Marka aad internetka ka baadhayso, waxa aad inta badan la kulantaa ereyga "cookies." Shabakado badan ayaa ku wargeliya isticmaalka cookies-ka, oo ku weydiiya oggolaanshahaaga. Daalacashada shabakadu waxay leeyihiin goobo badan oo lagu maareeyo cookies-ka xitaa browserka wax-ku-darka wuxuu xusaa xannibaadda kuukiiska ee dhammaan noocyada kala duwan. Inkasta oo aad ogtahay in "kukiyada"^("cookies") kuwanu aysan ahayn macmacaan macaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan si sax ah u ogaan waxa ay yihiin iyo waxa ay ujeeddadoodu tahay internetka. Tani waa sababta, maqaalkan, waxaan ku sharxeynaa waxa ay yihiin cookies, waxay qabtaan iyo sida ay u shaqeeyaan, iyo nooca cookies ee inta badan lagu isticmaalo internetka. Aan bilowno:

Waa maxay cookies-ka internetka?

Kukiyadu waa faylal haya macluumaadka adiga, biraawsarkaaga webka iyo habdhaqankaaga intarneedka. Waa faylal yaryar oo lagu kaydiyay PC-gaaga ama qalabkaaga, kuwaas oo ay isticmaali karaan mareegaha ama apps-ka webka si ay ugu habeeyaan khibradaada khadka ah.

Maxay sameeyaan cookies?

Kukiyada waxa loo diraa inta u dhaxaysa soo diraha (badanaa mareegaha ama abka shabakada) iyo qaataha (qalabkaaga). Buskudka waxa abuura oo tarjuma soo-diraha, halka soo-qaaduhu uu hayo oo keliya oo uu dib u soo celinayo haddii soo dirayuhu uu codsado.

Marka la daalacanayo mareegaha, soo-diraha waa server-ka uu ku shaqeeyo mareegaha, qaatahana waa browser-ka mareegaha isticmaalaha booqda website-kaas. Ujeedadoodu waa in la aqoonsado isticmaalaha, hubiyo waxqabadkiisii ​​hore ee mareegaha iyo bixinta macluumaad ku habboon oo ku salaysan xogtan.

Marka ugu horraysa ee adeegsaduhu booqdo mareegaha, seerfarku waxa uu ku kaydiyaa buskud gaar ah browserka isticmaaleha. Booqashooyinka xiga ee mareegaha, seerfarku waxa uu waydiiyaa buskudkiisa, wuu akhriyaa oo waxa uu ku shubaa habayn gaar ah oo shabakada isticmaaleha gaarka ah. Waxaad ka fikiri kartaa cookies sida summada ay adeegsadeen shabakadu isticmaale kasta, kaas oo ay akhriyaan server-yada shabakadu si ay u aqoonsadaan isticmaaleyaasha.

Aqoonsigan ayaa faa'iido u leh shabakadaha halkaas oo xogta isticmaalaha wakhtiga dhabta ah ay muhiim tahay. Tusaale ahaan, marka aad isticmaalayso dukaan online ah, ma iibsan kartid wax la'aanteed caawinta cookies-ka. Dukaamadu ma awoodi karaan inay ku gartaan oo ay dhistaan ​​gaarigaaga wax iibsiga la'aantood sababtoo ah mar kasta oo aad soo dhejiso bogga internetka, dukaanku wuxuu kuu arki doonaa isticmaale cusub oo ka soo bilaabo booqashadaada meel eber.

Maxaa ku jira buskudka?

Barowsar kasta oo casriga ah wuxuu taageeraa cookies, waxayna leeyihiin cabbir yar, oo qiyaastii 4 KB ah. Si aan kaaga caawino inaad fahanto qaabka buskudka, aynu tusaale u soo qaadano buskudka "cfduid" ee uu soo diray mareegahayaga - Digital Citizen . Waxaan ku falanqeynay anagoo adeegsanayna Google Chrome .

Waa kan qaab dhismeedkeeda:

1. Magaca^(Name) - magaca buskudka.
2. Nuxurka^(Content) - macluumaadka buskugu ka kooban yahay.
3. Domain - goobta isticmaalka buskudkan.
4. Jidka^(Path) - bogga bogga goobta buskudka lagu isticmaalo. Haddii dariiqdu tahay "/" waxay la macno tahay in buskudka laga isticmaalo dhammaan mareegaha.
5. U dir^{(Send for)} - heerka amniga ee isku xirka u baahan yahay isticmaalka buskudka.
6. La heli karo qoraalka^{(Accessible to script)} - waxay tusinaysaa in buskudka lagu heli karo siyaabo kale oo aan HTML ahayn iyo in kale .
7. La sameeyay^(Created) - taariikhda buskudka lagu abuuray browserka isticmaalaha
8. Expires - wakhtiga uu buskugu dhacayo ee browserku tirtiro.

Immisa nooc oo buskud ah ayaa jira?

Inkasta oo ereyga kukigu uu yahay mid guud, waxaa jira siyaabo badan oo buskudka loo isticmaali karo. Tani waa sababta ay jiraan noocyo kala duwan oo cookies ah oo ku saabsan internetka. Noocyada ugu caansan waa kuwan soo socda:

• Kukiyada fadhiga^{(Session cookies)} - mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan. Waxay ku jiraan xusuusta ku meel gaadhka ah ilaa browserka shabakadu xidhmo. Ma aha waxyeello sababtoo ah dhammaan xogtooda waa la tirtiraa marka fadhigaaga daalacashada uu dhamaado.
• Kukiyada joogtada ah^{(Persistent cookies)} - waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan kukiyada raadraaca. Waxay ku sii jirayaan aaladda isticmaalaha ilaa ay tirtiraan ama ay gaadhaan taariikhda uu dhacayo. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ururiyo macluumaadka ku saabsan isticmaalaha, lagu qoro habdhaqankiisa ama iyada shabakad gaar ah muddo wakhti ah.
• Kukiyada sugan^{(Secure cookies)} - buskud sir ah oo shaqeeya oo keliya marka la isticmaalayo isku xirka HTTPS ee sugan . Kukiyadaan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu hubiyo in xogtooda aysan xadi karin tuugada suurtagalka ah ee ku xiran isla shabakada isticmaalaha. Waxay xafidaan macluumaadka lagama maarmaanka ah ee ku saabsan isticmaalaha waxaana inta badan loo adeegsadaa shabakadaha ay isticmaalayaashu ku sameeyaan macaamil lacageed. Sababtoo ah waa la siray, aad bay uga ammaan badan yihiin noocyada kale ee cookies.
• Kukiyada HttpKaliya^{(HttpOnly cookies)} - laguma isticmaali karo borotokool kasta oo aan HTTP ahayn . Kukiyada noocan oo kale ah waxay hubiyaan in kaliya website-ka iyaga abuuray uu isticmaali karo. Keliya cookies-ka fadhiga ayaa noqon kara HttpOnly, guud ahaanna ma tilmaamayaan wax sir ah ama khataro amni oo isticmaalayaasha ah.
• Kukiyada qolo saddexaad^{(Third-party cookies)} - cookies-kan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qayb kale, oo aan ahayn kii soo diray. Caadi ahaan waxaa loo soo diraa xayeysiisyada waxayna ku kaydin karaan taariikhda isticmaale ee shabakado badan oo adeegsada isla shabakad xayaysiis. Kukiyadaani waxay dhaawici karaan sirtaada sababtoo ah shabakadaha xayeysiiska qaarkood waxay u isticmaalaan inay la socdaan xog badan oo adiga kugu saabsan, si ay u muujiyaan xayeysiisyada la beegsaday.
• Kukiyada Zombie^{(Zombie cookie)} - cookies kuwaas oo dib isu abuura ka dib marka la tirtiro. Guud ahaan waxa isticmaala adeegyada falanqaynta webka waxaana lagu kaydiyaa meel ka baxsan browserka sababtoo ah waxa laga helayaa daalacashada ku rakiban isla kombayutarka. Sababta ay naftooda u abuuraan waa inay ka hortagaan in xogta ay noqoto mid kala go'a ka dib marka isticmaaluhu tirtiro cookies-ka. Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa ujeedooyin xaasidnimo ah sababtoo ah biraawsarku ma xakameyn karo jiritaankooda. Kaliya alaabada amniga ayaa aqoonsan kara cookies-ka oo ka saari kara.

Goorma ayaa la alifay cookies (taariikh kooban)?

Bishii Luulyo 1994^{(July 1994)} , shaqaale ka tirsan Isgaadhsiinta Netscape^{(Netscape Communications)} waa inuu horumariyo codsiga e-ganacsiga. Waxa ay ahayd in uu helo hab fudud oo uu gaadhiga wax iibsiga ugu haysan karo qof kasta, isaga oo aan si xad-dhaaf ah u saarin server-ka, sidaa awgeed waxa uu go’aansaday in sida ugu wanaagsan ee arrintan loo samayn karo ay tahay in macluumaadkan lagu kaydiyo browserka webka isticmaale kasta. Sababtoo ah cookies ayaa horay loogu isticmaalay qaybaha kala duwan ee warshadaha IT-ga, wuxuu go'aansaday in sidoo kale loo isticmaali karo browsing webka.

Barowsarkii ugu horreeyay ee adeegsada oo taageera cookies wuxuu ahaa Mosaic Netscape , Oktoobar 1994^{(October 1994)} . Hal sano ka dib, Internet Explorer 2 ayaa sidoo kale taageeray cookies. Tan iyo markaas, dhammaan daalacayaasha shabakadu waxay taageero u fidiyeen cookies. Inkasta oo sababta loo abuuray ay tahay mid togan, cookies-ka ayaa hadda loo isticmaalaa dhammaan noocyada ujeedooyinka, kuwaas oo qaarkood aan ahayn kuwo anshax ama sharci ah.

Waa maxay sababta aan u arko fariimaha ku saabsan cookies-ka bog kasta?

Haddii aad ku nooshahay Yurub^(Europe) , ama aad ka baadhayso shabakada adoo isticmaalaya Yurub^(Europe) ciwaanka IP-ga, waxaad ku arkaysaa tilmaamo ku saabsan isticmaalka cookies-ka shabakado badan oo aad booqato. Dalabyadan waxaa lagu muujiyey sababtoo ah sharciga Ilaalinta Xogta Guud (GDPR)^{(General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR))} ee lagu dabaqo dhammaan wadamada ay sameeyeen midowga Yurub^(European) , iyo dhammaan mareegaha iyo adeegyada internetka ee leh isticmaalayaasha Yurub^(European) .

Ujeedada dardaarankan ayaa ah in lagu wargaliyo dhammaan isticmaalayaasha Yurubta ku saabsan cookies-ka, sida loo isticmaalo iyo sababta, iyo in la waydiiyo ogolaanshahooda cad. Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad akhrido tilmaamahan oo aad ogolaato kaliya isticmaalka aad ku fiican tahay.

Sida loo arko loona maareeyo cookies-ka lagu kaydiyay biraawsarkaaga shabakadaha internetka

Haddii aad rabto inaad ogaato sida loo arko loona maamulo cookies-ka biraawsarkaaga mareegahaagu ku kaydiyo qalabkaaga, waxaanu haynaa hagayaal daboolaya dhammaan daalacashada shabakadda ee waaweyn. Waa kuwan:

• 2 siyaabood oo loo arko (lagana saaro) cookies-ka lagu kaydiyo Google Chrome^{(2 ways to view (and remove) the cookies stored in Google Chrome)}
• Sida loo eego loogana saaro cookies-ka ku kaydsan Mozilla Firefox^{(How to view and remove the cookies stored in Mozilla Firefox)}
• Sida loo arko loogana saaro cookies-ka lagu kaydiyay Microsoft Edge^{(How to view and remove the cookies stored in Microsoft Edge)}
• 2 siyaabood oo loo arko loogana saaro cookies-ka lagu kaydiyay Opera^{(2 ways to view and remove the cookies stored in Opera)}
• Dami cookies-ka kooxda saddexaad ee Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera iyo Internet Explorer^{(Disable third-party cookies in Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera and Internet Explorer)}

Gabagabo

Kukiyada ayaa si weyn looga isticmaalaa intarneedka sababtoo ah waxay u ogolaadaan shabakadaha inay noqdaan kuwa awood badan iyagoo siinaya waxyaabaha ugu faa'iidada badan isticmaale kasta. Xaaladaha qaarkood, mareegaha ma shaqeyn karaan iyaga oo aan isticmaalin cookies. Waxay kaloo u ogolaadaan shabakadaha inay wax ka bartaan isticmaalkooda iyo boggaga ay booqanayaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida tignoolajiyada kale, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa ujeedooyin aan fiicnayn. Taasi waa sababta ogaanshaha sida cookies u shaqeeyo iyo sida loo isticmaalo ay tahay xirfad faa'iido u leh muwaadin kasta oo dhijitaal ah oo ka baadhaya shabakada. Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah ka qabto cookies, ha ka waaban inaad faallo kaga tagto xagga hoose.

Simple questions: What are cookies and what do they do?

When browsing the internet, you often enсounter thе term "cookies." Many websites inform you about using cookies, and ask for your approval. Web browsers have many settings for managing cookies and even browser add-ons mention blocking cookies of all kinds. Even though you know that these "cookies" are not exactly a sweet dessert, you may not know precisely what they are and what their purpose is on the internet. This is why, in this article, we explain what cookies are, what they do and how they work, and what kind of cookies are most frequently used on the internet. Let's get started:

What are cookies on the internet?

Cookies are files that hold information about you, your web browser and your behavior on the internet. They are tiny files stored on your PC or device, which can be used by websites or web apps to tailor your online experience.

What do cookies do?

Cookies are sent between a sender (usually a website or a web app) and a receiver (your device). A cookie is created and interpreted by the sender, while the receiver only holds it and sends it back if the sender asks for it.

When browsing the web, the sender is the server on which a website runs, and the receiver is the web browser of the user who visits that website. Their purpose is to identify the user, check for his or her past activity on the website and provide appropriate content based on this data.

The first time a user visits a website, the server stores a particular cookie in the web browser of that user. On subsequent visits to the website, the server asks for its cookie, reads it and loads a particular configuration of the website for that specific user. You can think of cookies like a tag applied by web servers to every user, which is read by web servers to identify users.

This identification is beneficial on websites where real-time user data is critical. For example, when using an online shop, you cannot buy anything without the help of cookies. Shops would not be able to identify you and build your shopping cart without them because each time you load a web page, the shop would see you as a new user and start your visit from scratch.

What is inside of a cookie?

Every modern web browser supports cookies, and they have a small size, of roughly 4 KB. To help you understand the structure of a cookie, let's use as an example the "cfduid" cookie sent by our website - Digital Citizen. We analyzed it using Google Chrome.

Here is its structure:

1. Name - the name of the cookie.
2. Content - the information the cookie contains.
3. Domain - the domain using this cookie.
4. Path - the page of the domain where the cookie is used. If the path is "/" it means that the cookie is used across the whole website.
5. Send for - the level of security the connection needs to have to use the cookie.
6. Accessible to script - it shows whether or not the cookie can be accessed through other ways than HTML.
7. Created - the date the cookie was created on the user's web browser.
8. Expires - the moment when the cookie expires and the browser deletes it.

How many types of cookies are there?

Even though the term cookie is rather general, there are many ways a cookie can be used. This is why there are different types of cookies on the internet. The most common types are the following:

• Session cookies - one of the most common. They exist in temporary memory until the web browser is closed. They are not harmful because all their information is deleted when your browsing session is over.
• Persistent cookies - also called tracking cookies. They last on the user's device until they are deleted or reach their expiry date. They are used to gather information about the user, recording his or her behavior on a specific website over a period of time.
• Secure cookies - an encrypted cookie that works only when using a secure HTTPS connection. These cookies are used to ensure that their information cannot be stolen by potential hackers connected to the same network as the user. They keep essential information about the user and are used mostly on websites where users perform financial transactions. Because they are encrypted, they are a lot more secure than other types of cookies.
• HttpOnly cookies - they cannot be used by any protocol other than HTTP. Such cookies ensure that only the website that created them can use them. Only session cookies can be HttpOnly, and they generally do not imply any privacy or security risks for users.
• Third-party cookies - these cookies belong to a different domain, other than the one that sent them. They are usually sent by ads and can store the browsing history of a user across multiple websites that use the same advertising network. These cookies may hurt your privacy because some ad networks use them to track way too much data about you, to display targeted ads.
• Zombie cookie - cookies that recreate themselves after they are deleted. They are generally used by web analytics services and stored outside of the browser because they are available across browsers installed on the same computer. The reason they recreate themselves is to prevent data from becoming fragmented after the user deletes the cookies. They can also be used for malicious purposes because the web browser cannot control their existence. Only security products can identify zombie cookies and remove them.

When were cookies invented (a concise history)?

In July 1994, an employee at Netscape Communications had to develop an e-commerce application. He had to find an easy way to keep the shopping cart for every user, without overloading the server, so he decided that the best way to do this was to store this information in the web browser of every user. Because cookies were already used in different fields of the IT industry, he decided they could also be used for web browsing.

The first browser to use and support cookies was Mosaic Netscape, in October 1994. One year later, Internet Explorer 2 also supported cookies. Since then, all web browsers have offered support for cookies. Even though the reason why they were created is a positive one, cookies are now used for all kinds of purposes, some of which are not ethical or legal.

Why am I seeing messages about cookies on every website?

If you live in Europe, or you are browsing the web using a European IP address, you see prompts about the use of cookies on many websites that you visit. These prompts are shown because of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) legislation that is applied in all the countries that form the European union, and to all the website and online services that have European users.

The purpose of these prompts is to inform all European users about cookies, how they are used and why, and ask for their explicit consent. We recommend that you read these prompts and permit only the uses that you are OK with.

How to see and manage the cookies stored in your web browser by websites

If you want to know how to see and manage the cookies your web browser stores on your device, we have guides that cover all the major web browsers. Here they are:

• 2 ways to view (and remove) the cookies stored in Google Chrome
• How to view and remove the cookies stored in Mozilla Firefox
• How to view and remove the cookies stored in Microsoft Edge
• 2 ways to view and remove the cookies stored in Opera
• Disable third-party cookies in Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera and Internet Explorer

Conclusion

Cookies are widely used on the internet because they allow websites to be more powerful by providing the most useful content to every user. In some cases, websites cannot function without using cookies. They also allow websites to learn about their users and the pages they are visiting. However, just like any other technology, they can also be used for unethical purposes. That is why knowing how cookies work and how they are used is a useful skill for any digital citizen browsing the web. If you have any questions about cookies, do not hesitate to leave a comment below.

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