Waxay yiraahdeen runta ayaa jirta taasna waxaa ku^(does) jira internetka. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in runta ay maansheyso culeyska badan ee war-xumada, marin-habaabinta iyo been-abuurka cad.

Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah in qaar ka mid ah (aan) caqli-gal ah, ay suurtagal tahay in la helo dareen wanaagsan waxa ay u badan tahay inay run ama been ka yihiin internetka.

Ka fiirso Isha

Waxyaabaha runta ah waa run iyadoon loo eegin cidda sheegtay, laakiin suurtogalnimada ilo la aamini karo, oo hufan oo^{(trusted, transparent source)} si sax ah u soo tebiya xaqiiqooyinka aad ayay uga badan tahay kuwa leh rikoodh liita ama aan la aqoon. Markaa marka hore waxaad ku meelayn kartaa miisaan dheeraad ah ilaha macluumaadka ee ku xidhan xeerar (sida guddiyada sayniska ama saxaafadda) oo aad ku dhegganaato hababka la yaqaan ee ururinta iyo tebinta wararka.  

Aad uga digtoonow mareegaha aan tooska ahayn ee leh milkiilayaasha iyo qorayaasha aan la garanayn. Goobaha noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon karaan kuwo aad u caan ah oo ka mid ah nooc gaar ah oo ka mid ah isticmaalaha internetka ee jecel shirqoolka^{(conspiracy-loving internet user)} , kaas oo la wadaagi doona xiriirkan la gusto. Haddii xidhiidhkaaga ugu horreeya ee sheeko ama macluumaadka uu ka yimid goobtan oo kale, tillaabadaada xigta ee xaqiijinta haddii ay wax run yihiin ama been yihiin waa inaad caddayso macluumaadka.

Marka xigta, tixgeli ilo badan

Xitaa haddii aad u aragto in isha ugu horreysa ay tahay mid la aamini karo oo furan, waa inaad ka raadisaa xaqiijinta xaqiiqooyinka aasaasiga ah ee ilo madax-bannaan.

Waxay ku siin doonaan xaglo kale oo ku saabsan sheekada, macluumaad dheeraad ah waxayna xaqiijin doonaan ilaha iyo warbixinta ishaada koowaad. Haddii ilo-wareedyo badan oo madax-bannaani ay isku si u sheegaan, suurtogalnimada waxa ay sheegaan inay run yihiin ayaa kor u kacaysa.

Ka raadi daboolida qaabka AP

Waxaa jira siyaabo badan oo kala duwan oo sheeko loo tebiyo. Habka soo jireenka ah ee saxafiyiinta loogu tabobaro in ay u soo tebiyaan dhacdooyinka iyo xogta bulshada waxa ay raacdaa dhawr xeer oo aasaasi ah, kuwaas oo ay ka mid yihiin.

• U sheeg akhristayaasha "yaa, maxay, goorma, meesha iyo sida"
• Marka hore sii xaqiiqooyinka ugu muhiimsan iyo xaqiiqooyin dheeraad ah oo ka dambeeya sheekada
• Ka warbixi wixii dhacay adiga oo aan ku darin ama ku darin fikradahaaga

Marka sheeko laga qoro aragti siyaasadeed ama aragti gaar ah, waxay bilaabataa inay joojiso war ahaan waxayna u guurtaa saaxadda tifaftirka.

Kaas oo noo keena Associated Press ama "AP" heerarka warbixinta. Waxaad arki kartaa waxa AP ku waajibiyay halkan^(here) . Marka la soo koobo, sheekooyinka nooca AP-da ah waxay isku dayaan in ay yareeyaan eexda oo ay adiga kuu daayaan tarjumaada xaqiiqooyinka muhiimka ah. Markaa ugu yaraan waxa mudan in lagu daro nooca AP ee sheeko qiimayntaada guud ee waxa run ah iyo waxa aan ahayn.

Muuqaalo iyo Sawiro Run maaha

Waxaan ku noolnahay da'dii hore ee sawir-qaadista iyo muuqaalka muuqaalka. Photoshop iyo farsamooyinka sirdoonka macmalka ah ee qoto dheer^(deepfake) waxay ka dhigan tahay in dadka faafinaya macluumaad khaldan ay abuuri karaan dhammaan noocyada "caddayn" muuqaal ah oo qayb ahaan ama gebi ahaanba la been abuuray.

Taas oo la macno ah in ay mudan tahay in la sugo khubarada baadhista dambiyada si ay u xaqiijiyaan in aan warbaahintan la faragelin. Xitaa haddii aan sawir ama muuqaal aan la faragelin, taasi macnaheedu maaha inay ka tarjumayso runta ama ugu yaraan runta oo dhan.

Sawirku waa sawir wakhtiga lagu jiro. Ma kuu sheegayso waxba ku saabsan wixii dhacay ka hor ama ka dib sawirka la qaaday. Ma arki kartid waxa ka socda meel ka baxsan qaabka oo ma lihid macnaha guud ee nuxurka sawirka. Dhammaan waxyaalahaas oo dhan waxay bedelaan macnaha sawirka!

Si la mid ah fiidiyowyada. Fiidiyowyada^(Videos) waxaa loo jari karaa si ay ula jaan qaadaan sheeko gaar ah. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaadan garanayn waxa dhacay ka hor ama ka dib clip-ka. Ma garanaysid waxa dhex maray jarista goos gooska. Sidoo kale ma garanaysid waxa ka dhacay meel ka baxsan qaabka sawirka. Markaa miisaan aad u badan ha ku xidhin sawir ama qalab muuqaal ah keligiis.

Ilaha iyo Tixraacyada dib u eegista

Sheeko kastaa waxay ku salaysan tahay silsiladda warbixin kale ilaa ay dib ugu noqoto isha asaasiga ah. Yacni, haddii uusan qoraaga sheekadu si toos ah uga soo tebin isha asaasiga ah! Mar kasta oo uu qof sameeyo sheegasho ama soo gudbiyo dhacdooyinka, waxaa aad muhiim u ah inaad eegto ilaha ay soo xiganayaan. Ilahaas ma yihiin kuwo la isku halleyn karo? Xaggee ka keeneen xogtooda? 

Muhiimad ahaan, isha la soo xigtay dhab ahaantii ma taageertaa tarjumaada ama gunaanadka odhaahda asalka ah ee ku tiirsan? Markaad raacdo silsiladda tixraacyada, waxaad ogaan kartaa meelaha wax laga maroojiyay ama laga sameeyay.

Codso Fikirka Muhiimka ah ee Aasaasiga ah

Marka laga reebo xaqiiqda hubinta iyo tixgelinta isha macluumaadka, waa inaad sidoo kale isku daydaa inaad marto ugu yaraan hab-fekerka muhiimka ah ee aasaasiga ah markaad qiimeynayso in hadalku run yahay ama been yahay. Maxay taasi ku lug leedahay? Aan iska tuurno dhibcaha rasaasta oo aan fududeyno:

• Weydii^(Ask) sida ay macluumaadka u tahay macquul. Sheegashooyinka aan caadiga ahayn waxay u baahan yihiin caddayn aan caadi ahayn!
• Silsiladda caqligu ma jabna? Ma boodbood caqli-gal ah oo caqli-gal ah ayaa lagu sameeyay meel khadka dhex taal?
• Ma^(Are) jiraan sharraxaad kale ama gabagabo laga soo saari karo xaqiiqooyinka la soo bandhigay?
• Ma jiraa shaki macquul ah oo ah in xaqiiqadu khalad noqon karto? (tusaale, markhaatiyaal aan la isku hallayn karin)
• Sidee suurtogal u tahay sheekadu sida loo soo bandhigay? 

Ujeedadu maaha in aad xaqiiqada dhabta ah ka qodo xogta aad gacanta ku hayso. Waa in la caddeeyo inta uu le'eg yahay shakiga macquulka ah ee ku saabsan waxa aad dhab ahaantii aragto. 

Ha u isticmaalin Baraha Bulshada^{(Use Social Media)} sidii ishaada ^{(Your Source)}Wararka^(News)

Tani waxay u badan tahay inay tahay waxa ugu muhiimsan ee aad samayn karto si aad u nadiifiso qulqulka macluumaadkaaga. Warbaahinta bulshadu^{(Social media)} aad bay ugu nugul tahay eexda, sababtoo ah waxay si ula kac ah isku xidhaa dadka isku aragti ah. Ma helaysid fikrado iyo sheekooyin ka tarjumaya celcelis ama aragtiyo kala duwan.

Inkastoo ay aad u fiican tahay in dabaysha shay muhiim ah lagu qabto warbaahinta bulshada, maaha fikrad fiican in la raadiyo xaqiijin ama xaqiiqooyin cayriin ah. Waxaad aad uga fiican tahay inaad ka baxdo warbaahinta bulshada oo aad sameyso xaqiiqadaada raadinta meel kale.

Codso Talooyinkan si Xul ah

Waxaan rajeyneynaa in talada maqaalkani ay kaa caawin doonto inaad rumaysato macluumaadka xun marar badan oo ay kuu ogolaato inaad aqoonsato macluumaadka wanaagsan si kalsooni dheeraad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa iska cad in aanay suurtogal ahayn in la baadho xog kasta oo kuu soo socota maalin kasta ilaa heerkan. Marna ma heli doontid wakhti aad wax kale ku samayso. Dabcan, had iyo jeer waxaad u jeedsan kartaa boggaga hubinta sida Snopes inta badan sidoo kale, laakiin xitaa bogaggan way khaldami karaan.

Haddaba maxaa la gudboon in aad samayso? Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad kaliya ku dabaqdo baaris qoto dheer sheekooyinka iyo macluumaadka muhiimka ah. Taasi waxay la macno noqon kartaa inay adiga shakhsi ahaan muhiim kuu yihiin ama inay muhiim u yihiin dareen caalami ah.

Qofka^(Did) caanka ah ma run ahaantii qof wejigiisa cabitaan buu ku tuuray? Waxay u badan tahay in aysan macno lahayn. Tani maahan sheegasho muhiim ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii qof uu daawado kansar aan la hubin oo aan la tijaabin, taasi waa wax aad loo baaro si taxadar leh. 

Waa inaad isticmaashaa nooc ka mid ah "kala soocida mawduuca" oo aad go'aansatid waxyaalaha aadka u fudud ama aan khusayn ee aad kula legdamayso. Taas waxaa la yiraahdaa, ha u gudbin macluumaadka aadan hubin dadka kale, sababtoo ah waxay noqon kartaa mid ku habboon ama muhiim u ah iyaga oo xitaa u horseedi karta waxyeello haddii aysan ka hadlin oo aakhirka rumaystaan.

Qeexida in sheegashadu ay run tahay ama been tahay way adkaan kartaa mana jiraan wax la yiraahdo saxsanaan buuxda, laakiin markaad dabaqdo shaandhada ugu muhiimsan, waxaad halkaas ku heli kartaa 90%.

How To Tell What’s True or False On The Internet

They sаy the truth is out thеrе and that does include the internet. The problem is that the truth is drowned out by the sheer weight of twisted, misleading and outright false information.

The good news is that with some (un)common sense, it’s possible to get a good sense of what’s likely to be true or false on the internet.

Consider The Source

True things are true regardless of who says them, but the likelihood of a trusted, transparent source accurately reporting the facts is much higher than ones with a poor or unknown track record. So initially you can assign more weight to sources of information that are subject to regulation (such as scientific or journalistic boards) and stick to known methodologies of gathering and reporting the news.  

Be very wary of random websites with anonymous owners and writers. Such sites can be very popular among a certain type of conspiracy-loving internet user, who will share these links with gusto. If your first contact with a story or information is from such a site, your next step to confirming if something is true or false is to corroborate the information.

Next, Consider Multiple Sources

Even if you regard the first source as being both trustworthy and open, you should look for corroboration of the basic facts from several independent sources.

They’ll provide other angles on the story, additional information and corroborate the sources and reporting of your first source. If multiple independent sources are saying the same thing, the probability of what they say being the truth goes up.

Look For AP-style Coverage

There are many different ways to report a story. The traditional way that journalists are trained to report events and information to the public follows a few basic rules, which include things like:

• Tell the readers “who, what, when, where and how”
• Give the most important facts first and additional facts later in the story
• Report what happened without spin or adding your own opinions

When a story is written from a particular political or ideological view, it begins to stop being news and moves into the editorial realm.

Which brings us to Associated Press or “AP” reporting standards. You can see what the AP mandates here. In short, AP-style stories try to minimize bias and leave the interpretation of key facts up to you. So at the very least it’s worth including the AP version of a story in your total assessment of what’s true and what isn’t.

Videos And Photos Are Not The Truth

We live in an age of advanced photo and video manipulation. Photoshop and deepfake artificial intelligence techniques mean that people spreading misinformation can create all sorts of visual “evidence” that’s partially or completely fabricated.

Which means it’s worth waiting for forensic experts to verify that these media have not been tampered with. Even if a photo or video has not been tampered with, that does not mean it reflects the truth or at least the whole truth.

A photo is just a snapshot in time. It tells you nothing about what happened before or after the photo was taken. You can’t see what’s going on outside the frame and you have no context for the content of the image. All of these things fundamentally change what the image means!

The same goes for video. Videos can be cut in such a way that they align with a certain narrative. Which means you don’t know what happened before or after the clip. You don’t know what happened between cuts in the clip. You also don’t know what happened outside of the frame of the clip. So don’t attach too much weight to either photo or video material by itself.

Review Sources And References

Every story is based on a chain of other reporting until it leads back to the primary source. That is, unless the writer of the story is reporting directly from the primary source! Whenever someone makes a claim or relays events, it’s critically important that you look up the sources they are quoting. Are those sources reliable? Where did they get their information from? 

Crucially, does the quoted source actually support the interpretation or conclusion of the original statement that relies on it? By following the chain of references, you can discover where things have been twisted or fabricated.

Apply Basic Critical Thinking

Apart from fact-checking and considering the source of information, you should also try to go through at least a basic critical-thinking process when assessing whether a statement is true or false. What does that involve? Let’s whip out the bullet points and make it easy:

• Ask how reasonable the information is. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence!
• Is the chain of logic unbroken? Is an unwarranted leap of logic made somewhere along the line?
• Are there alternative explanations or conclusions that can be drawn from the facts as presented?
• Is there reasonable doubt that the facts could be wrong? (e.g. unreliable witnesses)
• How feasible is the story as presented? 

The point is not to dig out the real truth just from the information you have at hand. It’s to establish how much doubt is reasonable about what you’re actually seeing. 

Don’t Use Social Media As Your Source Of News

This is probably the most important thing you can do in order to clean up your stream of information. Social media is highly-susceptible to bias, because it deliberately networks people with similar views together. You aren’t getting a feed of opinions and stories that reflect an average or varied set of views.

While it’s perfectly fine to catch wind of something important via social media, it’s not a great idea to look for confirmation or raw facts there. You’re much better off stepping outside of social media and doing your fact finding elsewhere instead.

Apply These Tips Selectively

We hope the advice in this article will help you believe bad information less often and let you identify good information with more confidence. However, it’s obviously impossible to scrutinize each and every bit of information that comes your way each day to this level. You’d never have time to do anything else. Of course, you can always turn to fact-checking sites such as Snopes for most things as well, but even these sites can get it wrong.

So what are you supposed to do then? We suggest that you only apply deep scrutiny to stories and information that matter. That can either mean that they matter to you personally or that they matter in a more universal sense.

Did that celebrity really throw a drink in someone’s face? It probably doesn’t matter. This isn’t an important claim. However, if someone is touting an unproven and untested cure for cancer, that’s very much something to investigate carefully. 

You have to apply a sort of “topic triage” to things and decide which things are too trivial or too irrelevant to you to wrestle with. That being said, don’t pass on information you aren’t very sure about to other people, because it might be relevant or important to them and can even lead to harm if they aren’t critical about it and end up believing it.

Defining whether a claim is true or false can be hard and there’s no such thing as absolute accuracy, but by applying the most basic of filters, you can get 90% there.

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