Haddii aad waligaa qaabaysay darawalka, ha ahaado mid la rari karo ama gudaha kombuyuutarkaaga, markaa waxaad aragtay ereyga NTFS oo loo soo bandhigay ikhtiyaarka qaabaynta. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad is weydiisay waxa NTFS uga jeedo iyo, haddii aad ku soo degtay maqaalkan, waxaad raadineysaa jawaabta. Haddii aad rabto inaad ogaato waxa nidaamka faylka NTFS yahay iyo sababta aad u qaabaynayso darawaladaada adoo isticmaalaya ^(NTFS)NTFS , akhri:

Waa maxay NTFS?

NTFS waa soo gaabinta Nidaamka Faylka NT^{(NT File System)} ama Nidaamka Faylka Farsamada Cusub^{(New Technology File System)} waxayna tixraacdaa nidaamka faylka ee loo isticmaalo nidaamka hawlgalka si loo garto sida faylasha loo kaydiyo, loogu magacaabo loona habeeyo darawalka adag ee disk-ga ( HDD ), wadida adag ee gobolka ( SSD ). ), Usha xusuusta USB , kaadhka microSD iyo aaladaha kale ee la midka ah ee kaydinta.

Goorma ayaa la alifay NTFS yaase la alifay?

NTFS waa nidaam faylal ah oo ay samaysay Microsoft . Markii ugu horreysay waxaa la soo bandhigay bishii Luulyo 1993^{(July 1993)} , iyadoo la sii daayay Windows NT 3.1 . Sababtoo ah waxaa loo abuuray inay la shaqeyso qoyska Windows NT ee nidaamyada hawlgalka, Microsoft waxay u bixisay Nidaamka Faylka NT^{(NT File System)} , kaas oo noqday NTFS qaabkeeda la soo gaabiyey. Kahor NTFS , nidaamyada hawlgalka Windows waxay isticmaaleen nidaamka faylka FAT32 . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, FAT32waxay lahayd xaddidaadkeeda, sida xaqiiqda ah inay ku shaqayn karto oo keliya faylal ka yar 4GB iyo qaybo leh cabbirka ugu badan ee 8TB. Sidoo kale, ma aysan bixin wax ilaalin xog ah haddii ay dhacdo koronto go'an. NTFS waxay ahayd jawaabta dhibaatooyinkan oo dhan iyo in ka badan: waxay siisay taageero wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay metadata, wax qabad wanaagsan sababtoo ah habaynta xogta oo la hagaajiyay, kalsooni dheeraad ah iyo wixii la mid ah.

NTFS sida nidaam faylal ah ayaa horumaray intii uu noolaa, maadaama Microsoft ay sii wanaajisay nooceeda hore oo ay sii deysay taxane cusub oo sannado ah. Noocyada ugu waaweyn ee NTFS waa kuwan soo socda:

• NTFS 1 : markii ugu horreysay ee la sii daayo adduunka markii Windows NT 3.1 la bilaabay 1993.

• NTFS 1.1 : waxaa la sii daayay 1995, iyadoo leh Windows NT 3.51 .

• NTFS 1.2 : waxaa lagu bilaabay Windows NT 4.0 sanadkii 1996.

• NTFS 3.0 : waxaa markii ugu horeysay lagu soo bandhigay Windows 2000 , kaas oo ay heli karaan macaamiishu sanadkii 2000.

• NTFS 3.1 : waxaa la sii daayay Windows XP 2001. Inkasta oo ay heshay sifooyin badan oo cusub, nooca NTFS ee xudunta u ah isma beddelin tan iyo markaas. NTFS 3.1 waxa loo isticmaali jiray Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 iyo 8.1, walina waxa lagu isticmaalayaa Windows 10.

Faa'iidooyinka isticmaalka NTFS

NTFS waa nidaam fayl oo bixiya faa'iidooyin badan. Qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan waa kuwan soo socda:

• NTFS waa nidaam faylal la isku halayn karo . ^(reliable)Waxay dib u soo celin kartaa joogteynta nidaamka faylka haddii ay dhacdo koronto lumis ama nidaam xumo. Waxa kale oo ay dib u habeyn kartaa waaxaha xun iyada oo ka wareejinta xogta la soo kaban karo ee qaybahan oo kale una wareejinayso kuwa caafimaadka qaba, iyo iyada oo ku calaamadisa qaybaha xun si aan loo isticmaalin.

• Waxay bixisaa badbaado^(security) , iyadoo kuu oggolaanaysa inaad dejiso oggolaanshaha faylasha iyo faylalka^{(set permissions on files and folders)} , si ay u dejiyaan isticmaaleyaasha iyo kooxaha isticmaaleyaasha oo keliya.
• Waxay taageertaa qaybo cabbir oo waaweyn, oo leh cabbirka ugu sarreeya ee aragti ahaan 16 EiB (exbibytes) laga jaray 1 KB, oo qiyaastii ah 1152921 TB (terabytes)! Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cabbirka qaybta ugu badan ee ay aqbaleen nidaamyada hawlgalka Windows waa 256 TB, taas oo weli ah qiimo la taaban karo.

• NTFS waxa ay taageertaa kootooyinka diskka^{(disk quotas)} , kuwaas oo ah hab lagu kontoroolo booska kaydinta ee laga heli karo darawalka ama qaybinta. Waxay u ogolaadaan maamulayaasha inay dejiyaan qaddarka macluumaadka isticmaale kastaa ku kaydin karo darawal gaar ah ama qayb qayb. Haddii aad rabto inaad ogaato sida loogu sameeyo kumbuyuutarkaaga Windows, akhri hagahan: Su'aalo fudud: Waa maxay kootada diskooga & sida loo dejiyo Windows? ^{(Simple questions: What are disk quotas & How to set them in Windows?)}.

• Waxay isticmaali kartaa isku-buufinta faylka^{(file compression)} si ay u kordhiso booska kaydinta bilaashka ah ee laga heli karo saxanka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isticmaalayaasha guriga, faa'iidooyinka waxaa hadheeyay luminta waxqabadka nidaamka: mar kasta oo aad gasho faylalka la isku dhejiyay, nidaamka hawlgalka waa inuu hoos u dhigaa iyaga, mar kasta oo aad dhammayso la shaqayntooda, waa inay dib u cadaadiso.
• Waxay kuu ogolaanaysaa inaad isticmaasho mugga korka ah^{(mounted volumes)} , taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad heli karto mugga diskka sida faylalka caadiga ah ee nidaamka faylalkaaga.

• NTFS waxay dib u heli kartaa boos bilaash ah faylal yaryar^{(sparse files)} , iyada oo la socodka meelaha waaweyn ee isku xigta ee eber ee faylasha ku jira saxanka. Halkii lagu hayn lahaa booska diskiga macluumaadka madhan, meelahan faylalka waxaa lagu beddeli karaa metadata oo u sheegaysa nidaamka hawlgalka in boos bannaan laga helay halkaas.

• NTFS waxay leedahay joornaal^(journaling) , taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay hayso diiwaanka faylasha lagu daray, wax laga beddelay ama lagu tirtiray darawalka.

Khasaarooyinka isticmaalka NTFS

Khasaarooyinka nidaamka faylka NTFS waa:^(NTFS)

• Aalado badan oo mobilada ah sida taleefannada casriga ah ee Android iyo tablet-yada, kuma taageeraan NTFS meel ka baxsan sanduuqa.

• NTFS -ga qaabaysan waxa akhriyi kara kombayuutarrada Mac OS, laakiin waxa loo qori karaa oo keliya iyadoo la kaashanayo software dhinac saddexaad ah.

• Qaar ka mid ah aaladaha warbaahinta qadiimiga ah sida cayaartoyda DVD , TV-yada^(TVs) , ama kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah, sidoo kale ma bixiyaan taageerada aaladaha kaydinta NTFS .
• Kuma jiraan nidaamka dammaanad-qaadka waxqabadka iyo baaxadda nidaamka faylka sida nidaamyada kale ee cusub ee faylalka ay sameeyaan.
• Kuma shaqayn karto tiro aan xadidnayn oo buug-hoosaadyo ah sida nidaamyada faylalka kale ay sameeyaan. Waxay ku kooban tahay 16.000 faylal oo ku jira hal hage. Isticmaalayaasha intooda badan, tani dhib kuma matasho.

Sidee loo isticmaalaa NTFS?

NTFS waa nidaamka faylka caadiga ah ee ay isticmaalaan nidaamyada hawlgalka Microsoft , tan iyo Windows XP . Dhammaan noocyada Windows tan iyo Windows XP waxay isticmaalaan nooca NTFS 3.1 . NTFS sidoo kale waa doorasho aad u fiican iyo nidaam faylal caan ah oo ku saabsan darawallada adag ee dibadda ah oo leh awoodo kaydin oo waaweyn sababtoo ah waxay taageertaa qaybo waaweyn iyo faylal waaweyn.

NTFS inta badan laguma isticmaalo kaararka SD, iyo xusuusta USB waxay ku xiran tahay awoodda kaydinta yar. Xaaladahan, FAT32 ama exFAT ayaa la door bidaa sababtoo ah la jaanqaadka wanaagsan ee qalabka warbaahinta.

Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka barato hababka ugu fiican ee ku saabsan nidaamka faylka ugu fiican ee loo isticmaalo qaabaynta aaladaha kala duwan, waa inaad akhridaa hagahan: FAT32 ama NTFS? Sida loo qaabeeyo kaararka SD, ulaha xusuusta, iyo hard drives-yada^{(FAT32 or NTFS? How to format SD cards, memory sticks, and hard drives)} .

NTFS ma ka dhakhso badan tahay ama ma ka gaabiyaa FAT32 ?

Nidaamka faylka NTFS waa inuu ka dheereeyaa FAT32 . Si loo arko haddii ay taasi run tahay, waxaan ku orodnay dhowr bartilmaameed oo leh CrystalDiskMark , anagoo adeegsanayna labadan nidaam faylal ah oo ku saabsan dhowr qalab oo kayd ah oo aan ku haysanay miiskayaga. Waxaan isticmaalnay:

1. 256GB Samsung NVMe M.2 PCI Express X4 SSD ee laga helay laptop- kayaga Lenovo Legion Y520^{(our Lenovo Legion Y520 laptop)} (oo uu matalo lambarka 1),
2. 250GB SATA III Samsung 750 EVO SSD (oo ay matalaan lambarka 2),
3. a Kingston DataTraveler microDuo 3C (oo ay matalaan xarafka 3),
4. IronKey D300^{(IronKey D300)} (oo ay matalaan xarafka 4), iyo
5. SanDisk Ultra Fit ( oo ay matalaan xarafka 5).

Waa kuwan xawaarihii aan cabbirnay markii aan qaabeynay anagoo adeegsanayna nidaamka faylka NTFS :

Oo waa kuwan xawaaraha aan ku duubnay dhammaantood markaan isticmaalnay FAT32 :

Markaad eegto natiijooyinkan, waxaad arki kartaa in labadaba darawallada adag ee gobolka (oo ay matalaan tirooyinka 1 iyo 2) ay si degdeg ah u akhriyeen xogta nidaamka faylka NTFS , laakiin natiijadu waxay la mid yihiin marka xogta la qorayo. Waxaan sidoo kale ku aragnaa wax la mid ah IronKey D300 (oo matala lambarka 4) iyo SanDisk Ultra Fit (oo matala lambarka 5), ​​kuwaas oo sidoo kale ahaa kuwa ugu dhaqsaha badan ee akhrinta xogta marka la isticmaalayo NTFS .

Waxaan ku soo gabagabeyneynaa in ay fiicantahay in la isticmaalo NTFS haddii aad rabto xawaare, gaar ahaan darawalada adag ee gobolka, halkaas oo xawaaraha akhrisku uu ka sarreeyo xad weyn marka loo eego nidaamkii hore ee FAT32 .

Ma isticmaashaa NTFS?

Haddii aad leedahay kumbuyuutar Windows ama tablet, waxay u badan tahay inaad sidoo kale isticmaalayso NTFS . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan xiiseyneynaa: ma u isticmaashaa NTFS sida nidaamka faylkaaga doorashada ee hard-drives dibadda, ulaha xusuusta USB , iyo kaararka xusuusta SD? Hoos ka faallooda^(Comment) oo aynu ka wada hadalno faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaarooyinka isticmaalka nidaamka faylka NTFS .

Simple questions: What is NTFS and why is it useful?

If you have ever formatted a drive, be it removable or internal to your computer, then you have seen the term NTFS displayed as an option for formatting. You may have asked yourself what NTFS meant and, if you landed on this article, you are looking for the answer. If you want to know what the NTFS file system is and why you should format your drives using NTFS, read on:

What is NTFS?

NTFS is an acronym for NT File System or New Technology File System and refers to a file system used by the operating system to identify how files are stored, named and organized on a hard-disk drive (HDD), solid-state drive (SSD), USB memory stick, microSD card and other similar storage devices.

When was NTFS invented and by who?

NTFS is a file system that was developed by Microsoft. It was first introduced in July 1993, with the release of Windows NT 3.1. Because it was created to work with the Windows NT family of operating systems, Microsoft called it the NT File System, which became NTFS in its abbreviated form. Before NTFS, the Windows operating systems used the FAT32 file system. However, FAT32 had its limitations, such as the fact that it could work only with files smaller than 4GB and partitions with a maximum size of 8TB. Also, it did not offer any data protection in case of a power outage. NTFS was the answer to all these problems and more: it provided better support for metadata, better performance because of its improved data structuring, more reliability and so on.

NTFS as a file system has evolved during its lifetime, as Microsoft kept improving on its initial version and released a series of updates over the years. The major NTFS versions are the following:

• NTFS 1: the first release that came to see the world when Windows NT 3.1 was launched in 1993.

• NTFS 1.1: was released in 1995, with Windows NT 3.51.

• NTFS 1.2: launched with Windows NT 4.0 in 1996.

• NTFS 3.0: was first introduced in Windows 2000, which was available to consumers in the year 2000.

• NTFS 3.1: was released with Windows XP in 2001. Although it had received many new features, the core NTFS version has not changed since then. NTFS 3.1 was used in Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8 and 8.1, and it is still being used in Windows 10.

The pros of using NTFS

NTFS is a file system that offers plenty of advantages. Some of the most important are the following:

• NTFS is a reliable file system. It can restore the consistency of the file system in case of a power loss or system failure. It can also remap bad sectors by moving recoverable data from such sectors to healthy ones, and by tagging the bad sectors as not to be used.

• It offers security, by letting you set permissions on files and folders, so that only set users and groups of users can access them.
• It supports large size partitions, with a theoretical maximum size of a whopping 16 EiB (exbibytes) minus 1 KB, which is approximately 1152921 TB (terabytes)! However, the maximum partition size accepted by Windows operating systems is of 256 TB, which is still a considerable value.

• NTFS supports disk quotas, which are a means of controlling the storage space available on a drive or partition. They allow administrators to set the amount of information each user can store on a specific drive or partition. If you want to know how to do that on your own Windows computer, read this guide: Simple questions: What are disk quotas & How to set them in Windows?.

• It can use file compression to increase the free storage space available on a disk. However, for the home user, the gains are overshadowed by the system performance loss: each time you access compressed files, the operating system has to decompress them, and each time you finish working with them, it has to re-compress them.
• It allows you to use mounted volumes, which means that you can access disk volumes as regular folders in your files system.

• NTFS can regain free space from sparse files, by monitoring the consecutive large areas of zeros from files on the disk. Instead of keeping disk space occupied by empty information, these areas of the files can be replaced with metadata that tells the operating system that that empty space is found there.

• NTFS has journaling, which means that it keeps a log of the files added, modified or deleted on a drive.

The cons of using NTFS

The disadvantages of the NTFS file system are:

• Many mobile devices such as Android smartphones and tablets, do not support NTFS out of the box.

• NTFS formatted drives can be read by Mac OS computers, but they can be written to only with the help of third-party software.

• Some older some older media devices such as DVD players, TVs, or digital cameras, also do not offer support for NTFS storage devices.
• It does not include a system for guaranteeing performance and bandwidth to the file system like other newer file systems do.
• It cannot work with an unlimited number of subdirectories like other file systems do. It is limited to 16.000 folders in a single directory. For most users, this does not represent a problem.

How is NTFS used?

NTFS is the default file system used by Microsoft's operating systems, since Windows XP. All Windows versions since Windows XP use NTFS version 3.1. NTFS is also an excellent choice and a popular file system on external hard-disk drives with large storage capacities because it supports large partitions and big files.

NTFS is not often used on SD cards, and USB memory sticks with small storage capacity. In this cases, FAT32 or exFAT are preferred because of the better compatibility with media devices.

If you want to learn more about the best practices regarding the best file system used for formatting various devices, you should read this guide: FAT32 or NTFS? How to format SD cards, memory sticks, and hard drives.

Is NTFS faster or slower than FAT32?

The NTFS file system should be faster than FAT32. To see if that is true, we ran a few benchmarks with CrystalDiskMark, using these two file systems on a few storage devices that we had on our desk. We used:

1. the 256GB Samsung NVMe M.2 PCI Express X4 SSD found in our Lenovo Legion Y520 laptop (represented by number 1),
2. a 250GB SATA III Samsung 750 EVO SSD (represented by number 2),
3. a Kingston DataTraveler microDuo 3C (represented by letter 3),
4. an IronKey D300 (represented by letter 4), and
5. a SanDisk Ultra Fit (represented by letter 5).

Here are the speeds we measured when we formatted them using the NTFS filesystem:

And here are the speeds we recorded on all of them when using FAT32:

From looking at these results, you can see that both solid state drives (represented by the numbers 1 and 2) were faster at reading data from an NTFS file system, but the results were similar when writing data. We also see the same thing with the IronKey D300 (represented by number 4) and with the SanDisk Ultra Fit (represented by number 5), which were also the fastest at reading data when using NTFS.

We conclude that it is best to use NTFS if you want speed, especially on solid state drives, where the reading speeds are higher by a significant margin compared to the old FAT32 file system.

Do you use NTFS?

If you own a Windows computer or tablet, it is most likely that you are also using NTFS. However, we are curious: do you use NTFS as your file system of choice for external hard-drives, USB memory sticks, and SD memory cards? Comment below and let's discuss the pros and cons of using the NTFS file system.

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