Marka aad ku qorto URL degelka^{(website URL)} barta ciwaanka ee biraawsarkaaga, codsi waxa loo diraa nooc ka mid ah serfarka intarneedka ee loo yaqaan magaca domainka^{(domain name server)(domain name server)} . Serfarkani waxa uu qaadanayaa URL- ka aad qortay ka bacdina waxa uu eegayaa ciwaanada IP-ga gaarka ah ee ku qoran serferada dhabta ah ee martigeliya macluumaadka aad raadinayso. 

Dhibka uu leeyahay kan ayaa ah in haddii ay wax ka qaldan yihiin server-ka magaca, ma aad geli doontid goobta saxda ah. Waxaaba ka sii daran, haddii la afduubay server-ka magaca, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ku danbeyso goob been abuur ah! Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah inaad gacanta ku qeexi karto xiriirka ka dhexeeya ciwaannada IP-yada gaarka ah iyo cinwaannada degelka, si fudud adoo ku daraya raadinta deegaanka ee DNS faylkaaga "martigeliyayaasha".

Waa maxay faylka martida loo yahay?

Faylka martida loo yahay waa sahlan tahay in la fahmo. Waa fayl qoraal ah oo cad. Dhacdo ahaan, tani waa sababta ay tahay inaad kaliya u saxdo faylka wax la mid ah Notepad , kaas oo aan isku dayi doonin inuu beddelo qaabka ama ku daro qaabayn dheeri ah faylka.

Gudaha faylka martida loo yahay, waxaad ku dari kartaa liiska cinwaannada IP-ga oo ay la socdaan ciwaanka shabakadda ee ciwaanka IP-gu uu tilmaamayo. Waxaad isku dari kartaa^{(any )} ciwaanka IP-ga iyo ciwaanka mareegta, xitaa haddii aysan dhab ahaantii isla socon. Waxaad ka dhigi kartaa cinwaanka IP-ga dhabta ah ee Bing.com Google.com haddii aad rabto.

Daaqadaha ayaa had iyo jeer eegi doona faylka martida loo yahay ka hor intaysan u dirin codsi server magaceed. Markaa haddii ciwaanka aad ku qorto biraawsarkaaga shabakadu ku taxan yahay faylka martida loo yahay, waxa laguu wareejin doonaa ciwaanka IP-ga ee ku taxan faylka.

Waa maxay Raadinta DNS Maxaliga ah?

Habka lagu qeexay cutubka hore waa raadinta DNS maxalli ah. Kumbiyuutarkaagu wuxuu ka eegayaa ciwaanka IP-ga laftiisa, diskka deegaankaaga, adigoon u baahnayn inaad la xidhiidho server dibadeed. Way fududahay!

Waa maxay sababta loogu daro Raadinta DNS-ka Maxalliga ah ee ^{(Add Local DNS Lookup)}Faylka^(File) martida loo yahay ?

Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo aad u rabto inaad ku darto raadinta deegaanka ee DNS faylka martidaada. Waxaan horay u soo sheegnay dhowr sababood bilowga maqaalka, laakiin dadku waxay heleen dhowr siyaabood oo hal abuur leh oo loo isticmaalo sifadan fudud. 

Hal sabab oo muhiim ah oo loogu daro galitaanka faylka martida loo yahay waa xawaaraha. Had iyo jeer way ka dhakhso badan tahay in la sameeyo baadhitaan maxalli ah intii aad u bixi lahayd server dibadeed. Gaar ahaan haddii aan la isku halayn karin seerfarkaas. Gelida goobahaaga ugu muhiimsan ama inta badan la isticmaalo ee faylka martida loo yahay waxay la macno tahay inaadan waligaa ka walwalin adeegaaga DNS oo keenaya arrimaha gelitaanka.

Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa faylka martida loo yahay si aad u xannibto boggaga^{(block sites)} aanad marnaba rabin in kombuyuutarku galo. Waxa kaliya oo ay tahay inaad sameyso waa inaad gelisaa ciwaanka IP-ga faylka martida loo yahay ee goobtaas oo aan meelna tagin ama aan tilmaamin ciwaanka IP-ga aan wanaagsanayn. Jihaynta caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah 0.0.0.0 iyo 127.0.0.1, Kani waa waxa loogu yeero ciwaanka "loopback". Fiiri muuqaalkeena YouTube^{(YouTube video)} si aad u hesho tafaasiil dheeraad ah oo taas ku saabsan.

Haddii aad haysato aaladaha maxalliga ah sida router-ka, kamaradaha IP-ga, kaydinta shabakada-ku-xiran iyo wixii la mid ah, waxaad isticmaali kartaa faylka martida loo yahay si aad u siiso ciwaankooda IP-ga magac si fudud loo xasuusan karo.

Isticmaalka faylalka martida loo yahay ee horay loo sameeyay

Haddii ay u muuqato mid caajis ah in lagu daro daraasiin ama xitaa boqolaal goobood faylka martigeliyahaaga, markaa keligaa ma tihid! Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah in ay jiraan meelo badan oo shabakadda ah oo aad ka heli karto liisas horay loo sameeyay oo aad si fudud u koobi karto oo aad ku dhejin karto faylkaaga martida loo yahay.

Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee tan waa in ay jiri karaan dariiqyo xaasidnimo ah oo ku qarsoon liisaskan. Taas macnaheedu waa inaad u baahan tahay inaad gacanta ku xaqiijiso ciwaan kasta oo IP ah ama aad hubiso inaad ku kalsoon tahay isha liiska.

Tafatirka faylka ^(File)Hosts gudaha Windows 10

Mar haddii faylka martida loo yahay uu ka tago qol xumaan, ma furi kartid oo kaliya waxba kama beddeli kartid. Waxaad u baahan doontaa mudnaanta maamulaha kumbuyuutarkaaga si aad isbeddel u samayso. Kahor intaadan wax isbeddel ah ku samayn faylka martida loo yahay, waxaanu si adag kuugula talinaynaa inaad nuqul ka sameyso oo aad ku dhejiso waxa ku jira fayl qoraal kale haddii ay wax qaldamaan!

Si aad wax uga beddesho faylkaaga martida loo yahay Windows 10 , raac tillaabooyinkan:

1. Fur menu-ka bilawga^{(Start Menu)} oo ku qor "Notepad".

1. Marka Notepad soo muuqdo, midig-guji oo dooro " Run as administration".

1. n notepad, dhagsii Fur^(Open) oo madaxa c:WindowsSystem32Driversetchosts oo fur faylka martida loo yahay. Xusuusnow^(Remember) inaad u beddesho nooca faylka oo aad u beddesho "Dhammaan Files". 

1. Waa inaad ka aragto faylka martida loo yahay ee Microsoft . 

1.  Ha ka werwerin mid ka mid ah qoraalka hore ugu jiray dukumeentiga. Kaliya waxaad uga tagi kartaa sida uu yahay oo waxaad ku dari kartaa gelitaannadaada xagga hoose ee faylka. Sadar kasta oo ku bilaabma calaamada "#" waxa loo daaweeyaa faalo oo looma isticmaalo raadinta magaca.

Ku darista raadinta maxaliga ah ee liiska waa mid aad u fudud. Kaliya^(Just) qor cinwaanka IP-ga ee goobta, oo ay ku xigto meel bannaan ka dibna ciwaanka mareegaha.

Xusuusnow^(Remember) inaad kaydiso waxaad ku dartay markaad xidhid faylka. Taasi waa waxa kaliya ee ay tahay inaad sameyso! Hadda kombayutarkaagu wuxuu ka boodi doonaa dhammaan habka raadinta DNS marka la gelayo boggaga aad sheegtay.

Sida Loo Helo Ciwaanka IP-ga ee Mareegta

Maxaa dhacaya haddii aadan aqoon cinwaanka IP-ga ee goobta aad rabto inaad ku darto faylka martidaada? Runtii way fududahay in la helo ciwaanka IP-ga ee goobta adoo isticmaalaya Command Prompt in Windows 10. Waa kan sida:

1. Fur menu-ka bilawga oo ku qor "cmd".

1. Kadib marka uu furmo Command Prompt , ku qor "tracert" oo ay ku xigto meel bannaan iyo goobta aad rabto inaad hubiso. Tusaalahan, waa “google.com”. Kadibna taabo furaha ku yaala kiiboodhkaga .^(Enter)

1. Halkan waxaad ku arki doontaa cinwaanka IP-ga ee goobta. Hadda waxaad isticmaali kartaa ciwaankan faylka martidaada.

Ciidanka Ugu Badan

Yaa u malaynaya in faylka qoraalka yar ee ku qarsoon galka Windows uu noqon karo mid faa'iido leh? Hadda waxaad tahay guru raadin maxalli ah oo habboon, oo la wareegaya sida kombayutarkaagu u galo mareegaha. 

How to Add a Local DNS Lookup to Hosts File

When you type a website URL into the address bar of your browser, a request is sent to a type of internet server known as a domain name server. This server takes the URL you typed and then checks which specific IP addresses are listed for the actual servers that host the content you’re looking for. 

The problem with this is that if something’s wrong with the name server, you’re not going to get access to the correct site. Even worse, if the name server has been hijacked, you might end up at a fake site! The good news is that you can manually specify the link between specific IP addresses and website addresses, simply by adding a local DNS lookup to your “hosts” file.

What Is The Hosts File?

The hosts file is simple to understand. It’s just a plain text file. Incidentally, this is why you should just edit the file with something like Notepad, which won’t try to change the format or add extra formatting to the file.

Inside the hosts file, you can add a list of IP addresses along with the web address that the IP address should point to. You can combine any IP address and web address, even if they don’t actually go together. You could make the actual IP address for Bing.com point to Google.com if you wanted to.

Windows will always check the hosts file first before sending a request to a name server. So if an address you type into your web browser is listed in the hosts file, you’ll be redirected to the IP address listed in the file.

What Is A Local DNS Lookup?

The process described in the previous paragraph is a local DNS lookup. Your computer looks up the IP address by itself, from your local disk, without needing to contact an external server. It’s that simple!

Why Add Local DNS Lookup To The Hosts File?

There are a few reasons you’d want to add a local DNS lookup to your hosts file. We’ve already mentioned a few reasons at the outset of the article, but people have found quite a few creative ways to use this simple feature. 

One important reason to add entries to your hosts file is speed. It will always be faster to do a local lookup than going out to an external server. Especially if that server is unreliable. Putting your most important or most frequently used sites in the hosts file means you never have to worry about your DNS service causing access issues.

You can also use the hosts file to block sites that you never want that computer to access. All you have to do is put an IP address into the hosts file for that site which either doesn’t go anywhere or points to a benign IP address. Common redirections include 0.0.0.0 and 127.0.0.1, This is the so-called “loopback” address. Check out our YouTube video for more details on that.

If you have local devices such as routers, IP cameras, network-attached storage and so on, you can use your hosts file to give their IP addresses an easy to remember name.

Using Premade Hosts Files

If it sounds pretty tedious to add dozens or even hundreds of sites to your hosts file, then you aren’t alone! The good news is that there are plenty of places on the web where you can find pre-made lists that you can simply copy and paste into your own hosts file.

The main problem with this is that there could be malicious reroutes hidden in these lists. Which means you either need to verify each IP address by hand or make sure that you trust the source of the list.

Editing The Hosts File In Windows 10

Since the hosts file leaves some room for mischief, you can’t just open it and edit away. You’ll need administrator privileges on your computer in order to make changes. Before you make any changes to your hosts file, we strongly recommend you copy and paste it’s original contents into another text file just in case something goes wrong!

To modify your hosts file in Windows 10, follow these steps:

1. Open the Start Menu and type “Notepad”.

1. Once Notepad appears, right-click on it and select “Run as administrator”.

1. n Notepad, click Open and head to c:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts and open it the hosts file. Remember to change the file type to “All Files”. 

1. You should see this default hosts file from Microsoft. 

1.  Don’t worry about any of the text already in the document. You can just leave it as is and add your own entries at the bottom of the file. Any line that starts with a “#” symbol is treated as a comment and not used for name lookups.

Adding a local lookup to the list is super-easy. Just write down the IP address of the site, followed by a space and then the website’s address.

Remember to save what you’ve added when closing the file. That’s all you have to do! Now your computer will skip over the whole DNS lookup process when accessing the sites you’ve specified.

How To Find A Website’s IP Address

What if you don’t know the IP address of a site you want to add to your hosts file? It’s actually pretty easy to find a site’s IP address using the Command Prompt in Windows 10. Here’s how:

1. Open the Start Menu and type “cmd”.

1. After the Command Prompt opens, type “tracert” followed by a space and the site you want to check. In this example, it’s “google.com”. Then press the Enter key on your keyboard.

1. Here you’ll see the IP address of the site.You can now use this address in your hosts file.

The Hosts With The Most

Who would think that such a small text file hidden deep in the Windows folder could turn out to be so useful? Now you’re a proper local lookup guru, taking control of how your computer accesses websites. 

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