Waxaan isticmaalnaa daraasiin adeegyo iyo codsiyo internetka ah maalin kasta si aan u dirno oo aan u helno iimaylo iyo fariimo qoraal ah, u dirno wicitaanno muuqaal ah, u akhrino wararka oo aan u daawano fiidiyowyada khadka, iyo wax ka badan. Waxayna aad u adagtahay in la ilaaliyo oo la sugo xogta waalida ah ee aan soo saarno oo aan isticmaalno maalin kasta.

Haddii ay dhacdo inaad ku fekereyso, "Ma hayo wax aan qariyo," waad qaldan tahay. Qayb kasta oo xog ah oo aad ku sii dayso shabkada oo aad ku guul darreysato inaad sugto waxa loo isticmaali karaa lidkaaga. Gacmaha khaldan, dhibcaha xogtaas waa la soo ururin karaa oo lala xiriirin karaa si loo abuuro profile dhijitaalka ah, kaas oo markaa loo isticmaali karo in lagu sameeyo weerarro khiyaano, been-abuur iyo phishing ah.

Profile-kaaga dhijitaalka ah waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa in lagu galo sirtaada siyaalo dhib badan oo dhib badan sida in lagu tuso xayeysiis la gaaryeelay oo ku salaysan dookhyadaada iyo macluumaadkaaga ugu dhow.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weligeed aad uma dhakhso badan tahay inaad bilowdo ilaalinta macluumaadkaaga dhijitaalka ah indhaha aan loo baahnayn. Marka tan la eego, saaxiibkaaga ugu fiican waa sireed, sayniska xogta xoqista iyadoo la adeegsanayo xisaabta. Sirintu^(Encryption) waxay hubisaa in dadka loogu talagalay keliya ay akhrin karaan xogtaada. Dhinacyada aan la ogalayn ee gala xogtaada waxba ma arki doonaan marka laga reebo farabadan bytes aan la garan karin.

Waa kan sida aad u qarin karto dhammaan xogta aad ku kaydiso qalabkaaga iyo daruuraha dhexdooda.

Siri Xogta Qalabkaga

Marka hore, qaybta fudud. Waa inaad ku bilowdaa sir xogta aad jidh ahaan u hayso. Tan waxa ku jira waxa aad ku kaydisay laptop kaaga, kombayutarka kombayutarka, casriga casriga ah, tablet-ka iyo darawalada la saari karo. Haddii aad lumiso qalabkaaga, waxaad halis u tahay inaad macluumaadka xasaasiga ah geliso gacmo qaldan.

Habka ugu aaminka badan ee lagu sirin karo xogtaada aaladda waa sireeynta diskka buuxa ( FDE ). FDE waxay siraysaa wax kasta oo ku jira aaladda waxayna ka dhigtaa oo keliya xogta la heli karo si loo isticmaalo ka dib marka isticmaaluhu bixiyo sirta ama lambarka sirta^(PIN) ah.

Inta badan nidaamyada hawlgalka waxay taageeraan FDE . Gudaha Windows , waxaad isticmaali kartaa BitLocker si aad u shido sirta-buuxa ee kombiyuutarkaaga. MacOS, sirta-buuxa-buuxa waxaa loo yaqaan FileVault . Waxaad akhrin kartaa hagahayaga tallaabo-tallaabo ee isticmaalka BitLocker iyo FileVault^{(using BitLocker and FileVault)} .

Windows BitLocker waxa kale oo ay taageertaa sirta wadisyada dibadda^{(encrypting external drives)} sida kaararka xusuusta iyo suulka USB-ga . ^(USB)MacOS, waxaad isticmaali kartaa Utility Disk^{(Disk Utility)} si aad u abuurto darawal USB ah oo qarsoon^{(create an encrypted USB drive)} .

Haddii kale, waxaad isku dayi kartaa qalabka sir ah ee hardware. Hardware -yada sir ah waxay u baahan yihiin isticmaalayaasha inay geliyaan lambarka sirta^(PIN) ah ee qalabka ka hor intaysan ku xidhin kombiyuutarka. Dareewalada qarsoodiga ah ayaa ka qaalisan kuwa dhigooda ah ee aan qarsoodi ahayn, laakiin sidoo kale aad bay u ammaan badan yihiin.

Waa inaad sidoo kale sir u gelisaa qalabkaaga moobilka. Sirta aaladda waxay hubin doontaa in qofka aan la oggolayn uusan awoodi doonin inuu galo xogta taleefankaaga, xitaa haddii ay galaan gal jireed. IOS iyo Android labaduba waxay taageeraan sireeynta diskka buuxa. Dhammaan aaladaha Apple ee ku shaqeeya iOS 8.0 iyo wixii ka dambeeyaba waa sir si default ah^{(are encrypted by default)} . Waxaan kugula talineynaa in aad sidaas ku dhaafto.

Muuqaalka muuqaalka Android waa xoogaa kala go'an maadaama nidaamka caadiga ah ee OS iyo is-dhexgalyadu ay ku kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo lagu saleynayo soo saaraha iyo nooca OS. Hubi^(Make) inaad hubiso in kaaga uu sir yahay^{(yours is encrypted)} .

Siri xogtaada daruuraha

Waxaan ku tiirsanahay adeegyada kaydinta daruuraha sida Google Drive , DropBox iyo Microsoft OneDrive si aan u kaydiyo faylashayada oo aan ula wadaagno asxaabta iyo asxaabta. Laakin inta ay adeegyadaasi qabtaan shaqo wanaagsan si ay xogtaada uga ilaaliyaan galaangalka aan la oggolayn, haddana waxay marin u helayaan waxa ku jira faylalka aad ku kaydiso adeegyadooda daruuraha. Sidoo kale kuma ilaalin karaan haddii akoonkaaga la afduubo.

Haddii aadan ku qanacsanayn Google ama Microsoft inay galaangal u yeeshaan faylalkaaga xasaasiga ah, waxaad isticmaali kartaa Boxcryptor . Boxcryptor waxa uu^(Boxcryptor) la mideeyaa adeegyada kaydinta ee caanka ah waxa uuna ku daraa lakabka sirta ah si loo ilaaliyo faylalkaaga ka hor inta aan la gelin daruuraha. Sidan, waxaad ku hubin kartaa in adiga iyo dadka aad la wadaagto faylashaada kaliya ay ogaan doonaan waxa ku jira.

Haddii kale, waxaad isticmaali kartaa adeeg kaydinta kaydinta dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka sir ah ( E2EE ) sida Tresorit . Kahor intaadan kaydin faylashaada daruuraha, adeegyada kaydinta E2EE waxay ku qarinayaan^(E2EE) faylashaada fureyaal aad si gaar ah u hayso, oo xataa adeega kaydiya faylashaada ma geli karo waxa ku jira.

Siri gaadiidkaaga intarneedka

Waxaa laga yaabaa in si la mid ah ay muhiim u tahay sirta faylashaada ay tahay sirta taraafikadaada internetka. Adeeg bixiyahaaga internetka ( ISP ) -ama jilaa xaasidnimo ah oo laga yaabo inuu ku dhuunto shabkada Wi-Fi-ga^(Wi-Fi) ee dadweynaha aad isticmaalayso - waxay awood u yeelan doontaa inay dhagaystaan ​​​​goobaha aad daalacanayso iyo adeegyada iyo codsiyada aad isticmaasho. Waxay u isticmaali karaan macluumaadkaas si ay uga iibiyaan xayaysiiyayaasha ama, xaaladda hackers-ka, waxay u isticmaali karaan adiga.

Si aad uga ilaaliso taraafikadaada intarneetka kuwa sanka iyo xumaanta leh, waxaad iska qori kartaa shabakad gaar loo leeyahay (VPN)^{(virtual private network (VPN))} . Markaad isticmaasho VPN , dhammaan taraafikadaada intarneetka waa la sir ah oo la sii maraa server-ka VPN ka hor intaysan gaarin aayaheeda.

Haddii jilaaga xaasidka ah (ama ISP- gaaga ) uu go'aansado inuu la socdo socodkaaga, waxa kaliya ee ay arki doonaan waa qulqulka xogta sir ah ee ay isweydaarsadaan adiga iyo serverkaaga VPN . Ma awoodi doonaan inay ogaadaan mareegaha iyo codsiyada aad isticmaalayso.

Hal shay oo ay tahay in la tixgeliyo ayaa ah in bixiyahaaga VPN uu wali lahaan doono muuqaal buuxa oo taraafikadaada internetka ah. Haddii aad rabto sir buuxda, waxaad isticmaali kartaa Router basasha (Tor)^{(The Onion Router (Tor))} . Tor , oo ah magaca shabakada mugdiga ah iyo biraawsar magaceedu yahay, waxa ay sir ka dhigtaa taraafikadaada interneedka oo ay ku dhex maraysaa kombiyuutaro kala duwan oo madax banaan oo wata software khaas ah.

Mid ka mid ah kombiyuutarada ku jira shabakada Tor ma jiro aqoon buuxda oo ku saabsan isha iyo meesha uu u socdo taraafikadaada intarneedka, taas oo ku siinaysa sir buuxda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Tor wuxuu la yimaadaa ciqaab xawli ah oo aad u badan, iyo shabakado badan oo xannibaya gaadiidka ka imanaya shabakadda Tor .

Siri iimaylkaaga

Waxaan filayaa inaanan u baahnayn inaan kuu sheego muhiimada ay leedahay ilaalinta iimayladaada. Kaliya^(Just) weydii John Podesta , kaas oo iimaylkiisa la faafiyay laga yaabo in uu madaxiisa ku lumiyo fursadeeda madaxtinimo. Sirta iimayladaada waxay ka ilaalin kartaa xidhiidhkaaga xasaasiga ah ee ka dhanka ah dadka helay gelitaanka aan loo baahnayn. Tani waxay noqon kartaa tuugo jabsada akoonkaaga, ama bixiyaha emailkaaga laftiisa.

Si aad u sirayso iimayladaada, waxaad isticmaali kartaa sir wanaagsan (PGP^{(Pretty Good Privacy (PGP))} ) PGP waa hab-maamuus furan oo adeegsada sirta guud ee gaarka ah si ay u suurtageliso isticmaalayaasha inay isweydaarsadaan iimaylo sir ah. PGP , isticmaale kastaa^(PGP) wuxuu leeyahay dadwayne, oo loo yaqaan qof kasta, kaas oo u suurtageliya isticmaalayaasha kale inay u soo diraan iimaylo sir ah.

Furaha gaarka ah, kaas oo uu yaqaan isticmaaluhu oo keliya oo lagu kaydiyo aaladda isticmaalaha, waxa uu furfuri karaa fariimaha sir ah ee furaha dadweynaha. Haddii qolo aan loo baahnayn soo dhex gasho iimaylka sir ah ee PGP, ma awoodi doonaan inay akhriyaan waxa ku jira. Xitaa haddii ay jebiyaan akoonkaaga iimaylka iyagoo xaday aqoonsigaaga, ma awoodi doonaan inay akhriyaan waxa ku jira iimayladaada qarsoon.

Mid ka mid ah faa'iidooyinka PGP waa in lagu dhex dari karo adeeg kasta oo email ah. Waxaa jira plugins badan oo ku dara taageerada PGP si loogu diro codsiyada macmiilka sida Microsoft Outlook . Haddii aad isticmaalayso macmiilka shabakada sida Gmail ama shabakadaha Yahoo , waxaad isticmaali kartaa Mailvelope , kordhinta browserka kaas oo ku daraya taageerada PGP si sahlan loo isticmaali karo adeegyada emailka ee caanka ah.

Haddii kale, waxaad isku qori kartaa dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka adeega iimaylka sir ah sida ProtonMail . ProtonMail waxay siraysaa^(ProtonMail) iimayladaada iyada oo aan loo baahnayn in la qaado talaabooyin dheeraad ah. Si ka duwan adeegyada sida Gmail iyo Outlook.com , ProtonMail ma awoodi doonto inay akhrido waxa ku jira iimayladaada.

Siri fariimahaaga

Apps-ka fariimaha ayaa noqday qayb aan la kala saari karin oo nolosheenna ah. Waxaa jira daraasiin adeegyo farimo ah oo aad isticmaali karto si aad ula xiriirto qoyska, asxaabta iyo asxaabta. Laakiin waxay bixiyaan heerar kala duwan oo ammaan ah.

Sida fiican, waa inaad isticmaashaa adeegga fariinta oo sir dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka ah. Maalmahan, adeegyada fariimaha ugu caansan waxay bixiyaan sirta dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka. Tusaalooyinka qaarkood waxaa ka mid ah WhatsApp , Signal , Telegram , Viber iyo Wickr .

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kuwa awood u siinaya E2EE sida caadiga ah ayaa aad u ammaan badan. WhatsApp , Signal iyo Wickr waxay awood u siiyeen dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka sirta ahaan.

Sidoo kale, adeegyada fariimaha ee ku salaysan hab-maamuusyada il-furan ayaa ah kuwo la isku halayn karo sababtoo ah waxaa dib u eegi kara khubaro dhinaca warshadaha ah oo madaxbannaan. Habka Signal Protocol^{(Signal Protocol)} , tignoolajiyada E2EE ee awooda WhatsApp iyo Signal , waa hab-maamuus il furan oo ay ansixiyeen khubaro badan oo amniga ah.

How to Encrypt All Your Online and Offline Data

We use dozens of onlinе services and applications every day to send and receive emails and text messages, make video calls, read news and watch videos online, and much morе. And it’s еxtremely hard to keep track and secure the insane amоunt of data we prodυcе and cоnsume every day.

And in case you’re thinking, “I have nothing to hide,” you’re wrong. Every piece of data that you unleash in the web and fail to secure can be used against you. In the wrong hands, those data points can be gathered and correlated to create a digital profile, which can then be used to commit fraud, forgery and phishing attacks against you.

Your digital profile can also be used to invade your privacy in annoying and creepy ways such as showing you ads that are personalized based on your most intimate preferences and information.

However, it’s never too soon to start protecting your digital information from unwanted eyes. In this regard, your best friend is encryption, the science of scrambling data using mathematics. Encryption makes sure only intended people can read your data. Unauthorized parties who access your data will see nothing but a bunch of undecipherable bytes.

Here’s how you can encrypt all the data you store on your devices and in the cloud.

Encrypt Your On-Device Data

First, the easy part. You should start by encrypting the data you physically hold. This includes the content you store on your laptop, desktop PC, smartphone, tablet and removable drives. If you lose your devices, you risk placing sensitive information in the wrong hands.

The most secure way to encrypt your on-device data is full-disk encryption (FDE). FDE encrypts everything on a device and only makes the data available for use after the user provides a password or PIN code.

Most operating systems support FDE. In Windows, you can use BitLocker to turn on full-disk encryption on your PC. In macOS, the full-disk encryption is called FileVault. You can read our step-by-step guide on using BitLocker and FileVault.

Windows BitLocker also supports encrypting external drives such as memory cards and USB thumb drives. On macOS, you can use the Disk Utility to create an encrypted USB drive.

Alternatively, you can try hardware encrypted devices. Hardware encrypted drives require users to enter a PIN code on the device before plugging it to the computer. Encrypted drives are more expensive than their non-encrypted counterparts, but they are also more secure.

You should also encrypt your mobile devices. On-device encryption will make sure that an unauthorized person won’t be able to gain access to your phone’s data, even if they get physical access to it. Both iOS and Android support full-disk encryption. All Apple devices running iOS 8.0 and later are encrypted by default. We suggest you leave it that way.

The Android landscape is a bit fragmented since OS default settings and interfaces might differ based on manufacturer and OS version. Make sure to check yours is encrypted.

Encrypt Your Data in the Cloud

We rely on cloud storage services such as Google Drive, DropBox and Microsoft OneDrive to store our files and share them with friends and colleagues. But while those services do a good job to protect your data against unauthorized access, they still have access to the contents of the files you store in their cloud services. They also can’t protect you if your account gets hijacked.

If you don’t feel comfortable with Google or Microsoft having access to your sensitive files, you can use Boxcryptor. Boxcryptor integrates with most popular storage services and adds a layer of encryption to protect your files before uploading them to the cloud. This way, you can make sure that only you and the people you share your files with will be aware of their content.

Alternatively, you can use an end-to-end encrypted (E2EE) storage service such as Tresorit.  Before storing your files in the cloud, E2EE storage services encrypt your files with keys that you exclusively hold, and not even the service that stores your files can access their content.

Encrypt Your Internet Traffic

Perhaps equally as important as encrypting your files is the encryption of your internet traffic. Your internet service provider (ISP)—or a malicious actor that might be lurking on the public Wi-Fi network you’re using—will be able to eavesdrop on the sites you browse to and the services and applications you use. They can use that information to sell it to advertisers or, in the case of hackers, use it against you.

To protect your internet traffic against nosy and malicious parties, you can sign up to a virtual private network (VPN). When you use a VPN, all your internet traffic is encrypted and channeled through a VPN server before reaching its destiny.

If a malicious actor (or your ISP) decides to monitor your traffic, all they’ll see is a stream of encrypted data exchanged between you and your VPN server. They won’t be able to figure out which websites and applications you’re using.

One thing to consider is that your VPN provider will still have full visibility on your internet traffic. If you want absolute privacy, you can use The Onion Router (Tor). Tor, which is both the name of a darknet network and a namesake browser, encrypts your internet traffic and bounces it through several independent computers running a specialized software.

None of the computers in the Tor network has full knowledge of the source and the destination of your internet traffic, which gives you full privacy. However, Tor comes with a considerable speed penalty, and many websites block traffic coming from the Tor network.

Encrypt Your Emails

I guess I don’t need to tell you the importance of protecting your emails. Just ask John Podesta, whose leaked emails might have cost his boss her chance at presidency. Encrypting your emails can protect your sensitive communications against people who gain unwanted access to them. This can be hackers who break into your account, or your email provider itself.

To encrypt your emails, you can use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). PGP is an open protocol that uses public-private key encryption to enable users to exchange encrypted emails. With PGP, every user has a public, known to everyone, which enables other users to send them encrypted emails.

The private key, which is only known to the user and stored on the user’s device, can decrypt messages encrypted with the public key. If an unintended party intercepts a PGP-encrypted email, they won’t be able to read its contents. Even if they break into your email account by stealing your credentials, they won’t be able to read the contents of your encrypted emails.

One of the advantages of PGP is that it can be integrated into any email service. There plenty of plugins that add PGP support to email client applications such as Microsoft Outlook. If you’re using a web client like the Gmail or Yahoo websites, you can use Mailvelope, a browser extension that adds easy-to-use PGP support to most popular email services.

Alternatively, you can sign-up to an end-to-end encrypted email service such as ProtonMail. ProtonMail encrypts your emails without the need to take any additional steps. Unlike services such as Gmail and Outlook.com, ProtonMail won’t be able to read the content of your emails.

Encrypt Your Messages

Messaging apps have become an inseparable part of our lives. There are dozens of messaging services you can use to communicate with family, friends and colleagues. But they provide different levels of security.

Preferably, you should use a messaging service that is end-to-end encrypted. Nowadays, most popular messaging services provide end-to-end encryption. Some examples include WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram, Viber and Wickr.

However, those that enable E2EE by default are more secure. WhatsApp, Signal and Wickr enable end-to-end encryption by default.

Also, messaging services that are based on open-source protocols are more reliable because they can be peer-reviewed by independent industry experts. Signal Protocol, the E2EE technology that powers WhatsApp and Signal, is an open-source protocol that has been endorsed by many security experts.

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