Sidee kumbiyuutarkaagu ku heli karaa fayraska, trojan, shaqada ama spyware? Waa maxay siyaabaha malware-ku u waxyeeleeyo kombiyuutarkaaga Windows ? Waa maxay noocyada faylasha sidda fayrasyada iyo malware? Waxaan si kooban u taaban doonaa su'aalahan waxaanan eegi doonaa faylalka qaar waxaanan eegi doonaa inay waxyeelayn karaan kombiyuutarkaaga ama taleefankaaga.

Malware (software xaasidnimo ah), sida aynu wada ognahay, waa software loo sameeyay in lagu waxyeeleeyo kombayutarka, server-ka iyo shabakadaha isticmaalaha; ama in dhibaato loo geysto isticmaalayaasha kombayutarka iyadoo la xado macluumaadka shaqsiga ah ama kuwa kale ee xasaasiga ah, lagu khiyaameeyo isticmaalaha khiyaanooyin kala duwan, iyo ganacsiyo kale oo xunxun. Gooryaanka^(Worms) , trojans fardaha, fayrasyada, iyo software-ka badbaadada xun ayaa ah qaar ka mid ah noocyada ugu badan ee malware.

Malware waxa uu bilowday 1980-meeyadii iyada oo wadata barnaamijyo ay ka mid yihiin fayraska qaybta boot-ka ee Brain 1986 iyo ^(Brain)Morrisworm^(Morris) -ka Internet-ka loo qaybiyo 1988. Fayrasyadan waxa loo qorsheeyay inta badan in ay dhibaato u abuuraan isticmaalayaasha. Dadka isticmaalay kombiyuutarada cudurka qaba waxay arki karaan fariimo jeesjees ah ama saameyn muuqaal ah oo qariib ah.

Dadka hore u qoray malware-ka waxay raadsadeen sumcad iyo ixtiraam adduunyada hoose ee hackers-ka kuwaas oo isku xiraya midba midka kale ee si dhow loo ilaaliyo fayraska sarrifka (VX) forums waxayna ku faani jireen hagardaamada ay abuureen.

Maanta, dembiilayaal xirfadlayaal ah ayaa barakiciyey qorayaasha fayraska hiwaayadda ah. Golayaasha VX waxay u xuubsiibteen suuqyo madow oo khadka tooska ah oo bixiya xulasho dhamaystiran oo alaabooyin iyo adeegyo ah. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka iyo adeegyadan waxay la xiriiraan botnets, kuwaas oo loo isticmaali karo in lagu qaybiyo laguna rakibo malware kale.

Soo jiidashada macluumaadka, sawirada, iyo fursadaha shabakada ee u muuqda kuwa aan xadidnayn waxay noo horseedi karaan in aan iloobin in gelitaankani uu khatar ku yahay kombayutaradayada. Dembiilayaasha internetka waxay u shaqeeyaan si aan kala joogsi lahayn inay ku rakibaan software xaasidnimo ah sida fayrasyada iyo spyware kombiyuutarkaaga si ay isugu dayaan inay waxyeeleeyaan ama ula wareegaan koontaroolkiisa, u isticmaalaan iimaylkaaga ama fariimaha degdega ah (IM) si ay ugu faafiyaan malware-ka kombayutarada asxaabta, ama aad basaaso hawlahaaga internetka , ugu dambeyntii isku day lagu doonayay in lagu xado macluumaadka gaarka ah iyo lacagta.

Dembiilayaashu waxay adeegsadaan laba xeeladood oo ballaadhan si ay isugu dayaan inay ka gudbaan difaaca kombayutarka:

• Waxay ku rakibaan malware-ka kumbuyuutarka iyaga oo ka faa'iidaysanaya dayacanka software-kiisa ama jebiya akoonnada ay ilaaliyaan furaha sirta ah ee daciifka ah.
• Waxay isku dayaan inay ku khiyaaneeyaan inaad ku rakibto malware-kooda. Waxay ku gaarsiin karaan soo dejinta aad u maleyneyso inay yihiin sawirro ama filimaan, ama xiriiriyeyaasha aad gujiso iimaylka ama fariimaha degdega ah (IM), ama shabakada bulshada. Ama waxaa laga yaabaa inay isku dayaan inay ku cabsi galiyaan inaad gujiso badhankooda ama ay ku xidhaan digniino been abuur ah oo sheegaya in kombuyuutarku uu leeyahay fayras.

Sidee ku qaadi kartaa fayraska kombiyuutarka

Siyaabaha caadiga ah ee kombiyuutarkaaga Windows uu ku qaadi karo fayraska ama malware waa:

1. Waxaad soo dejisanaysaa software budhcad-badeed
2. Waxaad ka soo dejisanaysaa oo ku rakibtay software ka mareegaha xaasidnimada leh
3. Waxaad soo dejisay oo ku rakibtay abka mar hore la jabsaday dukaamada abka ee rasmiga ah
4. Waxaad ku rakibtaa Bundleware adoon akhrin EULA ama aanad hubin waxa soo jeedinaya software-ka dhinac saddexaad, si aad uga fogaato rakibidda PUPs^{(avoid installing PUPs)}
5. Waxaad gujisaa xiriiriyeyaasha ku geynaya mareegaha xaasidnimada leh ama la jabsaday, kuwaas oo si toos ah u soo dejinaya koodka xaasidnimada ah PC-gaaga
6. Waxaad si indho la'aan ah u gujisaa xiriirada warbaahinta bulshada ee asxaabta, taas oo aad u badan tahay inaad ku kalsoon tahay, kaas oo bilaabaya soo dejinta malware ee kumbuyuutarkaaga ama aaladda gacanta.
7. Waxaad gujisaa lifaaqyada iimaylka xaasidnimada leh adigoon hubin cidda soo dirtay
8. Waxaad furaysaa faylalka Xafiiska^(Office) cudurka qaba oo ka yimid nidaam kale
9. Waxaad gujisaa xayeysiisyada xaasidnimada leh - Malvertising - kaas oo leh kood qarsoon
10. Waxaad ku xidhid USB^(USB) cudurka qaba kombayutarkaaga oo aad isticmaalayso adoon iskaan ka qaadin malware.

Nooca faylka inta badan la isticmaalo sida side malware

Faylasha la fulin karo ama .exe^{(.exe files)} waxay noqon karaan khatar, sidaas darteed xitaa macmiilka emailkaaga kama soo dejin doono faylasha noocaas ah emayllada. EXE , COM , MSI , iwm. waa saddex nooc oo aad u baahan tahay inaad aad uga taxadirto - hadday ku jirto iimaylka ama ka soo degsiga degel kasta. Had iyo jeer ku sawir dhammaan lifaaqyada iyo soo dejinta antimalware ka hor inta aanad furin.

PDF ma qaado fayraska? Ma ka qaadi kartaa fayraska PDF ?

Ma aha oo kaliya qaadista malware, laakiin PDF sidoo kale wuxuu qaban karaa shaqada Phishing . Qaabka Dukumentiga^{(Document Format)} la qaadi karo ( PDF ) waxaa ku jira walxo firfircoon oo waxyeeleyn kara kombiyuutarkaaga. Walxaha firfircoon iyo joogitaanka Javascript waxay ka dhigaan khatar. Laakiin inta badan waxay kuxirantahay akhristahaaga PDF ee kala saara faylka.

Haddii ay daryeesho dhammaan dhinacyada furitaanka, akhrinta, tafatirka, iyo xidhitaanka faylalka, fursadaha infekshanku way yaraanayaan. Akhristaha PDF ee aad isticmaashid waa in uu awood u leeyahay in uu ogaado qulqulka buuxdhaafka ah iyo in uu sawiro xiriirinta gudaha faylka PDF .

Ka hadalka xiriirinta, waa wax caadi u ah phishers inay ku daraan hal ama in ka badan URL^(URLs) -yada wareejinta ee faylasha PDF . Akhristayaasha aan waxba galabsanin waxay rumaystaan ​​isku xirka oo guji si ay u lumiyaan xogtooda. Mid ka mid ah dariiqo aad tan ku heli karto waa inaad si toos ah ugu dhejisid xiriiriyeyaasha biraawsarka ciwaanka biraawsarka si ay sawir-qaadayaasha URL -ka lagu dhex dhisay browser-ka u arkaan in xiriirku xaasid yahay. Dhammaan daalacashada ma yeelan karaan shaqooyinkaas laakiin kuwa caadiga ah sida Internet Explorer , Edge , Chrome , Firefox ayaa leh iyaga. Waxa kale oo aad u isticmaali kartaa sawir-qaadayaasha URL -ka sidii wax-ka-qabsiga browser-kaaga.

Marka gabagabadii, hubso inaad ka heli karto fayras PDF ah , sidoo kale waxaa lagu marin habaabin karaa inaad macluumaadkaaga la wadaagto boggaga/dadka xaasidnimada leh adigoo isticmaalaya xiriirinta dib u habeynta ama xiriiriyeyaasha la soo gaabiyo ee faylka.

Ma ka qaadi kartaa fayraska galalka sawirka?

Muxuu samayn karaa faylka sawirka fudud ee BMP ? Hagaag^(Well) , waxa ay ka koobnaan kartaa dhawr qaybood oo koodka binary-ga ah kaas oo fulin kara marka aad furto oo uu ku dhaco kombayutarkaga. Faylasha sawirka oo u muuqda kuwo aan waxba galabsan ayaa ah hab nacasnimo ah oo lagu garaaco oo lagu faafiyo fayraska. Immisa naga mid ah ayaa dhab ahaantii maamula iskaanka malware-ka ka dib marka sawirada laga soo dejiyo internetka^(Internet) ?

Isticmaalayaashu waxay u maleynayaan inay tahay kaliya sawir… iyo in sawiradu aysan waxyeello u geysan karin. Markaa waxay furaan sawirro la soo dejiyey iyaga oo aan samaynin wax taxaddar ah ama ku dhex arag macmiilka iimaylka ee leh muqaal hore. Labada xaaladoodba, qayb ka mid ah kombiyuutarada RAM ayaa kaydiya xogta si loogu muujiyo shaashadda. Markaad daawato sawirka, code-ka binary code-ka ee la fulin karo ayaa ku faafaya kombayutarkaga, si uu u qaadsiiyo.

Waxaad ka heli kartaa fayraska faylalka sawirka sida aad uga heli karto nooc kasta oo faylal ah oo ka soo jeeda internetka^(Internet) (email ku jira). Faylka sawirka sida JPG , BMP , PNG , iwm waa la qaadi karaa. Waxay noqon kartaa Mushahar Bixin^(Payload) ama Ka Faa'iidaysi . Laakin fayraska lama fulin doono ilaa iyo inta sawirka aan la furin, la fulin, ama aan laga baaraandegin barnaamij kale.

Faylka .exe ee la fulin karo ayaa sidoo kale laga dhigi karaa inuu u ekaado faylka sawirka adoo magacaabaya niceimage .jpg .exe. Maadaama Windows si caadi ah u qarinayso kordhinta faylka, isticmaalayaashu waxay arkaan kaliya qaybta .jpg oo guji iyada oo u maleynaya inay tahay faylka sawirka.

Macluumaadkaaga, W32/Perrun ayaa ahaa fayraska JPEG ee ugu horreeyay ee la soo sheego . Waxay ka soo saartay xogta faylalka JPEG ka dibna waxay ku durtay faylal sawir leh sawirro dhijitaal ah oo cudurka qaba.

Dukumeentiyada Xafiisku ma qaadi karaan fayras?

Dukumeentiyada xafiisku^(Office) waxay sidoo kale u adeegaan sida side wanaagsan malware. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad aragtay iimaylo halka faylalka dukumeentigu ku lifaaqan yihiin, iimaylkana wuxuu leeyahay tafaasiil dheeraad ah oo ku jira lifaaqa. Maadaama dukumeentiyada Xafiiska^(Office) sida docx, doc, docm iyo qaabab la mid ah ay ogol yihiin xubno firfircoon, waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu qaadsiiyo. Inta badan malware-ka waxaa lagu soo dejiyaa macros ee ku jira dukumeentiyada. Taasi waa sababta Word uusan u furi doonin faylka asalka ah ee internetka qaab tafatir ah ilaa aad waydiiso.

Dukumeentiyada xafiisku waxay wataan Macro Virus haddii la qorsheeyo. Qoraallada iyo macros ayaa fududeynaya. Inta badan, marka hore, macro-gu wuxuu ku socdaa inuu waxyeeleeyo kombiyuutarkaaga inta culeyska la soo dejinayo ka dib - si looga fogaado in la ogaado antimalware.

Akhri^(Read) : Sida loo hubiyo in mareegaha ama URL uu nabdoon yahay iyadoo la isticmaalayo sawir-qaadayaasha URL-yada^{(check if a Website or URL is safe using Online URL Scanners)} .

Ma ku qaadi kartaa fayraska markaad daawato YouTube ?

Waxay kuxirantahay sida aad u isticmaasho goobta. Fiidiyowyada YouTube-^(YouTube) ka sidaas oo kale khatar maaha. Laakin markaa, dhinacyo yar oo YouTube ka mid ah ayaa ka baxsan xakamayntiisa - malvertising iyo in-programming. Barnaamij- samaynta fiidyowgu^(Video) waxa ay heli karaan isticmaaleyaasha haysta tiro wanaagsan oo macaamiisha ah. Taasi waxay yaraynaysaa baaxadda cudurka. Laakin waxay noqon kartaa khatar haddii aad gujiso fiidiyowyada ku dul dulman fiidyowga waaweyn.

Waxa la mid ah xayaysiisyada. Waxay yihiin xubno firfircoon, markaa kombuyuutarkaaga waa nugul ilaa aad ka dhigto dhibic inaadan gujin xayeysiiska. Markaa jawaabtu waa fiidiyowyada YouTube- ka maaha kuwo khatar ah ilaa inta aad ka taxadarto markaad la falgasho nuxurka firfircoon ee dul saaraya fiidiyowga ugu weyn. Baaxadda helitaanka fayraska YouTube waa mid hooseeya, laakiin weli, wuu jiraa - waana isku mid mareeg kasta oo kale arrinkaas!

Ma ka qaadi kartaa fayras Tumblr , Facebook , ama baraha bulshada kale?

Waxay mar kale kuxirantahay waxaad isku dayeyso inaad sameyso. Haddii aad si fudud u soo rarayso faylal oo aadan gujin wax xiriir ah, waad nabdoon tahay. Xayeysiisyada^(Ads) ka soo horjeeda nuxurka waxay noqon karaan xaasidnimo. Xiriiriyayaashu waxay noqon karaan URL^(URLs) -yada isku dayaya phishing. Haddii aad soo dejiso muqaal oo aad furto adigoon iskaankarin malware-ka, way khatar gelinaysaa. Windows SmartScreen waxay badanaa qabataa shaqo wanaagsan oo ka ilaalinta isticmaalayaasha hanjabaadaha ku saleysan shabakadda.

Marka la soo koobo, waxaa jira suurtagalnimada in malware-ka bulsheed uu ku dhuunto meel kasta oo internetka^(Internet) ah . Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ilaaliso. Way dhaafeen maalmihii fayraska lagu keenay faylasha .exe ; hadda waxay qaadi karaan kordhin kasta oo fayl ah oo xitaa waa lagu dhejin karaa faylasha sawirada.

Gabagabo^(Conclusion)

Markaa waxaad arkaysaa taxaddarrada ugu muhiimsan ee aad u baahan tahay inaad samayso, waa inaad ka soo dejisato oo keliya softiweer lagu kalsoon yahay oo ka imanaya ilo rasmi ah, aad uga taxaddar inta lagu jiro rakibaadda oo ka baxso dalabyada kooxda 3aad, iskaan u qaad USB kasta ama darawal kasta oo aad ku xidhayso aaladdaada. aad u taxaddar ka hor inta aanad gujin wax kasta oo ku xidhan shabakada^{(careful before you click on any web links)} oo ka taxaddar ka hor intaadan soo dejin lifaaqyada iimaylka^{(take precautions before downloading email attachments)} .

Hadda akhri:^{(Now read:)}

1. Sideed ku ogaan kartaa in kombayutarkaagu uu leeyahay Virus^{(How do you tell if your computer has a virus)}
2. Talooyin si loo sugo Windows PC.^{(Tips to secure Windows PC.)}

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad sidoo kale wax ka akhrido isbeddelka malware-ka iyo sida ay u bilaabmeen!

How can you get a computer virus, trojan, work, spyware or malware?

How can your сomputеr get a virus, trojan, work or spyware? What are the ways malware can infect yoυr Windows computer? What types of files carry viruses and malware? We will touch upon these questions in brief and take a look at some files аnd see if they can infect your comрuter or phone.

Malware (malicious software), as we all know, is software that has been designed to damage a user’s computer, a server, or a network; or to cause harm to computer users by stealing personal or otherwise sensitive information, defrauding the user through various scams, and other nefarious business. Worms, trojan horses, viruses, and rogue security software are some of the most prevalent types of malware.

Malware began in the 1980s with programs like the Brain boot-sector virus in 1986 and the Internet-distributed Morris worm in 1988. These viruses were designed mostly to create havoc for users. People who used infected computers might see mocking messages or strange visual effects.

People who wrote early malware sought notoriety and respect in an underground world of hackers who connected with one another in closely guarded virus exchange (VX) forums and boasted about the havoc they created.

Today, professional criminals have displaced amateur virus writers. The VX forums have evolved into extensive online black markets that offer a comprehensive selection of products and services. Many of these products and services are related to botnets, which can be used to distribute and install other malware.

The appeal of the seemingly limitless information, images, and opportunities on the web can lead us to forget that this access comes with risk to our computers. Cybercriminals work relentlessly to install malicious software (malware) like viruses and spyware on your computer to try to damage or seize control of it, use your email or instant messages (IM) to spread malware to friends’ computers, or spy on your online activities, ultimately in an attempt to steal sensitive personal information and money.

Criminals use two broad strategies to try to break through a computer’s defenses:

• They install malware on a computer by exploiting unintended vulnerabilities in its software or by breaking into accounts guarded by weak passwords.
• They try to trick you into installing their malware. They can deliver it in downloads that you think are pictures or movies, or in links that you click in email or instant messages (IM), or on a social network. Or they may try to scare you into clicking their button or link with fake warnings that your computer has a virus.

How can you get a computer virus

The common ways your Windows computer can get infected with a virus or malware are:

1. You download pirated software
2. You download and install software from malicious websites
3. You download and install already compromised apps from official app stores
4. You install Bundleware without reading the EULA or unchecking the third-party software offers, so as to avoid installing PUPs
5. You click on links which take you to malicious or compromised websites, which in turn download malicious code to your PC automatically
6. You blindly click on social media links from friends, which you tend to trust, that initiates the download of malware to your computer or mobile device
7. You click on malicious email attachments without checking who the sender is
8. You open infected Office files which have come from another system
9. You click on malicious advertisements – Malvertising – which has hidden code embedded
10. You connect an infected USB to your computer and using it without scanning it for malware.

Most used file type as a carrier for malware

Executables or .exe files can be dangerous, and so even your email client won’t download such files from emails. EXE, COM, MSI, etc. are three types that you need to be very careful about – whether present in email or downloading from any website. Always scan all attachments and downloads with antimalware before opening them.

Do PDF carry virus? Can you get a virus from PDF?

Not just carry malware, but a PDF can also perform the function of Phishing. Portable Document Format (PDF) files contain active elements that can infect your computer. Dynamic elements and Javascript presence make them dangerous. But it largely depends on your PDF reader that parses the file.

If it takes care of all aspects of opening, reading, editing, and closing of the files, the chances of getting infected are less. The PDF reader you use should be able to detect stack overflow and scan links inside the PDF file.

Talking of links, it is common for phishers to include one or more redirect URLs in PDF files. Innocent readers believe the link and click on it thereby losing their data. One way to get around this is to copy-paste links directly into the browser address bar so that the URL scanners built into the browser can see if the link is malicious. Not all browsers may have such functions but the mainstream ones like Internet Explorer, Edge, Chrome, Firefox do have them. You may also use URL scanners as add-ons for your browser.

So in conclusion, sure you can get a virus from a PDF, and you can also be misled into sharing your information with malicious sites/people using redirect links or shortened links in the file.

Can you get a virus from image files?

What can a simple BMP image file do? Well, it can contain a few bits of binary code that may execute when you open it and infect your computer. Seemingly innocent-looking image files are a foolproof way to strike and spread the virus. How many of us really run malware scanner after downloading images from the Internet?

Users think it is just an image… and that images cannot harm. So they open downloaded images without taking any precautions or view it in the email client with a previewer. In both cases, a portion of the computers RAM keeps data to be shown on screen. As you are viewing the image, the executable binary code spreads to your computer, thereby infecting it.

You can get a virus from image files as you would from any other file types originating from the Internet (email included). An image file like JPG, BMP, PNG, etc can be infected. It could be a Payload or an Exploit. But the virus will not be executed as long as the image is not opened, executed, or processed by another program.

An executable .exe file can also be made to appear like an image file by naming it niceimage.jpg.exe. Since Windows by default hides file extensions, users see only the .jpg part and click on it thinking it’s an image file.

For your information, W32/Perrun was the first reported JPEG virus. It extracted data from JPEG files and then injected picture files with infected digital images.

Can Office Documents carry a virus?

Office documents also serve as a good carrier for malware. You might have seen emails where document files are attached, and the email says more details present in the attachment. Since Office documents like docx, doc, docm and similar formats allow active elements, you may be infected. Most of the malware is downloaded by macros present in the documents. That is why Word will not open an internet originating file in edit mode unless you ask it.

Office documents carry Macro Virus if programmed to do so. Scripts and macros make it easy. In most cases, first, the macro runs to infect your computer while the payload is downloaded later – to avoid detection by antimalware.

Read: How to check if a Website or URL is safe using Online URL Scanners.

Can you get a virus by watching YouTube?

It depends on how you use the site. YouTube videos as such are not dangerous. But then, few aspects of YouTube are beyond its control – malvertising and in-video programming. Video programming is available to users who have a good number of subscribers. That reduces the scope of being infected. But it may be dangerous if you click on those videos overlaying on the main videos.

It is the same with advertisements. They are active elements, so your computer is vulnerable unless you make it a point not to click advertisements. So the answer is that YouTube videos are not dangerous as long as you take care while interacting with the active content overlaying the main video. The scope of acquiring a virus from YouTube is low, but still, it is there – and it is the same for any other website for that matter!

Can you get a virus from Tumblr, Facebook, or other social sites?

It again depends on what you are trying to do. If you are simply uploading files and not clicking any links, you are safe. Ads against content could be malicious. Links can be URLs that try phishing. If you download an image and open it without scanning for malware, it gets dangerous. The Windows SmartScreen usually does a good job of protecting users from web-based threats.

In short, there is the possibility of socially engineered malware lurking everywhere on the Internet. You need to be on guard. Gone are the days when a virus was delivered via .exe files; now they can carry any file extension and can even be embedded in image files.

Conclusion

So you see the most important precautions you need to take, is to download only trusted software from their official sources, be very careful during its installation and opt-out of 3rd party offers, scan any USB or drive which you connect to your device, be very careful before you click on any web links and take precautions before downloading email attachments.

Now read:

1. How do you tell if your computer has a virus
2. Tips to secure Windows PC.

You might want to also read about the evolution of malware and how it all began!

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