Nabadgelyada internetka waa mid aad muhiim u ah. Waxaan ku noolnahay qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nolosheena khadka tooska ah iyo aaladaha xisaabinta. Haddi ay tahay laptop-ka, casriga ama kombayutarkaga miiska shaqada – waxa aad heshay xog qiimo leh oo hadh dadku ay jeclaan lahaayeen in ay helaan. Miyayna fiicnaan lahayn haddii aad taqaano sida looga ilaaliyo kombuyuutarkaaga tuugta iyo dhammaan khataraha kale ee dunida dhijitaalka ah?

Akhbaarta wanaagsani waxay tahay in aanay ku adkaan in la barto tabaha iyo tabaha asaasiga ah kuwaas oo si weyn u wanaajin doona badbaadadaada shabakada. Is^(Get) diyaari, sababtoo ah tani waxay noqon doontaa hage weyn oo talo wax ku ool ah oo kaa caawin doona inaad isticmaasho kumbuyuutarka iyo internetka adigoon guban.

Barashada Habdhaqanka Badbaadada Internetka ee Wanaagsan^{(Learning Good Cybersecurity Habits)}

Marka aynu yar nahay, waalidkeen waxay ina baraan xeerar guud oo nolosha ah oo loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo badbaadada. Had iyo jeer u fiirso labada dhinac ka hor intaanad jidka goyn. Waligaa^(Never) baabuur ha raacin qof qalaad. Noocaas oo kale ah.

Nasiib darrose tignoolajiyada maanta may jirin markii qaar badan oo inaga mid ahi ay da'yaraayeen, sidaa awgeed waxa jirta baahi qeexan oo loo qabo in la helo caqli-gal la mid ah, laakiin loo habeeyey dunida dhijitaalka ah.

Adeegso furaha sirta ah ee adag & maamulaha sirta ah^{(Use Strong Passwords & a Password Manager)}

Erayada sirta ah ayaa weli ah mid ka mid ah difaacyada ugu wanaagsan ee aan kaga hortagayno in la jabsado. Goobaha badankood waxay yeelan doonaan kakanaanta erayga sirta ah ee ugu yar. Tusaale ahaan, waxay odhan doonaan erayga sirta ah waa inuu ahaadaa dherer gaar ah oo uu ka kooban yahay noocyo kala duwan oo xarfo ah. Nasiib darrose, nooc kasta oo erayga sirta ah ee bini'aadamka si fudud u xasuusan karo waxay u badan tahay inuu noqdo mid lagu jebin karo male-awaal adag oo degdeg ah intay ka dib dhici lahayd.

Waxa ugu fiican ee aad samayn karto si aad kombayutarkaga uga ilaaliso tuugada waa adeegso maamulaha sirta ah ee^{( password manager)} lagu kalsoon yahay . Maamulayaashani waxay si badbaado leh ula socdaan dhammaan furahaaga sirta ah waxayna soo saari doonaan furaha sirta ah ee xooggan kuwaas oo aan suurtagal ahayn in la qiyaaso iyadoo la adeegsanayo xoog ama hab kasta oo kale oo furaha sirta ah.

Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah in dadka intooda badan aysan u baahnayn inay raadiyaan meel fog si ay u helaan maamulaha sirta ah. Google Chrome wuxuu horey u lahaa mid aad u karti badan oo lagu dhex dhisay. Waxaad ka dhex abuuri kartaa furaha sirta ah ee browserka oo aad isku dhejin kartaa daruuraha. Markaa meel kasta oo aad gasho Koontadaada Google^{(Google Account)} , waxaad si fudud ula soo bixi kartaa ereyada sirta ah.

Furaha wax walba ilaali^{(Password Protect Everything)}

Dabcan, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad dejiso furaha sirta ah wax kasta oo ku dhici kara gacmo qaldan. Kumbuyuutarkaaga, teleefankaaga iyo tablet-kaagaba waa inay dhamaantood wataan furaha furaha ama furaha sirta ah. Furitaanka biometric^{(Biometric unlocking)} , sida faraha ama aqoonsiga wejiga, aad uma badna. Markaa waa fikrad wanaagsan inaad barato qalabkaaga biometirika dilaaga ah haddii uu mid leeyahay.

Kani waa amar ama furaha furaha ka joojiya shay kasta oo aan ahayn gelitaanka koodka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii qof kugu qasbo inaad u dhiibto kombiyuutarkaaga ama taleefankaaga, ma geli karaan qalabka la'aanteed lambarkaaga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay ku tilmaami karaan kamarada wejigaaga ama waxay saari karaan fartaada dareenka faraha.

Isticmaal sireed meel kasta oo suurtogal ah^{(Use Encryption Wherever Possible)}

Sirintu waa farsamo xisaab ahaan u ruxaysa xogtaada, si aan loo akhriyi karin furaha saxda ah la'aanteed. Tusaale ahaan, shabakadaha ka bilowda " https " waxay isticmaalaan hab sir ah oo sugan oo xogta lagu diro. Markaa adiga iyo mareegaha wax helaya ayaa og waxa la yidhi.

Dadka dibadda jooga, sida adeeg bixiyahaaga ama qof kasta oo eegaya xidhmooyinka xogta markay maraan meelo kala duwan oo internetka ah waxay yaqaanaan ciwaanka IP-gaaga iyo ciwaanka bogga aad booqanayso.

Ma aha oo kaliya inaad iska ilaaliso shabakadaha aan isticmaalin sirta, waa inaad sidoo kale ku dhegganaato adeegyada sheekaysiga ee bixiya sirta "dhamaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka" WhatsApp ayaa tusaale u ah tan. Dhammaadka-ilaa-dhamaadka sir qarintu waxay ka joojinaysaa xataa WhatsApp lafteedu inay ogaadaan waxa laga sheegayo sheekaysigaaga.

Qofna ha aaminin si indho la'aan ah^{(Don’t Trust Anyone Blindly)}

Mid ka mid ah khataraha ugu waaweyn ee aad la kulmi doonto markaad internetka ku jirto, waxay ka timaaddaa iska dhigista iyo qarsoodiga. Markaad qof la falgasho, ma haysatid wax fikrad ah inay yihiin cidda ay sheegaan inay yihiin. Xaqiiqdii, mahadsanid sirdoonka macmal^{(artificial intelligence)} , xitaa ma hubin kartid in aad la macaamilayso qof dhab ah oo dhan.

Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay aad muhiim u tahay in la helo nooc ka mid ah caddaynta cid saddexaad oo ah inaad la xidhiidho qofka ay tahay inaad noqoto. Xitaa haddii uu qofku yahay kan ay sheegaan, waa inaad sidoo kale ku qaadataa sheegashooyinkooda iyo ballanqaadyadooda xoogaa milix ah. ula dhaqan iyaga ugu yaraan shaki la mid ah sida aad la yeelan lahayd aqoon cusub oo nolosha dhabta ah.

Isticmaal Xaqiijinta Laba-Arrin (2FA) Mar kasta oo ay Macquul tahay^{(Use Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Whenever Possible)}

Xaqiijinta laba-factor waa hab ammaan oo aad u isticmaasho kanaal gebi ahaanba ka duwan qaybta labaad ee eraygaaga sirta ah. Waa mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ugu wanaagsan maalmahan si aad uga ilaaliso akoonkaaga tuugta. Marka, tusaale ahaan, waxa laga yaabaa in aad ku hesho PIN^(PIN) hal mar ah xisaabtaada iimaylka ama fariin qoraal ahaan lambarka diiwaangashan marka aad gasho adeeg. Marka "2FA" laga xado eraygaaga sirta ah kuma filna kuwa xun inay galaan akoonkaaga.

Dabcan, dadaal ku filan, waxaa suurtogal ah in dambiilayaasha ay helaan agagaarka 2FA. Waxay sidoo kale^(also) isku dayi karaan inay jabsadaan eraygaaga sirta ah ee iimaylka ama inay sameeyaan khiyaano " SIM swap" oo ay gacanta ku dhigaan lambarkaaga taleefanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waa dadaal dheeri ah iyo khataro badan, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan suurtogal ahayn in sidan lagugu bartilmaameedsado si aan kala sooc lahayn. Sidan oo kale, 2FA waa mid ka mid ah caqabadaha ugu adag ee aad meel dhigi karto.

Wax ka qabashada tuugada^{(Dealing With Hackers)}

Erayga "hacker" waxa uu leeyahay macnayaal balaadhan oo ku jira aduunka kombayutarka. Dad badan ayaa naftooda u haysta inay yihiin hackers, waxaana laga yaabaa in dadka run ahaantii ah hackers aysan u hoggaansamin sawirka dadka intooda badan ay ka helaan filimada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hackers ayaa halkaas ku sugan, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato sida loola macaamilo.

Noocyada Hackers-ka^{(Types Of Hackers)}

Aan ku bilowno nadiifinta dhowr fikradood oo khaldan. Dhammaan tuugtu maaha dambiilayaal. Waxay ahaan jirtay in tuugada sharciga ahi ay ku adkaysteen in tuugta dambiilayaasha loogu yeero "crackers", laakiin ereyga waligiis kuma dhicin guud ahaan.

Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo tuugo ah: koofiyad cad, koofiyad cawl iyo koofiyad madow^{(white hat, grey hat and black hat)} .

^{(White Hat)}Hackers-ka Koofiyadaha Cad waxaa sidoo kale loo tixraacaa inay yihiin "khasaare anshaxa". Hackers-yadani weligood ma jebiyaan sharciga, wax kasta oo ay sameeyaanna waa ogolaanshaha bartilmaameedyadooda. Tusaale ahaan, shirkad doonaysa inay tijaabiso ammaanka shabakadeeda waxa laga yaabaa inay kireysato koofiyad cad si uu u sameeyo "imtixaanka gelitaanka". Haddii ay u suurtagasho inay soo galaan, waxba ma xadayaan ama waxba ma yeeli doonaan. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay u wargalin doonaan macmiilka oo ay ka caawinayaan inay dejiyaan hagaajinta baylahdooda ammaan.

Hackers^(Grey) -ka koofiyadda cawlan sidoo kale si ula kac ah uma geystaan waxyeello, laakiin kama sarreeyaan jebinta sharciga si ay u qanciyaan rabitaankooda ama u helaan godad nidaamka amniga. Tusaale ahaan, koofiyadda cawl waxa laga yaabaa inay ku samayso imtixaan gelitaanka aan la codsanayn nidaamka qof ka dibna u sheego waxa ku saabsan. Sida magacu tilmaamayo, koofiyadaha cawl waxay noqon karaan dambi, laakiin maaha kuwo xaasidnimo ah.

Hackers-ka koofiyadda madow^(Black) waa boogeymen ay dadka badankiisu ka fikiraan markaad isticmaasho ereyga. Kuwani waa khabiiro kombuyuutar oo xaasidnimo ah kuwaas oo doonaya inay lacag sameeyaan ama si fudud u abuuraan fowdo. Waa koofiyadaha madow ee kala duwan ee dhammaanteen loogu talagalay inaan ka digtoonaano.

Ka digtoonow cilmiga bulshada^{(Be Aware of Social Engineering)}

Way fududahay in laga fikiro tuugada oo isticmaalaya habab tignoolajiyadeed sare leh si ay u jabiyaan nidaamyada, laakiin runtu waxay tahay in qalabka ugu xoogan ee ku jira arsenal hacker uusan ku lug lahayn kombiyuutarada gabi ahaanba. Nidaamku wuxuu u xoog badan yahay sida xiriirkiisa daciifka ah, marar badanna, xiriirka daciifka ah waa bini'aadam. Markaa, halkii ay ka qaadan lahaayeen nidaam tignoolajiyadeed oo xooggan, haakarisku waxay beegsan doonaan daciifnimada cilmi-nafsiga aadanaha.

Mid ka mid ah xeeladaha caadiga ah waa in qof la waco, sida xoghaye ama shaqaale farsamo oo hooseeya oo shirkad ah. Hackers-ku waxa uu iska dhigayaa farsamayaqaan ama maamul oo waxa uu waydiin doonaa macluumaad. Mararka qaarkood xogtu si cad ma aha mid xasaasi ah.

Waxa kale oo jira farsamooyin injineernimo bulsheed oo lagu samayn karo wada sheekaysiga qoraalka, qof ahaan ama iimaylka.

Baro inaad aragto iimaylada waxyeelada leh^{(Learn To Spot Harmful Emails)}

Iimaylku waxa uu ahaanayaa mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ugu caansan ee ay dadka xaasidiinta ahi ku helaan. Way ku fiican tahay, sababtoo ah waxaad si fudud u diri kartaa malaayiin emails oo waxaad ka heli kartaa dhibanayaal faa'iido leh oo tiro badan.

Difaaca ugu fiican ee email-lada waxyeellada leh waa in la ogaado sida loo garto. Iimayl kasta^(Any) oo ku siinaya abaal-marin aan macquul ahayn oo kaaga baahan inaad lacag ka baxdo, waa in la tuuraa. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay fududaato in lagu qoslo fikradda amiir jooga dhul fog kaasoo ku siin doona malaayiin doollar, haddii aad hadda ka qayb qaadan doonto qaddar yar. Haddana, sannad walba malaayiin dollar ayaa laga xado dadka ku dhaca khiyaamadan. Haddii shay u eg yahay kalluun ama aad u wanaagsan inuu run noqdo, waxay u badan tahay inay tahay.

Mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ugu wanaagsan ee lagu ogaan karo khiyaamooyinkan waa in la geliyo qoraalka emailka Google ama adigoo booqanaya bogga sida ScamBusters . Waxaa hubaal ah inay jiri doonto khiyaano la mid ah oo horeba diiwaanka ugu jirtay.

Marka laga reebo fasalka guud ee iimaylada khayaanada, waxa kale oo jira phishing iyo waran. Iimeylkan waxa ay ujeedadoodu tahay in ay kaa helaan macluumaadka markaas loo isticmaali karo weeraro kale. Bartilmaameedyada ugu badan waa isticmaalayaasha iyo furayaasha sirta ah.

Iimayl -ka phishing-^{(phishing email)} ka inta badan waxa ku dhex jira xidhiidh keenaya degel been abuur ah, oo loola jeedo inuu u ekaado xarunta bangigaaga onlaynka ah ama goob kale oo aad akoon ku leedahay. Adigoo u malaynaya inaad ku sugan tahay goobta dhabta ah, waxaad gelisaa isticmaale magacaaga iyo eraygaaga sirta ah, adigoo si toos ah ugu dhiibaya dadka aan ahayn inay haystaan.

phishing-ka waranku waa isku shay, marka laga reebo in kuwa adiga lagu beegsanayo ay garanayaan qofka aad tahay. Markaa waxay u habayn doonaan iimaylka si ay ugu jiraan tafaasiisha adiga kuu gaar ah. Waxay xitaa isku dayi karaan inay iska dhigaan madaxaaga ama qof aad taqaan.

Sida loola tacaalo isku dayga phishing-ka loogana ilaaliyo kombuyuutarkaaga tuugta waa inaadan waligaa gujin xiriirinta iimaylada aan la rabin. Had iyo jeer u gudub goobta naftaada oo hubi in ciwaanka shabakadu sax yahay. Isku dayga xatooyada waran waa la fashilin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalo kanaalka labaad si loo xaqiijiyo.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay tahay qof sheegaya inuu ka yimid bangigaaga, wac bangiga oo weydii inaad si toos ah ula hadasho qofkaas. Sidoo kale^(Likewise) , qaado taleefanka oo weydii maamulahaaga, saaxiibkaaga ama saaxiibkaa haddii ay dhab ahaantii soo direen boostada su'aasha ah iyo in kale.

Aad uga digtoonow markaad guriga ka maqan tahay^{(Be Extra Cautious When Away From Home)}

Way fududahay in laga fikiro tuugada inay yihiin dad ganacsigooda ka soo shaqaysta mayl fog, iyagoo hor fadhiya kombuyuutar qol mugdi ah meel ku yaal. Nolosha dhabta ah, qofka fadhiya miis ku yaal dukaanka qaxwaha ayaa si aad ah ugu fiicnaan kara inuu ku jabsado isagoo ku cabbaya latte.

Goobaha dadweynaha waxay siin karaan xulasho sahlan oo loogu talagalay hackers-ka. Waxay isku dayi karaan inay shakhsi ahaan kugu khiyaaneeyaan iyagoo ku waydiinaya xog gaar ah. Nooca walxaha aad gelin lahayd su'aalaha amniga ama waxaa loo isticmaali karaa weerarrada injineernimada bulshada. Mararka qaarkood dadku waxay si fudud garabkaaga u eegi karaan markaad ku qorayso erayga sirta ah ama aad soo bandhigto macluumaad xasaasi ah.

Khatarta guud waa WiFi dadweynaha . Qof kasta oo ku sugan isla shabakadda WiFi ee adiga, wuxuu arki karaa macluumaadka aaladdaadu dirayso oo ay helayso. Xitaa waxaa laga yaabaa inay si toos ah u galaan qalabkaaga haddii aan si sax ah loo habeynin.

Taxadarka ugu muhiimsan ee la sameeyo haddii ay tahay inaad isticmaasho shabakada WiFi ee dadweynaha waa inaad isticmaasho VPN , kaas oo sir doona dhammaan xogta ka tagaysa kombiyuutarkaaga. Waa inaad sidoo kale isticmaashaa firewall oo aad si gaar ah u calaamadisid shabakada WiFi inay tahay mid guud, si aad uga joojiso gelitaanka tooska ah isticmaalayaasha kale ee shabakada. Caadi ahaan waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa haddii shabakadu ay tahay mid gaar ah ama mid guud marka ugu horeysa ee aad ku xirto.

Waxa ugu dambeeya ee ugu weyn ee ay tahay inaad ka digtoonaato waa aaladaha USB-ga^(USB) ee dadweynaha . Weligaa haku^(Never) dhejin darawalka la helay kombayutarkaaga ama kombayutarka shaqada. Hackers waxay inta badan ka tagaan darawalada cudurka qaba oo wata spyware iyagoo rajeynaya in qof ku xiri doono kombuyuutarkooda, siinayana inay galaan.

Goobaha^(Public) lacag-bixinta dadweynuhu sidoo kale waa khatar. Waa inaad isticmaashaa fiilada USB-ga^(USB) kaas oo bixin kara koronto oo kaliya ee aan bixin karin xogta marka laga soo dallaco ilo aan la garanayn. Waaba haddii dabaylaha lagu beddelay mid la jabsaday.

Wax ka qabashada Software-ka xaasidka ah^{(Dealing With Malicious Software)}

Software-ka xaasidnimada leh waxaa ka mid ah fayrasyada, spyware, adware, trojans iyo noocyo kale oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah xirmooyinka software xun. Waxaan ka gudbi doonaa nooc kasta oo software xaasidnimo ah ka dibna waxaan sidoo kale dabooli doonaa sida looga fogaado ama loo hagaajiyo arrinta.

Virus-yada Computer-ka^{(Computer Viruses)}

Sida suurtogalka ah qaabka ugu caansan ee malware-ka, fayraska kombayuutarku waa qayb software ah oo iskiis isu roga oo ka kala qaada kombuyutarka kan xiga iyada oo loo marayo saxanadaha, darawalada iyo emailka. Fayrasyadu maaha barnaamijyo gooni ah. Taa baddalkeeda, badanaa waxay isku mashquuliyaan barnaamij kale oo sharci ah waxayna fuliyaan koodkooda markaad barnaamijkaas waddo.

Marka laga reebo samaynta koobiyada lafteeda si ay u saameeyaan kombuyuutarrada cusub, fayrasyadu sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin "loader". Tani waxay noqon kartaa wax aan waxyeello lahayn ama si khafiif ah u xanaaqsan, sida fariin soo baxday si ay kuugu qosliso ama waxay noqon kartaa mid halis ah. Sida fayraska oo gebi ahaanba tirtira dhammaan xogtaada.

Warka fiicani waa in fayrasyadu aanay is faafin karin. Waxay u baahan yihiin caawimo adiga! Ilaalinta ugu horreysa iyo tan ugu muhiimsan waa software-ka antivirus. Windows Defender, oo la socota Windows 10 , ayaa ku filan dadka intooda badan, laakiin waxaa jira doorashooyin badan. In kasta oo fayrasyada macOS iyo Linux ay jiraan, suuqyadani aad bay u yar yihiin, sidaa darteed abuurayaasha fayraska ma dhibaan marar badan.

Taasi way isbedelaysaa si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo haddii aad isticmaasho mid ka mid ah hababkan ku shaqeeya, waa fikrad fiican inaad hesho xirmo ka hortag ah oo aad jeceshahay, ka hor intaanay caannimadooda sii kordheynin u keenin fayraska cusub ee fursada ah.

Marka laga reebo isticmaalka xirmada fayraska^{(antivirus package)} , taxaddarrada caqliga saliimka ah waxaa ka mid ah inaadan ku dhejin darawallada USB-gaaga kombiyuutar kasta oo duug ah oo aad la kulanto. Gaar ahaan^(Especially) mishiinada dadweynaha. Waa inaad sidoo kale aad uga digtoonaato socodsiinta software-ka aad ka hesho intarneedka ee aan ka iman meel sumcad leh. Software-ka budhcad^(Pirated) -badeedda , marka laga reebo sharci-darrada, waa goob ay ku badan yihiin fayrasyada iyo malware-ka kale.

Trojans

Waxaa loogu magacdaray faras alwaax ah oo askar farabadan ku dhex galiyay magaalada Troy , software-ka noocaan ah wuxuu iska dhigayaa inuu yahay adeeg sharci ah ama barnaamij kale oo faa'iido leh. Sida fayraska, isticmaaluhu wuxuu fulinayaa barnaamijka ka dibna koodhka xaasidnimada ah ayaa dhaqan galaya. Sidoo kale, sida fayraska, waxa culeyskaas uu ku xiran yahay waxa abuurayaashu rabaan inay fuliyaan.Trojans waxay ka duwan yihiin fayrasyada dareenka ah inay yihiin barnaamijyo gooni ah oo aan iskood u soo celin.

Inta badan software-ka antivirus waxa uu hayaa kaydka xogta saxiixyada trojan, laakiin kuwa cusub ayaa la soo saarayaa mar walba. Tani waxay suurtogal ka dhigeysaa in qaar cusub ay simbiriirixan karaan. Guud ahaan waxa fiican in aanad ku shubin wax software ah oo ka imanaya ilo aanad gabi ahaanba aaminsanayn.

Ransomware

Kani waa nooc aad u xun oo malware ah oo waxyeelada ransomware-ku samayn karo waa mid naxdin leh. Marka uu ku dhaco malware-kan, wuxuu si aamusnaan ah u bilaabayaa sirta iyo qarinta xogtaada, isagoo ku beddelaya faylal khariban iyo faylal magacyo isku mid ah leh. Qorayaasha Ransomware^(Ransomware) waxay leeyihiin habab kala duwan, laakiin badiyaa malware-ku wuxuu sir doonaa faylasha meelaha ay u badan tahay in marka hore xogta muhiimka ah laga helo. Marka la sireeyo in ku filan xogtaada, waxaa jiri doona soo bixid lacag bixin ah oo lagu beddelayo furaha sirta.

Sadly, once encrypted, there is no way to get your information back. However, under no circumstances should you ever give money to ransomware creators! In some cases you can get previous versions of important files by checking the Volume Shadow Copy. However, the most effective way to protect yourself against ransomware is to store your most important files in a cloud service such as DropBox, OneDrive or Google Drive.

Even if the encrypted files get synced back to the cloud, these services all offer a rolling backup window. So you can go back to the moments before the files were encrypted. This turns a ransomware attack from a major disaster into a mild irritation.

Worms

Gooryaanku^(Worms) waa nooc kale oo malware-ka-is-badaleeya, laakiin waxaa jira hal farqi weyn marka loo eego fayraska. Gooryaanka^(Worms) uma baahna adiga, isticmaalaha, inaad wax u qabato iyaga si ay ugu faafiyaan mishiinka. Gooryaanku^(Worms) waxay dhex wareegi karaan shabakadaha, iyagoo ka soo galaya dekedo aan la ilaalin. Waxay kaloo u isticmaali karaan nuglaanta barnaamijyada kale ee software ee u oggolaanaya in koodka xaasidnimada ah uu shaqeeyo.

Maxaad ka qaban kartaa gooryaanka? Ma ahan kuwo dhib badan maalmahan, laakiin iska hubi inaad ku haysato kombuyuutarkaaga iyo/ama routerkaaga kombuyutarka software-ka. Had^(Always) iyo jeer ku cusboonaysii software-kaaga iyo nidaamka hawlgalka. Ugu yaraan marka ay timaado cusbooneysiinta amniga. Dabcan, inaad antivirus-kaaga casriyeyso sidoo kale waa taxadar lama huraan ah.

AdWare & Spyware

AdWare iyo Spyware waa laba nooc oo ka mid ah malware-ka xanaaqa oo aad u dhib badan kuwaas oo samayn kara heerar kala duwan oo waxyeelo ah. AdWare inta badan ma dhaawacdo wax ula kac ah. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay xayeysiisku ka dhigaysaa shaashaddaada.

Tani waxay ka dhigi kartaa kumbiyuutarka mid aan la isticmaali karin adiga oo isku buuqsan shaashadda oo isticmaalaya kheyraad badan oo nidaamka, laakiin marka aad ka saarto AdWare kumbuyuutarkaagu waa inuusan ka sii xumaan.

Spyware sidoo kale marar dhif ah ayuu wax yeelo toos ah u geysto, laakiin aad ayuu u xaasidnimo badan yahay. Software-kani adiga ayuu ku basaasayaa ka dibna wuxuu dib ugu warbixiyaa abuurihiisa. Taasi waxay ku lug yeelan kartaa duubista shaashaddaada, ku daawashada adiga oo isticmaalaya kamaradaada webka iyo inaad gasho dhammaan furayaashaada si aad u xaddo furaha sirta ah. Taasi waa walxo cabsi leh, mar haddii tani ay dhacdo gadaal, xitaa ma ogaan doontid inay wax socdaan.

Barnaamijyada^{(Specialized)} ka saarista malware-ka gaarka ah sida AdAware waxay samayn doonaan shaqo gaaban barnaamijyadan, laakiin sidoo kale waxaad ka hortagi kartaa caabuqa si la mid ah sida aad u sameyso trojans iyo fayrasyada.

Afduubayaasha browserka^{(Browser Hijackers)}

Afduubayaasha Browser^{(Browser hijackers)} waa xanuun gaar ah oo qoorta ah. Malware-kan waxa uu la wareegayaa biraawsarkaaga waxa uuna kuu jiheeyaa boggaga faa'iido u leh abuuraha. Mararka qaarkood tani waxay ka dhigan tahay makiinadaha raadinta been-abuurka ah ama been-abuurka ah. Mararka qaarkood waxa ay la macno tahay in lagu jiheeyay goobo been abuur ah ama bogag ay ka buuxaan xayaysiisyo xunxun.

Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah in isla software-ka ka-hortagga Malware-ka ee xanaaneeya adware iyo spyware uu sidoo kale wax ka qaban doono afduubayaasha browser-ka. Haddii aad ku shaqeyneyso Windows 10 sidoo kale aad ayey uga yar tahay dhibaatada, sababtoo ah WIndows waxay u baahan tahay ogolaanshahaaga si ay u sameyso noocyada isbeddelada ay u baahan yihiin afduubayaasha browserka inay shaqeeyaan.

You’re The Most Important Part!

Haddii dadku inta badan yihiin qaybta ugu daciifsan nidaamka amniga kumbuyuutarka waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan qaybta ugu xoogga badan dhammaan. Isku day in aad akhrido khatarihii ugu dambeeyay ee amniga internetka marka aad fursad u hesho. Isku day inaad ku dhaqanto aasaaska, mabaadi'da badbaadada dareenka-caamka ah ee aan kor kaga hadalnay oo baro inaad aaminto mindhicirkaaga. Ma jiro wax la yiraahdo nabad-gelyo kaamil ah, laakiin taasi macnaheedu maaha inaad tahay dhibane qarsoon oo dambiyada internetka ah.

How to Protect Your Computer from Hackers, Spyware and Viruses

Cybersecurity is super-important. We live a significant part of our lives online and оn compυting deviсes. Whether it’ѕ a laptop, a smartphone or your desktop computer at work – you’ve got valuable information shady peоple would lovе to have. Wouldn’t it be nice if you knew how to prоtect your cоmputer from hackers and all the other hazards оf the digital world?

The good news is that it’s not difficult to learn some core tips and tricks that will significantly improve your safety on the net. Get ready, because this is going to be a mega guide of practical advice that will help you use a computer and the internet without getting burned.

Learning Good Cybersecurity Habits

When we’re young, our parents teach us general rules for life meant to keep us safe. Always look both ways before crossing the street. Never get in a car with a stranger. That sort of thing.

Sadly the technology of today didn’t exist when many of us were young, so there’s a definite need to have the same sort of common sense, but adapted for the digital world.

Use Strong Passwords & a Password Manager

Passwords are still one of our best defenses against getting hacked. Most sites will have a minimum password complexity. For example, they’ll say a password must be a certain length and contain a particular mix of character types. Sadly, any sort of password that a human being can easily remember is likely to be one that can be broken through brute-force guesses sooner rather than later.

The best thing you can do to protect your computer from hackers is use a trusted password manager. These managers keep track of all your passwords securely and will generate randomized strong passwords that are almost impossible to guess using brute force or any other password cracking method.

The good news is that most people don’t have to go looking very far for a password manager. Google Chrome already has a very competent one built in. You can generate strong passwords within the browser and sync them to the cloud. So wherever you’re logged into your Google Account, you can retrieve passwords with ease.

Password Protect Everything

Of course, you need to set passwords on anything that could fall into the wrong hands. Your computer, phone and tablet should all have their own passcodes or passwords. Biometric unlocking, such as fingerprint or facial recognition, aren’t quite as secure. So it’s a good idea to familiarize yourself with your device’s biometric kill-switch if it has one.

This is a command or keypress that disables anything but passcode entry. For example, if someone forces you to hand your computer or phone over, they can’t access the device without your code. They can however point the camera at your face or place your finger on the fingerprint sensor.

Use Encryption Wherever Possible

Encryption is a technique that mathematically scrambles your data, so that it can’t be read without the proper key. For example, websites that start with “https” use a secure encrypted method of sending data. So only you and the receiving website know what’s being said.

Outsiders, such as your service provider or anyone inspecting the data packets as they pass through various stops on the internet only know your IP address and the address of the page you’re visiting.

Not only should you avoid websites that don’t use encryption, you should also stick to chat services that offer “end-to-end” encryption. WhatsApp is an example of this. End-to-end encryption stops even WhatsApp itself from knowing what’s being said in your chats.

Don’t Trust Anyone Blindly

One of the biggest risks you’ll face when online, comes from impersonation and anonymity. When interacting with someone, you have no idea whether they are who they say they are. In fact, thanks to artificial intelligence, you can’t even be sure that you’re interacting with a real human being at all.

This means that it’s very important to get some sort of third-party confirmation that you’re in contact with the person you should be. Even if the person is who they say, you should also take their claims and promises with a pinch of salt. Treat them with at least the same skepticism as you would with a new acquaintance in real life.

Use Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) Whenever Possible

Two-factor authentication is a security method where you use a completely different channel as the second part of your password. It’s one of the best ways these days to protect your accounts from hackers. So, for example, you might receive a one-time PIN through your email account or as a text message to a registered number when you log into a service. With “2FA” getting your password stolen isn’t enough for the bad guys to access your account.

Of course, with enough effort, it’s possible for criminals to get around 2FA. They can also try to hack your email password or perform a “SIM swap” scam and take control of your phone number. However, this is a lot of extra effort and risks, which makes it unlikely that you’ll be targeted in this way at random. As such, 2FA is one of the strongest deterrents you can put in place.

Dealing With Hackers

The term “hacker” has a broad set of meanings in the computer world. Lots of people think of themselves as hackers and people who really are hackers might not conform to the image most people get from the movies. Nonetheless, hackers are out there, which means you need to know how to deal with them.

Types Of Hackers

Let’s start off by clearing up a few misconceptions. Not all hackers are criminals. It used to be that legal hackers insisted that criminal hackers be referred to as “crackers”, but the term never really stuck in the mainstream.

There are three kinds of hackers: white hat, grey hat and black hat.

White Hat hackers are also referred to as “ethical” hackers. These hackers never break the law and everything they do is with the consent of their targets. For example, a company wanting to test their network security may hire a white hat hacker to do a “penetration test”. If they manage to break in, they’ll steal or damage nothing. Instead, they’ll report to the client and help them devise a fix for their security vulnerability.

Grey hat hackers also don’t deliberately do harm, but they aren’t above breaking the law in order to satisfy their curiosity or find holes in a security system. For example, a grey hat may do an unsolicited penetration test on someone’s system and then let them know about it afterwards. As the name suggests, grey hats can be criminal, but not malicious.

Black hat hackers are the boogeymen that most people think of when you use the word. These are malicious computer experts who are out to make money or simply sow anarchy. It’s the black hat variety that we’re all meant to be wary of.

Be Aware of Social Engineering

It’s easy to think of hackers using high-tech methods to break into systems, but the truth is that the strongest tool in a hacker’s arsenal doesn’t involve computers at all. A system is only as strong as its weakest link and, more often than not, that weak link is a human being. So, rather than taking a strong technological system on, hackers will target the weaknesses in human psychology.

One common tactic is to phone someone, such as a secretary or low-level technical staff at a company. The hacker will pose as a technician or an authority and ask for information. Sometimes the information isn’t obviously sensitive.

There are also social engineering techniques that can be done via text chat, in-person or in email.

Learn To Spot Harmful Emails

Email remains one of the most popular ways for malicious people to get at you. It’s perfect, because you can simply send off millions of emails and find a few lucrative victims through sheer large numbers.

The best defense against harmful emails is to know how to spot them. Any email which offers you implausible rewards and requires you to part with money, should be discarded. It may be easy to laugh at the idea of a prince in some far off land who’ll give you millions of dollars, if you’ll only part with a relatively small amount now. Yet, each year millions of dollars are stolen from people who fall for these scams. If something seems fishy or too good to be true, it probably is.

One of the best ways to detect these scams is to put the text of the email into Google or by visiting a site like ScamBusters. There’s bound to be a very similar scam already on the record.

Apart from the general class of scam emails, there are also phishing and spear phishing emails. These emails aim to get information from you that can then be used in further attacks. The most common targets are usernames and passwords.

A phishing email usually has a link in it that leads to a fake website, meant to look like your online banking facility or some other site you have an account with. Thinking you’re on the real site, you enter your user name and password, handing it directly to people who should not have it.

Spear phishing is the same thing, except that those targeting you know who you are. So they will tailor the email to contain details specific to you. They might even try to pose as your boss or someone you know.

The way to deal with phishing attempts and protect your computer from hackers is to never click on links from unsolicited emails. Always navigate to the site yourself and make sure the web address is exactly correct. Spear phishing attempts can be thwarted by using a second channel to verify it.

For example, if it’s someone saying they are from your bank, phone the bank and ask to speak with that person directly. Likewise, pick up the phone and ask your boss, friend or acquaintance whether they really sent the mail in question or not.

Be Extra Cautious When Away From Home

It’s easy to think of hackers as people who ply their trade from miles away, sitting in front of a computer in a dark room somewhere. In real life, the person sitting at a table in the coffee shop could very well be hacking you while sipping on a latte.

Public spaces can provide easy pickings for hackers. They can try to fool you in-person by asking you for private information. The sort of stuff you’d put in security questions or can be used in social engineering attacks. Sometimes people can simply look over your shoulder as you type in a password or display sensitive information.

A common threat is public WiFi. Anyone who’s on the same WiFi network as you, can see the information your device is sending and receiving. They may even get access to your device directly if it’s not configured properly somehow.

The most important precaution to take if you have to make use of a public WiFi network is to use a VPN, which will encrypt all data leaving your computer. You should also use a firewall and specifically mark the WiFi network as a public one, to block direct access from other users on the network. Usually you’’ll be asked if a network is private or public when you first connect to it.

The last major thing you should be wary of is public USB devices. Never stick a found flash drive into your own computer or a work computer. Hackers often leave infected drives with spyware around hoping that someone will plug it into their computer, giving them access.

Public charging spots are also dangerous. You should use a USB cable that can only provide power and not data when charging from unknown sources. Just in case the charger has been replaced with a hacked one.

Dealing With Malicious Software

Malicious software includes viruses, spyware, adware, trojans and various other subtypes of nasty software packages.We’ll go over each type of malicious software and then also cover how to either avoid or fix the issue.

Computer Viruses

Quite possibly the best-known form of malware, a computer virus is a self-replicating piece of software that spreads from one computer to the next through disks, drives and email. Viruses are not standalone programs. Instead, they usually tack themselves on to another legitimate program and execute their code when you run that program.

Apart from making copies of itself to infect new computers, viruses also have a “payload”. This can be something harmless or mildly irritating, such as a message that pops up to laugh at you or it can be serious. Such as a virus that completely wipes all your data.

The good news is that viruses cannot spread themselves. They need help from you! The first and most important safeguard is antivirus software. Windows Defender, which comes with Windows 10, is perfectly adequate for most people, but there are many choices out there. While macOS and Linux viruses exist, these markets are relatively small, so virus creators don’t bother too often.

That’s changing however, and if you do use one of these operating systems it’s a good idea to find an antivirus package you like, before their increasing popularity brings a flood of new opportunistic viruses.

Apart from using an antivirus package, common sense precautions include not sticking your USB drives into any old computer you come across. Especially public machines. You should also be very wary of running software you find on the internet that’s not from a reputable source. Pirated software, apart from being illegal, is a hotbed of viruses and other malware.