Buuq^(Noise) . Way nagu wareegsan tahay. Haddi ay tahay ilmo ooyaya, hawo qaboojiyaha ama dhawaaqa noole ee shaqaalaha xafiiskaaga. Meel xasilloon oo laga shaqeeyo ama lagu raaxaysto xoogaa nasasho ah ayaa noqonaysa badeecad qaali ah. Tignoolajiyada baabi'inta qaylada^(Noise) waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad zen ku soo celiso noloshaada. 

Su'aashu waxay tahay, sidee buu u shaqeeyaa joojinta buuqa? Aynu ka gudubno mabaadi'da tignoolajiyada, si aad u samayn karto doorasho xog ogaal ah markaad iibsanayso qalabkaaga buuqa baabi'inta.

A (Aad) Dulmarka aasaasiga ah ee Codka

Codku waa tamar ku dhex socdaalaysa hir ahaan nooc ka mid ah walxaha. Waxaan guud ahaan maqalnaa dhawaaq hawada lagu kala qaado. 

Tusaale ahaan, xadhkaha gitaarka ayaa gariir hawada, isagoo garaacaya unugyada hawada. Unugyadaas waxay garaacaan deriskooda, iyo wixii la mid ah. Marka mawjada hawada dhex mareysa ay ku dhufato durbaanka dhegta, waxay ku dhaqaaqdaa isla inta jeer ee xarigga gitaarka^(guitar) . 

Maskaxdaadu waxay dhaqdhaqaaqaas u beddeshaa calaamado koronto oo aad markaas u aragto dhawaaq. Taasi waa sharaxaad aad u fudud oo ku saabsan waxa dhawaaqu yahay, laakiin waa waxa ugu yar ee aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato si aad u fahanto joojinta buuqa.

A ( Aad^(Very) ) Dulmarka aasaasiga ah^{(Basic Overview)} ee ka -hortagga dhawaaqa^(Anti-sound)

Mowjadu waxay leedahay sifooyin kala duwan. Waxay leedahay soo noqnoqosho, taas oo ah inta jeer ee mawjadu ay marto wareeg buuxa. 

Isticmaalka xadhkaha gitaarka tusaale ahaan mar kale. Soo noqnoqoshada waa sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee xadhiggu ugu dhaqaaqo hal gariir buuxa. Waxaan u aragnaa dhawaqa soo noqnoqda sare sida mid sare. Dhawaaqa soo noqnoqda hoose ayaa ka sii weyn. Marka laga reebo soo noqnoqoshada, hirarku waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin baaxad weyn. Taasi waa dhererka ugu sarreeya mawjada. Marka xigta, mawjada sidoo kale waxay leedahay weji. Tani waa meesha ugu sarreysa iyo mawjadaha hirarka.

Haddii aad dhaliso mowjad dhawaaq ah oo leh baaxad isku mid ah, laakiin wejiga ka soo horjeeda (ugu sarreeya waa halka ay mawjadaha hirarka kale ku yaalliin), waxay sababtaa faragelin burburin ah. Labada mawjadood ayaa si dhab ah midba midka kale u baabi'iyaa. Tan waxaa lagu samayn karaa si baaxad weyn, halkaas oo aad u baahan tahay inaad ku haysato tamar aad u badan oo ka mid ah dhaliyaha buuqaaga sida codka asalka ah laftiisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad rabto in aad tirtirto buuqa hal qof kaliya, uma baahnid awood badan gabi ahaanba, taas oo ah meesha buuqa baabi'inaya taleefoonnada dhegaha la gashado.

Taleefannada-madaxeedka ee buuqa joojinaya

Dhawaaqa baabi'inaya taleefoonnada dhegaha-dhegaha ayaa ah yaabab tignoolajiyadeed. Dusha taleefoonnada dhegaha la gashado, waxa jira makarafoono soo saara qaylada ambient ee ka baxsan dhegaha-dhegaha. Codkan waxaa lagu falanqeeyaa qalabka elegtarooniga ah ee korkiisa, iyadoo la adeegsanayo algorithm xisaabeed. Sameeyaha taleefoonka dhegaha kasta wuxuu leeyahay algorithm-ka-suugada sirta ah, kaas oo dhammaan u shaqeeya heerarka kala duwan ee waxtarka.

Algorithm-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xisaabiyo mowjadda ka-hortagga buuqa ee loo baahan yahay si ay si xun u farageliso buuqa agagaaraha meesha aad joogto. Kadibna aaladda loo yaqaan transducer, oo asal ahaan ah nooc ka mid ah hadalka, ayaa dhalisa mowjadda ka hortagga buuqa.

Saamaynta dhamaadka waa marka aad shido shaqada baabi'inta qaylada, waxaa si lama filaan ah kuugu daboolan aamusnaan (u dhow). Kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad ku raaxaysato codkaaga daacadnimo aad u wanaagsan ama aad ku raaxaysato nabad iyo xasillooni.

Joojinta qaylada^(Noise) firfircoon iyo dareenka

Habka aan hadda sharaxnay waxaa badanaa lagu tilmaamaa xaashida qeexitaanka alaabta sida "joojinta dhawaaqa firfircoon" ama wax la mid ah. Wareer^{(Confusingly)} , taleefannada-madaxeedyada qaarkood waxay sheeganayaan inay leeyihiin wax la yiraahdo "passive" joojinta dhawaaqa.

Aad bay muhiim u tahay inaan la isku khaldin labadan astaamood. Runtii ma jiro wax la mid ah joojinta dhawaaqa dadban. Ereygan waxa uu dhab ahaantii ka dhigan yahay in labo taleefoonnada dhegaha la gashto loo qorsheeyay in ay joojiyaan codka iyada oo la isticmaalayo xidhidhiyaha hore ee cad. 

Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in agabka iyo nashqada taleefoonnada dheguhu ay kaa go'doomiyaan qaylada dibadda ilaa xad. Marka laga eego dhinacaas, ku dhejinta farahaaga dhegahaaga sidoo kale waa " baabi'inta qaylada dadban".

Waxaa jira wax badan oo la yiraahdo labo taleefoonnada dhegaha la gashado oo bixiya go'doomin dhawaaq weyn, laakiin isku xirka joojinta dhawaaqa waa xoogaa suuqgeyn ah oo gacan ah.

Xaddidaadda Joojinta^{(Limitations)} qaylada firfircoon^{(Active Noise Cancellation)}

Tignoolajiyada baabi'inta qaylada firfircoon ee hadda^(Current) si fiican uma joojin karto buuqa. Waxay si cajiib ah u shaqeeyaan marka ay timaado si joogto ah, ilo sawaxan la saadaalin karo. Ka fikir^(Think) mishiinka jet-ka, huursan qaboojiyaha ama kombarada talaajadkaaga. Joojinta dhawaaqa firfircoon ee casriga ah^(Modern) ayaa si cajiib ah ugu wanaagsan in la tirtiro nooca dhawaaqa gabi ahaanba.

Taa beddelkeeda, dhawaaqyada lama filaanka ah ee aan la saadaalin karin ayaa keenaya caqabad aad u badan. Tan inta badan waxaa ku jira sheekeysiga qaylada dheer ee bini'aadamka, qof jebinaya koob quraarad ah ama qaylo kasta oo algorithm-ka uusan haysan waqti uu ku falanqeeyo. Taas oo la yiraahdo, nidaamyada cusub ee goynta leh soo-saareyaal degdeg ah iyo algorithms aad u casrisan ayaa bilaabaya inay la tacaalaan noocyada dhawaaqa sidoo kale. 

Mid ka mid ah tusaale xiiso leh oo ka mid ah tignoolajiyada gaarka ah ee baabi'inta qaylada firfircoon waxay ku timaadaa qaabka dhegaha elegtarooniga ah ee loo isticmaalo marka la ridayo qoryaha, bastooladaha iyo hubka kale. 

Dhegaha-dhegahani waxay adeegsadaan go'doon dhawaqa dadban si ay u joojiyaan dhammaan dhawaqa, si la mid ah dhegaha-dhegaha toogashada caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay haystaan ​​makarafoono dibadda ah oo dhex mara dhawaaqa hareerahaaga, si loo ilaaliyo wacyiga xaaladda. Markaa waxaad si fudud ula hadli kartaa qof kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mugga ugu badan ee dhammaan dhawaaqyada agagaarkaaga ah waxaa lagu hayaa ugu badnaan raaxo leh. 

Nidaamyadani waxay inta badan bixiyaan dhawaaqa jihada waxayna kor u qaadaan dhawaaqyada aamusan sidoo kale, iyagoo baabi'inaya rasaasta. Dhab ahaan maaha tignoolajiyada la midka ah taleefoonnada dhegaha ee dhawaaqa baabi'inta guud, laakiin aad ayay isugu dhowdahay.

Ka saarida buuqa ku shaqeeya AI

 Horumar cusub oo cadaalad ah ayaa ah adeegsiga tignoolajiyada sirdoonka macmalka ah si looga saaro dhawaaqa aan loo baahnayn ee ishaarka maqalka ah. Nasiib darro tani ma dhici karto wakhtiga dhabta ah weli, sidaa darteed wax ku ool ah ma aha joojinta buuqa. Waxa ay aad ugu fiican tahay in laga saaro dhawaaqa ishaarka makarafoonka.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad isku dayayso in aad qof Skype ah ku duubto ama aad cod ku duubayso jawi buuq badan, way ku adkaan kartaa qofka dhinaca kale jooga inuu fahmo waxaad sheegayso. Isticmaalka sirdoonka macmal, in maqalka qulqulka waa la falanqeyn karaa oo wax kasta oo aan codkaaga ahayn waa la saari karaa. 

Tusaale ahaan, Nvidia's RTX Voice waxay isticmaashaa qalabka waxbarashada qoto dheer ee gaarka ah ee kaararka garaafyada ee RTX si ay u farsameeyaan maqalka makarafoonka. ^(RTX)Markaa haddii qof wax ku qorayo kiiboodhka, dhulka faaruqinayo, ama samaynayo shaqo dhisme, midkoodna ma maqli doono dhagaystayaashaada. Waxaad halkan ku arki kartaa muujinta farsamadan cajiibka ah.

Maadaama ay jirto wakhti ku filan oo u dhexeeya meesha aad ku hadasho makarafoonka iyo qofka kale uu maqlo codka AI si uu u qabto shaqada, ma jirto arin ku saabsan xaddidaadaha wakhtiga dhabta ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in horumarinta tignoolajiyada hababkan aadka u wax ku oolka badan ee ka saarista qaylada AI ay u shaqayn doonaan sidii nooc ka mid ah joojinta dhawaaqa taleefoonka dhegaha.

Codka Joojinta Makarafoonada

Ka guurista taleefoonnada dhegaha la gashado, meel kale oo tignoolajiyada la midka ah ay aad faa'iido ugu yeelan karto dadka intooda badan, gaar ahaan hadda in badan oo naga mid ah waxay ku tiirsan yihiin shaqada fog, waa makarafoonnada buuqa baabi'iya.

Mar labaad, in kasta oo luqadda suuq-geyntu ay isticmaasho ereyga "Buuq-celinta", makarafoonnadani ma dhaliyaan buuq-diid si ay u farageliyaan isha buuqa. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay qaataan codka guud ahaan ka dibna waxay ku dabaqaan isla nooca dhawaaqa-aqoonsiga algorithm. Ka saaritaanka qulqulka maqalka ee gelinta ka hor intaadan gudbin.

Xitaa waxaad heleysaa xalalka sanqadha makarafoonka ee ku shaqeeya AI-ku-jirta^(AI-powered) , sida adabtarada ASUS^{(ASUS adapter)} . Ku xidh dekedda USB , ku xidh madaxa dhegahaaga oo maskaxda elektarooniga ah ee yar ee gudaha ku jirta waxay ka saari doontaa dhawaaqyada aan loo baahnayn, oo ka tagaysa kaliya codkaaga cad ee cad.

Dhawaaqa Aamusnaanta

Run ahaantii ma ogaanaysid inta uu le'eg yahay qaylada joogtada ah ee nolosha casriga ah ee ku sii dabar goysa ilaa aad ku guulaysato inaad xannibto. Ku siibashada laba taleefoonnada-madaxeed ee dhawaaqa baabi'iya oo wanaagsan waxay dareemi kartaa sida dabayl soo cusboonaysiinaysa oo kaa qaadaysa welwelkaaga heerka hoose ah. 

Hadda oo aad ogtahay sida uu u shaqeeyo joojinta buuqa, waxaad samayn kartaa go'aamo xog ogaal ah oo ku saabsan xirmadaada doorashada ee ka hortagga buuqa. Haddii aad iibsato alaabta saxda ah, waxaad ogaan doontaa in codka aamusnaanta uu yahay muusigga ugu fiican ee aad heli karto.

How Does Noise Cancellation Work?

Noise. It’s all around us. Whether it’s a crying babу, thе hum of an aіr conditioner or the animated babble of your office co-workers. Α quiet place to work or enjoy some relaxation is becoming a truly premium commodity. Noise cancellation technology can hеlp bring the zen back into your life. 

The question is, how does noise cancellation work? Let’s go over the principles of the technology, so you can make an informed choice when buying your own noise-cancelling equipment.

A (Very) Basic Overview of Sound

Sound is energy travelling as a wave through some form of matter. We generally hear sound transmitted through the air. 

For example, a guitar string vibrates in air, knocking air molecules about. Those molecules knock into their neighbors, and so on. When the wave moving through the air hits your ear drums, it moves them at the same frequency as the guitar string. 

Your brain converts that movement into electrical signals that you then perceive as sound. That’s a very simplistic explanation of what sound is, but it’s the least you need to know to understand noise cancellation.

A (Very) Basic Overview of Anti-sound

A wave has different properties. It has a frequency, which is how often the wave goes through a full cycle. 

Using our guitar string as an example again. The frequency is how quickly the string moves through one full vibration. We perceive higher frequency sound as high-pitched. Lower frequency sound is more bassy. Apart from frequency, waves also have amplitude. That’s the height of the wave’s peak. Next, the wave also has a phase. This is the position of the peaks and troughs of the wave.

If you generate a sound wave that has the same amplitude, but the opposite phase (the peaks are where the troughs of the other wave are), it causes destructive interference. The two waves essentially cancel each other out. This can be done at large scale, where you need to have just as much energy in your anti-noise generator as the original sound itself. However, if you only want to cancel noise for one person, you don’t need much power at all, which is where noise cancelling headphones come in.

Noise Cancelling Headphones

Noise cancelling headphones are technological marvels. On the outside of the headphones, there are microphones that sample the ambient noise outside the headphones. This sound is analyzed by onboard electronics, using a mathematical algorithm. Each headphone maker has its own secret-sauce algorithm, which all work to differing levels of effectiveness.

The algorithm is used to calculate the anti-noise wave needed to destructively interfere with the ambient noise where you are. Then a device known as a transducer, which is essentially a type of speaker, generates the anti-noise wave.

The end effect is that when you switch on the noise cancellation function, you’re suddenly enveloped in (near) silence. Which allows you to enjoy your audio at much better fidelity or just enjoy some peace and quiet.

Active and Passive Noise Cancellation

The process we just described is usually referred to on product specification sheets as “active noise cancellation” or something similar. Confusingly, some headphones claim to have something called “passive” noise cancellation.

It’s very important not to confuse these two features. There really isn’t such a thing as passive noise cancellation. What this term actually means is that a given pair of headphones were designed to block out sound using plain old soundproofing. 

This means that the materials and design of the headphones isolate you from outside noise to some extent. From that point of view, sticking your fingers in your ears is also “passive noise cancellation”.

There’s much to be said for a pair of headphones that offer great sound isolation, but linking that to noise cancellation is a bit of marketing sleight of hand.

The Limitations of Active Noise Cancellation

Current active noise cancellation technology can’t block out noise perfectly. They work incredibly well when it comes to constant, predictable sources of noise. Think of a jet engine, the hum of an air conditioner or your fridge compressor. Modern active noise cancellation is incredibly good at erasing that type of sound completely.

Conversely, sudden unpredictable sounds pose much more of a challenge. This usually includes loud human conversations, someone breaking a glass cup or any other noise that the algorithm doesn’t have time to analyze. That being said, new cutting edge systems with faster processors and more sophisticated algorithms are beginning to deal with these types of noise as well. 

One interesting example of such specialized active noise cancellation technology comes in the form of electronic earmuffs used when firing rifles, pistols and other firearms. 

These earmuffs use passive sound isolation to block out all sound, just as regular shooting earmuffs do. However, they have external microphones that pass through sound around you, to maintain situational awareness. So you can have a conversation with another person with ease.  However, the maximum volume of all sound around you is kept under a comfortable maximum. 

These systems can often provide directional sound and amplify quiet sounds as well, while cancelling out gunshots. It’s not exactly the same technology as mainstream noise cancellation headphones, but it’s closely related.

AI-Powered Noise Removal

 A fairly new development is the application of artificial intelligence technology to remove unwanted noise from an audio signal. Unfortunately this can’t quite happen in real time just yet, so it isn’t effective at noise cancellation. What it is very good at is removing noise from a microphone signal.

For example, if you’re trying to Skype someone or make a voice recording in a noisy environment, it can be hard for the person on the other end to understand what you’re saying. Using artificial intelligence, that audio stream can be analyzed and everything but your own voice can be removed. 

For example, Nvidia’s RTX Voice application uses the special deep learning hardware in their RTX graphics cards to process microphone audio. So whether someone is typing on a keyboard, vacuuming the floor, or doing construction work, none of that will be audible to your audience. You can see a demonstration of this incredible technology here.

Since there’s enough time between where you speak into the microphone and the other person hears the audio for the AI to do it’s work, there’s no issue in terms of real time limitations. Perhaps with technological advancement these super-effective AI noise removal methods will work as a form of headphone noise cancellation as well.

Noise Cancelling Microphones

Moving on from headphones, another place where a similar technology can be very useful for most people, especially now that so many of us rely on remote work, are noise-cancelling microphones.

Once again, even though the marketing language uses the term “noise-cancelling”, these microphones don’t generate anti-noise to interfere with the source of the noise. Instead, they take the sound as a whole and then apply the same sort of noise-identifying algorithm to it. Removing it from the input audio stream before passing it on.

You even get in-line AI-powered microphone noise removal solutions, such as this ASUS adapter. Plug it into a USB port, connect your headset to it and the little electronic brain inside will remove unwanted noises, leaving only your crystal clear voice behind.

The Sound of Silence

You don’t really notice how much the constant noise of modern life grinds you down until you manage to block it out. Slipping on a pair of good noise-cancelling headphones can feel like a refreshing wind blowing away your low-level anxiety. 

Now that you know how noise cancellation works, you can make more informed decisions about your anti-noise kit of choice. If you buy the right stuff, you’ll find that the sound of silence really is the best music you can get.

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