use an app like this on a headless (terminal-only) Linux installation.

That’s where the rm command comes in. This Unix command dates back to 1971 and remains the fastest way to delete files or directories on Linux. Be warned, however—the rm command has great power, especially if you’re running it with sudo or as the root user directly, so you’ll need to take care using it.

1. To remove a single file using rm, open a new terminal window (or remote SSH connection) and type rm file, replacing file with the correct file name. If you’re not in the same directory, you’ll need to use cd to move to it first, or use the full file path (eg. rm /path/to/file) instead.

1. To remove multiple files, type rm file1 file2, replacing file1 and file2 with the correct file name and file path. You can add additional files to this command to remove more than two.

1. If you want to remove an empty directory on Linux, type rm -d directory, replacing directory with the correct directory name and path. If the directory isn’t empty and has sub-folders or files, type rm -r directory, replacing directory with the correct name and path. 

1. You can also remove multiple directories at once by typing rm -r directory1, directory2, etc.

1. If you want to remove all files or directories that match a partial file or directory name, you can use wildcards, such as an asterisk (*). To do this, type rm fil* or rm -r dir*, replacing the placeholders fil or dir with your own file names and directory paths.

1. If the file or directory is protected, you may need to force its deletion. To do this, type rm -rf path, replacing the placeholder path with the correct directory or file path. This command carries extreme risk, so make sure the path you’re using is correct before you proceed.

1. If you’re worried about using the rm -rf command, you can force rm to ask for confirmation before each file or directory is erased. To do this, use rm -i path, replacing path with your own file name or directory path. For directories, use rm -ir path instead. For each entry, select the Y key on your keyboard, then select Enter to confirm.

If you want to learn more about the possible rm options and arguments, type man shred in the terminal to view the full manual.

Completely Erasing Files Using the shred Command

While commands like rm and unlink are great for deleting files in Linux, they do leave traces. You (or somebody else) could use these traces to recover files from a hard drive or portable storage that you’ve previously deleted. This might not be ideal, especially if you don’t want the files to be retrieved.

To get around this problem, you can overwrite files first using the shred command. This makes sure that all data within the file is overwritten repeatedly before it’s deleted, ensuring no traces of the file are left and preventing it from being retrieved. You may want to use this command to erase sensitive documents, for instance.

1. To do this, open a terminal window or make a connection remotely using SSH and type shred file, replacing file with your own file name and path. If you don’t want to provide the path to the file, use cd to travel to the directory containing the file or sub-directory you wish to remove first.

1. The shred command has additional parameters that you can pass to ensure your file is safely deleted. For instance, shred -f will force the deletion of write-protected files, while shred -u will ensure the file is completely removed once shredded, ensuring it no longer appears in your file manager or using the ls command.

1. If you want to overwrite the file more than the standard 3 times, use shred -n 0, replacing 0 with an alternative numerical value. If you want to hide the shred effect, use shred -z to force it to use a final run that overwrites the file with zeros.

1. The shred command doesn’t typically output any results to the terminal. If you want to see more detail about what it’s doing as it runs, use shred -v instead.

As with rm, you can learn more by typing man shred in the terminal before using the command.

Protecting Your Files on Linux Systems

When you remove a directory or file in Linux, you’re freeing up space on your hard drive for the files that truly matter, whether it’s important documents or irreplaceable photos. It doesn’t matter whether you’re using Linux Mint or any other major distribution, as the steps above should work for almost any Linux distro you choose to use.

If you’re worried about data loss, there are some steps you can take to protect your files. While Linux systems are typically more secure, a Linux antivirus can help you to keep your files safe from malware that could spread across your local network. You may want to consider automating a file backup using local or cloud storage, too.

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