At Computex 2019 , shir caalami ah oo farsamo oo lagu qabtay Taipei , AMD waxay ku dhawaaqday wax u diray teknoolojiyadda xiiseeya meel kasta oo ay ku jiraan: taxanaha AMD Ryzen 3000 , soo-saareyaal cusub oo ballanqaadaya inay ku riixaan xadka qalab kasta oo la soo bandhigay ka hor. 

Tani waa mid caan ah sababtoo ah AMD waxay haysataa booska labaad ee soo-saareyaasha muddo dheer hadda, had iyo jeer waxay ka dambeeyaan Intel in kasta oo dadaal weyn oo dhinaca AMD ah.

Maxaa ka dhigaya AMD Ryzen 3000 mid gaar ah ayaa ah in sifooyinkeedu ay shirkadda ka hor marin karaan Intel-iyo^{(Intel—and)} xaaladaha qaarkood, burburiyaan jaangooyooyinkii hore ee-dejinta.

Haddii aad bilowdo inaad qoddo sababta saxda ah iyo sida tan, waxaad si dhakhso ah u heli doontaa naftaada haramaha leh jargon farsamo iyo ereybixin. Maqaalkani waxa uu si toos ah u sharxi doonaa waxa Processor-kan ka soocaya iyo sababta uu muhiimka u yahay.

Qeexida Shuruudaha

Waxa jira ereyo gaar ah oo loo isticmaalo la xidhiidha qalabka sida fudud ee ugu fiican ee lagu macnayn karo fikradaha qaarkood. Waxaan ku dadaali doonaa inaan halkan ku qeexno qaab ay fududahay in la fahmo laguna xasuusto.

• Nanometer (nm): Nanometerku waa hal-bilyanth ee mitir. Marka la eego tirooyinka, tani waa 0.000000001 mitir. Nanometer-yada waxaa loo soo gaabiyaa "nm."
• Transistor: Semiconductor-ka laga helay chip ka jira midkood "Daran" ama "Damsan". Transistor-yadu waa cabbirro muhiim u ah CPU-yada^(CPUs) (cutubyada habaynta dhexe). Xeerka wanaagsan ee suulka: inta badan transistor-ka, ayaa waxtar badan leh CPU .
• Unugga habaynta dhexe (CPU):^{(Central Processing Unit (CPU): )} CPU waa^(CPU) "maskaxda" kumbiyuutarka. Chip-kan yar wuxuu dhex fadhiyaa Motherboard-ka wuxuuna wadaa hawlo badan oo ka mid ah hawlaha iyo hababka ka dhex dhaca PC-gaaga. CPU waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan "processor" ama, marar dhif ah, "microprocessor-ka."
• Motherboard: Haddii CPU -gu uu yahay "maskaxda" kombiyuutarka, markaa Motherboard-ku waa hababka wadnaha, endocrine, iyo muruqyada. Motherboard-ku waa loox daabacan oo fiberglass ah iyo naxaas ah kaas oo haga qulqulka tamarta ee qaybaha kala duwan, habeeya natiijada hababka CPU , una shaqeeya sidii isku xirka dhexe ee qaybaha kala duwan.
• Nuxurka:^{(Core: )} Waxaad inta badan maqashaa wax ku saabsan soo-saareyaasha "multicore". Tani waa qayb ka mid ah CPU -da oo fulisa xisaabinta iyadoo lagu saleynayo tilmaamaha la bixiyay. CPUs waxay ku yimaadaan hal xudun, dual core, quad-core, iyo sideed-core kala duwanaansho. In kasta oo ay jiraan CPUs leh xitaa kabo badan, kuwani badanaa way dhaafaan qalabka heerka macaamiisha.
• Thread: Xagga xisaabinta, "thread" waa tilmaamo taxane ah oo processor-ku fuliyo. Habaynta Multi-thread-ka waa marka CPU -gu u qaybiyo xadhkaha kala duwan ee u dhexeeya xubnihiisa si uu u sameeyo wax ka badan hal qalliin markiiba.
• Wareega:^{(Cycle: )} Hal garaac oo elektaroonik ah oo ka yimid CPU .
• Xawaaraha saacada:^{(Clock Speed: )} Tirada wareegyada ilbiriqsigiiba CPU ayaa fulin karta.
• Overclocking: Ficilka kor u qaadista xawaaraha saacada CPU oo dhaafsiisan waxa loogu talagalay in lagu xakameeyo. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee xawliga saacaddu, waa inta kulaylka badan ee CPU ay soo saarto. Xawaaraha saacada^(Clock) waxa xadidaya sida ay u kululaanayaan CPU -ga iyo agabkiisu ka hor inta aanu kombuyuutarku soo gaadhin burbur joogto ah oo aan laga soo kaban karin.
• Cache: Xog ururin yar oo xawli sare leh oo inta badan loo baahan yahay xogta ama macluumaadka lagu kaydiyo si degdeg ah oo fudud.

Qoraal ku saabsan Sharciga Moore

" Sharciga^(Law) Moore " maaha "sharci" xagga cilmi ahaan ama sharci; balse waa fiirsashada in tirada transistor-yada ku jira hal processor-ka ay labanlaabmaan sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.

Waxaa sidaas loogu magac daray Gordon Moore , madaxa ^(CEO)Intel iyo aasaasaha shirkadda Fairchild Semiconductor , oo ku salaysan warqad uu ku qoray 1965. Moore 's Law wuxuu^(Law) hayaa run muddo tobanaan sano ah, laakiin sanadihii ugu dambeeyay ayaa bilaabay in la diido.

Tirada ayaa labanlaabmi doonta sababtoo ah transistor-yadu way yaraanayaan waxayna u baahan yihiin awood aad u yar. Marka aan ku soo dhawaado xadka geeddi-socodyada wax-soo-saarka ee hadda jira, tirada transistor-yada lagu daro sannad kasta ayaa sidoo kale hoos u dhacda. Taxanaha AMD Ryzen 3000 ayaa astaan ​​​​u ah markii ugu horeysay ee transistors ay u dhimmaan qaab kasta oo weyn tan iyo 2014.

Transistor-ka waxaa sida caadiga ah laga sameeyaa silikon, laakiin wax ka hooseeya 7nm waxay noqdaan kuwo aan shaqayn. Meesha jireed waa mid aad u buux dhaafisay in elektaroonada ay dhab ahaantii maraan caqabadaha jireed. (Magaca rasmiga ah ee dhacdadani waa quantum tunneling.

Ha ka werwerin waxa intaa dhaafsiisan Soo-saareyaal iyo saynisyahano kombuyuutar ayaa sameynaya cilmi-baaris si looga gudbo caqabadan. Helitaanka shay loo isticmaali karo in lagu sameeyo transistor-yar oo miisaan culus ah ayaa horumar weyn u noqon doonta qalabka kombiyuutarka.  

AMD Ryzen 3000 Specs

Hadda oo aan haysanno shuruudahaas, aan u galno sida saxda ah ee taxanaha AMD Ryzen 3000 u yahay. At Computex , AMD waxay ku dhawaaqday shan soo-saareyaal gaar ah (inkasta oo inbadan ay soo daatay tan iyo wakhtigaas):

• Ryzen 9 3900X : 12-core, 24-thread oo leh xawaarihiisa saldhigeedu yahay 3.8 GHz iyo xawaare 4.6 GHz ah . Qiimaha bilowga ah: $499.
• Ryzen 7 3800X : 8-core, 16-thread oo leh xawaarihiisa saldhigeedu yahay 3.9 GHz iyo xawaarihiisa 4.5 GHz . Qiimaha bilowga: $399.
• Ryzen 7 3700X : 8-core, 16-thread oo leh xawaarihiisa saldhigeedu yahay 3.6 GHz iyo xawli kor loogu qaaday 4.4 GHz . Qiimaha bilowga ah: $329.
• Ryzen 5 3600X : 6-core, 12-thread oo leh xawaarihiisa saldhigeedu yahay 3.8 GHz iyo xawaare 4.4 GHz ah . Qiimaha bilowga ah: $249.
• Ryzen 5^{(Ryzen 5)}   3600: 6-core, 12-thread oo leh xawaarihiisa saldhigeedu yahay 3.6 GHz iyo xawaare 4.2 GHz ah . Qiimaha bilowga: $199.

Marka laga soo tago Processor-radan cusub, waxaa xusid mudan in AMD ay soo bandhigtay X570 Chipset-ka cusub ee PCIe 4.0 . Erayada ugu fudud ee suurtogalka ah, tani waxay la macno tahay soo-saareyaashani waxay ka faa'iidaysan karaan heerarka wareejinta kaydinta degdegga ah. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay wax qabad aad u horumaray oo laga helay kaadhadhka garaafyada, aaladaha isku xidhka, iyo wadiyaasha kaydinta.

Tirooyinka kor ku taxan waa cajiib, laakiin maaha kuwo cajiib^(that) ah. Waxaa jira xawli saacadeed aad u dheereeya. Marka maxaa ka dhigaya taxanaha AMD Ryzen 3000 inuu noqdo dhibic farxad leh? Hagaag, waxaa jira wax badan oo ka socda dusha sare ee chip-ka.

Marka lagu daro tirooyinka halkan, AMD waxay sheegtay in naqshadaha Zen 2 ee soo-saarayaashan lagu dhisay ay leeyihiin 15% tilmaamo ka badan saacaddii marka loo eego qaab dhismeedka Zen+Sababtu waxay ku saleysan tahay sida qaab dhismeedka Zen 2 loo naqshadeeyay.

Waxaan si kooban u taaban doonaa sida tani u shaqeyso. Chipset-ka gudihiisa waxa ku jira qaybo kala duwan oo dhammaantood wada shaqeeya, oo ay ku jiraan waxyaalaha loo yaqaan cIOD (gaaban ee macmiilka IO die) iyo CCD (gaaban oo lacag la isku daray ah.) CIOD waxay ku xidhaa hal ama laba CCD s.

Tani waxay u qaybisaa shaqada qaybaha, taas oo macnaheedu yahay suurtogalnimada daahitaanka (ama dib u dhaca) ee hababka. Dabcan, dib-u-dhacan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa miisaanka nanosecond, sidaa darteed inkasta oo aan la dareemin isticmaaluhu, waxay soo bandhigaysaa xannibaad suurtagal ah si loo gaaro xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee suurtogalka ah. Sida laga soo xigtay AMD , si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waa inay noqotaa meel aan la taaban karin.

AMD sidoo kale waxay labanlaabtay cabbirka kaydka L3. Cache-gu wuxuu u oggolaanayaa processor-ku inuu si degdeg ah u soo saaro macluumaadka uu u baahan yahay. Soo-saareyaashan cusubi waxay adeegsadaan khasnado badan si ay u kala qaybiyaan xusuustan si aan waxba loo soo celin, taasoo keentay horumarro waxqabad oo ka dhigaya habsocod habraac aan khusayn.

Maxaa Waxaas Oo Dhan Muhiim U Ah—iyo^{(Matters—and)} Sababta Ay Farxad U Leedahay^(Exciting)

Hadda oo aan soo koobnay dhinacyada farsamada ee chips-yadan, aan ku soo koobno ​​sababta aad maqaalkan u akhrinayso marka hore: sababta ay u xiiso badan tahay.

Sababta ugu horreysa iyo tan ugu weyn waa tartanka. Intel ayaa sanado badan ku koobneyd kaararka waxqabadka sare. In kasta oo AMD aysan ahayn ikhtiyaar xun, kuwa raadinaya waxqabadka khadka ugu sarreeya waa inay bixiyaan wax kasta oo Intel ay ku qiimeeyaan kaararkooda. Iyadoo AMD ay soo gashay goobta iyo ugu yaraan la mid ah ama laga yaabo inay garaacdo Intel , waxay la macno tahay tartan iyo rajo hoose.

Sababta labaad ayaa ah in hababka cusub ee wax-soo-saarka ay ka dhigan yihiin hal-abuurnimo iyo horumarin badan oo dhanka xisaabinta ah. Hadalo badan ayaa ku wareegayay sanado badan oo ku saabsan xisaabinta quantum-ka iyo dariiqooyinka kale ee suurtagalka ah ee sahaminta, iyo sabab wanaagsan: qof kastaa wuxuu arki karaa dhamaadka xariiqda hababkayadii hore.

Halka 7 nanometer transistors ay keenaan caqabado iyaga u gaar ah, horumarkooda iyo isticmaalkooda alaabooyinka heerka macaamiisha ayaa calaamad wanaagsan u ah in soosaarayaashu ay ku socdaan wadada saxda ah ee marxaladda xigta ee tignoolajiyada kombiyuutarka.

Sababta seddexaad, iyo tan ugu khuseysa ciyaartoyda, waa suurtagalnimada sawiro wanaagsan iyo fareemo ka badan ilbiriqsi kasta oo qiimo jaban la awoodi karo. Kumbuyuutarka ciyaaraha ee la kordhiyey had iyo jeer ma aha mid la awoodi karo, iyo ilaalinta nidaamka goynta weligood ma noqon doonto hiwaayad raqiis ah, laakiin farsameeyayaasha wanaagsan waxay ka dhigan yihiin awood yar, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ka yar miisaaniyadu waa inay aado koronto.

Dadku waxay ku raaxaystaan ​​ciyaaraha cusub iyo dhismooyinka kombuyuutarrada cajiibka ah, laakiin dhammaan iftiiminta iyo soo jiidashada ayaa ka dambeeya wadnaha xisaabinta: processor-yada, Motherboard-yada, iyo qaybaha kale ee ka dhigaya inay wada shaqeeyaan. Oo marka qaybahaas ay helaan horumar weyn oo sidan oo kale ah, si fiican - taasi waa sabab lagu farxo.

The Skinny on the AMD Ryzen 3000

At Computex 2019, an internatіonal technical cоnferencе held in Taipei, AMD announced something that sent tech enthυsiasts everywhere into a frenzy: the AMD Ryzen 3000 series, new processors that promise to push the limits on any hardware shown before. 

This is notable because AMD has held the second-place spot for processors for quite a long time now, always falling behind Intel despite tremendous effort on the AMD’s part.

What makes the AMD Ryzen 3000 so special is that its specs could put the company ahead of Intel—and in some cases, demolish previous record-setting benchmarks.

If you start to dig into the exact whys and hows of this, you’ll quickly find yourself in the weeds with technical jargon and terminology. This article will explain in layman’s terms what sets this processor apart and why it is important.

Defining Terms

There are certain terms used in relation to hardware that are simply the best way to explain certain concepts. We will do our best to define them here in a way that is easy to understand and remember.

• Nanometer (nm): A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. In numerical representation, this is 0.000000001 meters. Nanometers are abbreviated as “nm.”
• Transistor: A semiconductor found on a chip that exists in either an “On” or “Off” state. Transistors are important gauges for CPUs (central processing units). A good rule of thumb: the more transistors, the more efficient the CPU.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the “brain” of the computer. This small chip sits inside the motherboard and drives many of the operations and processes that take place within your PC. The CPU is also referred to as the “processor” or, more rarely, the “microprocessor.”
• Motherboard: If the CPU is the “brain” of the computer, then the motherboard is the cardiovascular, endocrine, and muscoloskeletal systems. The motherboard is a printed board of fiberglass and copper that directs power flow to various components, organizes the results of CPU processes, and acts as the central connection for various components.
• Core: You often hear about “multicore” processors. This is a part of the CPU that performs calculations based on given instructions. CPUs come in single core, dual core, quad-core, and eight-core variants. While there are CPUs with even more cores, these usually exceed consumer-grade hardware.
• Thread: In terms of computing, a “thread” is  series of instructions that the processor carries out. Multi-thread processing is when the CPU divides the various threads between its cores to perform more than one operation at a time.
• Cycle: A single electronic pulse from the CPU.
• Clock Speed: The number of cycles per second a CPU can execute.
• Overclocking: The act of boosting of a CPU’s clock speed to beyond what it was designed to handle. The faster the clock speed, the more heat the CPU produces. Clock speed is limited by how hot the CPU and its materials can become before the computer suffers permanent, irreversible damage.
• Cache: A smaller collection of memory with higher speeds where often-needed data or information is stored for fast, easy access.

A Note on Moore’s Law

“Moore’s Law” is not a “law” in a scientific or legal sense; rather, it’s the observation that the number of transistors on a single processor doubles year after year.

It is so named for Gordon Moore, the CEO of Intel and founder of the company Fairchild Semiconductor, based on a paper he wrote in 1965. Moore’s Law held true for decades, but in recent years has begun to be disproven.

The number would double because transistors would become smaller and require significantly less power. As we approach the limits of current manufacturing processes, the number of transistors added each year also slows. The AMD Ryzen 3000 series marks the first time transistors have shrunk in any major way since 2014.

Transistors are typically made of silicon, but below 7nm they become unwieldy. The physical space is so packed that electrons actually pass through physical barriers. (The official name for this phenomenon is quantum tunneling.

Don’t worry about it beyond that.) However, other materials than silicon can work that closely together to create even smaller transistors. Manufacturers and computer scientists are conducting research to break through this obstacle. The discovery of a material that can be used to make smaller transistors on a mass scale would be a major breakthrough for computer hardware.  

AMD Ryzen 3000 Specs

Now that we have those terms out of the way, let’s dive into exactly how powerful the AMD Ryzen 3000 series is. At Computex, AMD announced five specific processors (although more have leaked since that time):

• The Ryzen 9 3900X: 12-core, 24-thread with a base speed of 3.8 GHz and a boosted speed of 4.6 GHz. Starting price: $499.
• The Ryzen 7 3800X: 8-core, 16-thread with a base speed of 3.9 GHz and a boosted speed of 4.5 GHz. Starting price: $399.
• The Ryzen 7 3700X: 8-core, 16-thread with a base speed of 3.6 GHz and a boosted speed of 4.4 GHz. Starting price: $329.
• The Ryzen 5 3600X: 6-core, 12-thread with a base speed of 3.8 GHz and a boosted speed of 4.4 GHz. Starting price: $249.
• The Ryzen 5  3600: 6-core, 12-thread with a base speed of 3.6 GHz and a boosted speed of 4.2 GHz. Starting price: $199.

In addition to these new processors, it should be noted that AMD introduced a new X570 chipset with PCIe 4.0. In the simplest possible terms, this means these processors can take advantage of faster storage transfer rates. This means vastly improved performance from graphics cards, networking devices, and storage drives.

The numbers listed above are impressive, but they’re not that impressive. There are faster clock speeds out there. So what makes the AMD Ryzen 3000 series such a point of excitement? Well, there’s more going on beneath the surface of the chip.

In addition to the numbers here, AMD has claimed that the Zen 2 architecture that these processors are built on has 15% more instructions per clock than the Zen+ architecture. The reason is based on how the Zen 2 architecture is designed.

We’ll touch briefly on how this works. Inside a chipset are various components that all work together, including things called a cIOD (short for client IO die) and a CCD (short for charge coupled device.) The cIOD links with one or two CCDs.

This divides the work between the components, which means the potential for latency (or lag) in processes. Of course, this lag is measured on a nanosecond scale, so while not noticeable to the user, it presents a potential throttle for achieving the highest possible speed. According to AMD, however, this should be a moot point.

AMD also doubled the L3 cache size. The cache lets the processor retrieve information it needs more quickly. These new processors use multiple caches to divide this memory so that nothing is replicated, which has resulted in performance improvements that make process lag irrelevant.

Why All This Matters—and Why It’s Exciting

Now that we’ve covered the technical aspects of these chips, let’s boil down to the reason you’re reading this article in the first place: why it’s so exciting.

The first and foremost reason is competition. Intel has had a monopoly on high-performance cards for years. While AMD isn’t a bad option, those looking for top of the line performance have to pay whatever Intel prices their cards at. With AMD coming onto the scene and at least matching or potentially beating Intel, it means competition and hopefully lower prices.

The second reason is that new manufacturing processes mean more innovation and improvements in the computing field. A lot of talk has swirled around for years about quantum computing and other potential avenues to explore, and for good reason: everyone could see the end of the line for our previous methods.

While 7 nanometer transistors pose challenges of their own, their development and use in consumer-grade products is a good sign that manufacturers are on the right path to the next stage of computer technology.

The third reason, and the one most relevant to gamers, is the potential for better graphics and more frames per second at a semi-affordable price point. A maxed-out gaming PC isn’t always affordable, and maintaining a cutting-edge system will never be a cheap hobby, but better processers mean less power, which means less of the budget has to go to a power supply.

People get excited about new games and awesome computer builds, but behind all the flash and glamour lies the heart of computing: the processors, motherboards, and other components that make it all work. And when those components get major improvements like this, well—that’s a reason to get excited.

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