Dejinta DNS^(DNS) waxay u keeni kartaa madax xanuun qof kasta oo ay saameeyeen. Goobaha ay la kulmaan arrimaha waxay keeni karaan khibrad isticmaale oo xun iyo luminta suurtagalka ah ee lacagta ganacsiga. 

DNS macnaheedu waa Nidaamka Magaca Domain^{(Domain Name System)} . Waa tusaha Internetka^(Internet) ee ku habboon ciwaannada IP-yada ee leh magacyo xayndaab. Websaydh kastaa wuxuu leeyahay ciwaanka IP-ga ee u gaarka ah. ^(Every)Isticmaalayaashu waxay qori karaan cinwaanka IP-ga ee shabakada si ay u booqdaan goobta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way adagtahay in la xasuusto. Markaa, dadka intooda badani waxay isticmaalaan magaca domainka.

Adeegayaasha DNS^(DNS) waxay u tilmaamaan isticmaaleyaasha goobta saxda ah si ay mareegaha si sax ah ugu shubaan. Cilada DNS^(DNS) waxay dhacaan marka aadan awoodin inaad ku xirto ciwaanka IP-ga. Joojinta noocan ah waxay badanaa dhacdaa sababtoo ah waxaad lumisay isku xirka internetka^(Internet) ama shabakada.

Denaanshaha DNS^{(Occasional DNS)} ee marmar waa lama huraan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhamaantood maaha weeraro muhiim ah waxaana lagu xallin karaa si fudud.

Hubi Aasaaska Marka hore^{(Check the Basics First)}

Dhammaan arrimaha isku xirnaanta maaha arrimaha DNS^{(are DNS issues)} . Tusaale ahaan, haddii router uusan ku xirneyn, ma awoodi doontid inaad ku xirto internetka^(Internet) . Laakiin ma aha dhibaato DNS .

Qaar ka mid ah go'naanshaha DNS^(DNS) waxaa lagu hagaajin karaa si fudud iyadoo la hubinayo kuwan soo socda:

• Hubi server-yada domainkaaga Haddii aad bedeshay shirkaddaada martigelinaysa ama diiwaan-hayaha domain, waxa laga yaabaa inay khaldan yihiin oo ay fudud yihiin in la hagaajiyo.
• Haddii aad dhawaan wax isbeddel ah ku samaysay server-yadaada, waxay u baahan yihiin wakhti ay ku faafiyaan shabakadda. Tani waxay qaadan kartaa 24 ilaa 48 saacadood.
• Dib^(Reboot) u kici router kaaga adiga oo damiyay, sug hal daqiiqo, ka dibna dib u shid.
• Hubi inaad hubiso in dhammaan xidhiidhadaada iyo fiilooyinkaaga ay si sax ah ugu xidhan yihiin.  
• Samee iskaanka malware-ka si aad u aragto in fayrasku xannibayo gelitaanka interneedkaaga^(Internet) .
• Haddii ay dhibaato kaa haysato gaarista goob gaar ah, waxay noqon kartaa arrin ku saabsan shabakada ee maaha isku xidhkaaga. Hal dariiqo oo lagu hubin karo waa inaad u dhaadhacdo qof kasta ama aniga oo keliya^{(Down for Everyone or Just Me)} .

Ma routerkaaga?^{(Is it Your Router?)}

Routers waxay leeyihiin CPU u gaar ah , xusuusta, Motherboard-ka, iyo xitaa nidaamka hawlgalka. Dhammaan qaybahan waxay maamulaan xogta xogta. Qaybahaan router-ka ah waxay heli karaan culeys xad dhaaf ah. Tani waa fikrad la mid ah in daalacashada aad u badan ay hal mar ku furan yihiin laptop-ka taasoo sababta inuu qaboojiyo.

Marka aad u dirayso xog badan iyada oo loo marayo routerkaaga aalado badan, way yarayn kartaa ama joojin kartaa gabi ahaanba shaqada. Sidoo kale, inta badan isku xirka internetka^(Internet) ee kombuyuutarka guriga ayaa isticmaala ciwaannada IP-ga ee firfircoon. ISP^(ISPs) -yadu waxay ku qoraan ciwaanka IP modem kasta muddo cayiman.

Marka wakhtigani dhaco, ISP gaaga ayaa modemkaaga u soo diri doona ciwaanka IP cusub. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii routerkaaga uu aad u mashquulsan yahay, waxaa laga yaabaa inuusan helin fariinta cinwaanka IP-ga cusub oo aad isku daydo inaad isticmaasho kii hore ee dhacay.

Haddii daloolada hawo-qaadista ee router ay xannibaan boodhka ama fiilooyinka, way kululaan kartaa. Markaa, iska hubi in aan la xannibin.

Si aad dib ugu bilowdo routerkaaga, raac tillaabooyinka hoose:

1. Dami router-ka oo ka saar.
2. Ka saar^(Unplug) meel kasta oo laga galo sida modem-ka ka kooban shabakadaada.
3. Sug inta u dhaxaysa 20 iyo 30 ilbiriqsi.
4. Wax walba dib ugu soo celi
5. Dib u shid badhanka awooda router
6. Sug 30 ilaa 60 ilbidhiqsi.

Sugitaanka ayaa ku siinaysa routerkaaga wakhtiga uu u baahan yahay si uu u sameeyo xidhiidh deggan. Isku day inaad dib u bilowdo router kaaga haddii aadan lahayn xiriir, aadan awoodin inaad ku xirto internetka^(Internet) , ama qalabkaagu uusan tusin shabakadaada sida la heli karo.

Dhibaatooyin qoto dheer oo dheeraad ah^{(More In-Depth Troubleshooting)}

Haddii tillaabooyinka kore aysan xallin arrintaada, waxay noqon kartaa mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka soo socda ee DNS ee caadiga ah.

Kaydka DNS

Kumbuyuutarku waxay kaydiyaan macluumaadka isku-xidhka isku-dayga iyo booqashooyinka dhawaanahan ee mareegaha. 

Khasnaddan mararka qaarkood waxay noqon kartaa kharrib. Si aad u nadiifiso kaydkaaga, geli ta soo socota isla markiiba amarka:

ipconfig /flushdns

Tani waxay nadiifin doontaa kaydka si marka xigta ee aad booqato isla mareegta, macluumaadka DNS waa la cusbooneysiin doonaa.

Magacaaga Domain

Haddii ciwaanka degelkaaga uu shaqaynayo balse aanu ku toosin goobtaada, waxa ay noqon kartaa in aad ilawday in aad dib u cusboonaysiiso magacaaga domainka. Si degdeg ah ula xidhiidh diiwaan hayahaaga oo arag haddii aad dib u heli karto.

Dejinta TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( TCP/IP ) waa jaangooyooyinka qeexaya sida kombuyuutarku ula xiriiraan aaladaha kale^{(communicate with other devices)} .

Guryaha IPv6 iyo IPv4 , habayntu waa in lagu dejiyaa Helitaanka ciwaanka IP si toos ah^{(Obtain an IP address automatically)} oo si toos ah u Hel ciwaanka DNS^{(Obtain DNS servers address automatically)} .

Si aad u barato sida loo hubiyo goobahan, akhri:

• Change TCP/IP settings ee Windows
• Enter advanced TCP/IP settings on Mac
• La shaqaynta Linux TCP/IP Network Configuration Files

Wali Lama Xalin?^{(Still Not Resolved?)}

Haddii mid ka mid ah xalalka sare aanu xalin go'itaanka DNS -kaaga , waxay noqon kartaa qaabayn khaldan ama khalad taas oo keenaysa arrinta.

Daaqadaha waxay leedahay qalab ku dhex dhisan oo la yiraahdo nslookup . Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xalliyo amarrada DNS si loo go'aamiyo arrimaha gaarka ah ee gudaha ama dibadda.

Diiwaanada ugu caansan ee DNS ee keeni kara arrimo waa:

• CNAME ( Magaca Canonical^{(Canonical Name)} ) wuxuu tilmaamayaa hal magac domain mid kale.
• Diiwaanada A^{( A)} waa xogta aasaasiga ah ee DNS ee ku habboon xayndaabka cinwaannada IP-ga.
• MX _ _^{(Mail Exchange)} _

Si aad u hesho casharro dhamaystiran, daawo Cilad-sheegid DNS oo wata Nslookup^{(Troubleshoot DNS with Nslookup)} .

Isku day Qalabka^{(Try Tools)}

Haddii aad weli qabtid arrimaha DNS , isku day mid ka mid ah qalabkan soo socda si aad u caawiso ogaanshaha iyo hagaajinta dhibaatadaada. IntoDNS waa aalad bilaash ah oo hubin doonta qaabeynta iyo caafimaadka diiwaannada DNS . 

Waxay ku siinaysaa warbixin talobixin ah oo ku saabsan sida loo xalliyo arrimaha tixraaca borotokoolka dukumeenti rasmi ah.   

Hubinta Cache ee OpenDNS^{(OpenDNS’ Cache Check)} waa qalab siinaya aragtiyo gaar ah sida OpenDNS u xalliso boggaaga . Waxay si toos ah u waydiinaysaa boggaaga adoo isticmaalaya dhammaan server-yada OpenDNS waxayna ka warbixisaa natiijooyinka.

Aaladaha Shabakadda^{(Network Tools)} waxa ay bixisa aaladaha isku xidhka bilaashka ah oo ay ku jiraan NS Lookup , DNS Lookup , iyo domain iyo macluumaadka martida loo yahay.

Ka digtoonow oo u diyaargarow^{(Take Precautions & Be Prepared)}

Dhammaan mareegaha ayaa, mar uun, la kulmi doona xoogaa waqti-dhimis ah. Ma jiro adeeg ballan qaadi kara 100% wakhtiga la joogo.

Dhammaanteen waan aragnay cinwaannada marka daruuraha sare ay dhacaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira taxaddarro qaar oo aad qaadi karto si aad ganacsigaaga uga ilaaliso go'annada DNS^(DNS) .

• Ku isticmaal^(Use) wax ka badan hal adeeg bixiye DNS meelo kala duwan iyo adeegayaal kala duwan.
• Kala sooc server-yada ^(Separate)DNS -ka ee dibadda ee ka soocida server-yada gudaha
• U isticmaal^(Use) meelo kala duwan si guud iyo isticmaalka gudaha loo isticmaalo.
• Adeeg bixiyaha DNS^(DNS) waa inuu ka duwanaadaa diiwaan-hayaha magaca domainka.
• Ka fogow bixiyeyaasha u baahan kontaroolada shabakada si aad u cusboonaysiiso isku xidhka. Taa beddelkeeda deji server-ka DNS kaas oo ka cusboonaysiin doona macluumaadkaaga wareejinta aagga DNS ee aan si guud loo heli karin.
• Ku isticmaal^(Use) xaqiijinta laba-geesoodka ah akoonkaaga diiwaan-hayaha.

La soco serverkaaga DNS^{(Monitor Your DNS Server)}

Dembiilayaasha internetka ayaa helaya habab cusub oo ay ku faafiyaan malware-ka oo ay ku faafiyaan nidaamyada kombiyuutarka. 

Inaad isha ku hayso hawlahaaga server-ka DNS waxay kuu soo jeedin kartaa calaamadaha waxqabadka liita ama maqnaanshaha. Fir fircoon oo la soco wakhtiga iyo waxqabadka DNS kaaga . Soo ogow^(Detect) dhibaatooyinka inta ay dhacayaan si aad u hubiso in booqdayaasha degelkaaga ay leeyihiin khibrad isticmaale oo togan.

Qalabka DNS^{(DNS Tools)} waxa uu bixiyaa qalabyo badan oo la socodka si loo helo aragtiyo ku saabsan sida isku xidhka DNS^(DNS) kaaga uu uga shaqeeyo internetka^(Internet) .

Haddii aad la kulanto dhibaato, isku day talooyinka kor ku xusan si aad u xalliso maqnaanshahaaga DNS^(DNS) .

How to Avoid and Resolve DNS Outages

DNS outages can cause headaches for anyone affeсted by them. Sites experiencing iѕsues cаn result in bad user experience and possible loss of money for the business. 

DNS means Domain Name System. It is an Internet directory that matches IP addresses with domain names. Every website has its own web IP address. Users can type a website’s IP address to visit a site. However, they are difficult to remember. So, most people use the domain name instead.

DNS servers point users to the right location so that websites will load correctly. DNS errors happen when you are not able to connect to an IP address. This type of outage usually occurs because you have lost the Internet or network connection.

Occasional DNS outages are inevitable. However, not all of them are significant attacks and can be solved relatively easily.

Check the Basics First

Not all connectivity issues are DNS issues. For example, if a router is not plugged in, you won’t be able to connect to the Internet. But it is not a DNS problem.

Some DNS outages can be fixed easily by checking the following:

• Check your domain nameservers. If you have switched your hosting company or domain registrar, they may be incorrect and simple to fix.
• If you have recently made any changes to your nameservers, they need time to propagate across the web. This may take from 24 to 48 hours.
• Reboot your router by turning it off, wait a minute, and then turn it back on.
• Check to make sure all your connections and cables are correctly plugged in.  
• Run a malware scan to see if a virus is blocking your Internet access.
• If you are having trouble reaching a specific site, it could be an issue with the website and not your connectivity. One way to check is to go to Down for Everyone or Just Me.

Is it Your Router?

Routers have their own CPU, memory, motherboard, and even an operating system.  All of these components manage data traffic. These router components can get overloaded. This is the same concept as having too many browsers open at once on a laptop that causes it to freeze.

When you are sending lots of data through your router to many devices, it can slow down or stop working altogether. Also, most home computer Internet connections use dynamic IP addresses. ISPs assign an IP address to each modem for a specific time period.

When this time expires, your ISP will send your modem a new IP address. However, if your router is very busy, it might not get the message with the new IP address and keep trying to use the old expired one.

If the router’s ventilation holes are blocked by dust or cables, it can overheat. So, make sure they are not blocked.

To restart your router, follow the steps below:

1. Turn off the router and unplug it.
2. Unplug any other access points such as a modem that make up your network.
3. Wait between 20 and 30 seconds.
4. Plug everything back in.
5. Turn the router power button back on.
6. Wait for 30 to 60 seconds.

Waiting gives your router the time it needs to establish a stable connection. Try restarting your router if you have no connectivity, are unable to connect to the Internet, or your device doesn’t show your network as available.

More In-Depth Troubleshooting

If the steps above didn’t resolve your issue, it could be one of the following common DNS problems.

DNS Cache

Computers store networking information on attempts and recent visits to websites. 

This cache can sometimes become corrupted. To flush your cache, enter the following into the command prompt:

ipconfig /flushdns

This will clear the cache so that the next time you visit the same website, the DNS information will be renewed.

Your Domain Name

If your website address is working but not directing to your site, it could be that you forgot to renew your domain name. Contact your domain registrar quickly and see if you can get it back.

TCP/IP Settings

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) are the settings that define how computers communicate with other devices.

For IPv6 and IPv4 properties, the settings should be set to Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS servers address automatically.

To learn how to check these settings, read:

• Change TCP/IP settings for Windows
• Enter advanced TCP/IP settings on Mac
• Working with Linux TCP/IP Network Configuration Files

Still Not Resolved?

If none of the above solutions resolve your DNS outage, it could be a misconfiguration or error that is causing the issue.

Windows has a built-in tool called nslookup. It can be used to troubleshoot DNS commands to determine the specific internal or external issues.

The most common DNS records that can cause issues are:

• The CNAME (Canonical Name) points one domain name to another.
• The A records are the basic DNS data that match domains with IP addresses.
• MX (Mail Exchange) records direct emails from your domain to a host server.

For a full tutorial, watch Troubleshoot DNS with Nslookup.

Try Tools

If you are still having DNS issues, try one of the following tools to help diagnose and fix your problem. IntoDNS is a free tool that will check the configuration and health of DNS records. 

It provides a report with suggestions on how to fix issues referencing protocols official documentation.   

OpenDNS’ Cache Check is a tool that gives unique insights into how OpenDNS resolves your domain. It directly queries your domain using all OpenDNS servers and reports the results.

Network Tools provides free network tools including NS Lookup, DNS Lookup, and domain and host information.

Take Precautions & Be Prepared

All websites will, at some point, experience some downtime. No service can promise 100% uptime.

We have all seen the headlines when high-profile cloud outages occur. However, there are some precautions you can take to keep your business safe from DNS outages.

• Use more than one DNS service provider in different locations and on different servers.
• Separate external DNS servers from internal servers.
• Use different domains for public and internal use.
• The DNS service provider should be separate from domain name registrar.
• Avoid providers that require web-based control panels to update configurations. Instead set up a DNS server that will update your information from a DNS zone transfer that is not available publicly.
• Use two-factor authentication on your registrar account.

Monitor Your DNS Server

Cybercriminals are finding new ways to spread malware and infect computer systems. 

Keeping an eye on your DNS server activity can alert you to signs of poor performance or outages. Be proactive and monitor uptime and performance of your DNS. Detect problems while they are occurring to ensure your website visitors have a positive user experience.

DNS Tools offers a suite of monitoring tools to get real-time insights on how your DNS configurations are performing on the Internet.

If you encounter a problem, try the above suggestions to resolve your DNS outage.

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