Waxaan sharad ku leenahay in badi dadka aqoonta wanaagsan u leh tignoolajiyada ay maqleen ereyga SoC ama System on a Chip . Ma ahayn wax badan 20 sano ka hor, ama ugu yaraan ma ahayn wax si ballaaran loo isticmaalo sida maanta, laakiin maanta, System on a Chip wuxuu u taagan yahay habka loo sameeyo qalabka elektaroonigga ah kuwa yaryar, ka xoog badan iyo Tamar ka tayo badan sidii hore. Taasi waa wax fiican oo sahlan laakiin ma ogtahay waxa Soc yahay? Waa maxay macnaha SoC ama System on Chip^{(System on a Chip)} ? Waa maxay sababta ay shay muhiim ugu tahay taleefannada casriga ah, tablet-yada, router-yada wireless-ka, kuwa xiran iyo aaladaha kale ee mobilada? Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato waxa SoCMacnaheedu waxa weeye, waxa ay qabato, iyo sababta ay arrintani u weyn tahay, akhri maqaalkan, waxaadna ka heli doontaa jawaabo:

Waa maxay SoC (Nidaamka Chip)?

SoC waa muddada gaaban ee Nidaamka Chip^{(System on a Chip)} . Nidaamka Chip^{(System on a Chip)} waa wareeg elektaroonik ah oo isku dhafan oo ka kooban qaybo kala duwan oo elektiroonig ah oo loogu talagalay in laga wada shaqeeyo si loo gaaro yool guud. Qaybta hore ee ereyga - System - ayaa sheegaysa in ay ku saabsan tahay isku-dhafka elektaroonigga ah ee adag, halka qaybta ugu dambeysa - Chip - ay kuu sheegayso in dhammaan qaybaha nidaamkaas ay isku urursan yihiin hal wareeg oo isku dhafan.

Si aad fikrad fiican u heshid waxa uu yahay System on Chip^{(System on a Chip)} , u qiyaas in uu yahay kombuyuutar buuxa oo la yareeyey lana cufan si uu ugu habboonaado hal jajab. Tusaale ahaan, SoC -ga waxa lala barbar dhigi karaa nidaam yar oo leh Motherboard, Processor, kaadhka garaafyada, kaarka shabakadda iyo wixii la mid ah. Si aad u hesho sawir wanaagsan, hoos ka eeg cutubkan, oo waxaad arki doontaa sida uu u eg yahay nidaamka Exynos 4 Quad (4412) ee Chip^{(System on a Chip)} , oo ku yaal sabuuradda wareegga ee taleefanka casriga ah ee Samsung Galaxy S III .

Xigasho: Wikipedia .

Waa maxay isticmaalka guud ee SoCs?

Nidaamyada Chips-^{(Systems on Chips)} ka ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshado badan oo loogu talagalay dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee ujeedooyinka sida taleefannada casriga ah, tablets, wearables, kamaradaha digital, router wireless iyo wixii la mid ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, malaha isticmaalkooda ugu caansan maanta waa awooda talefannada casriga ah. Haddii aad la yaabban tahay sababta, maskaxda ku hay in talefannada casriga ah iyo tablet-kuba ay yihiin aalado yaryar oo u baahan awood badan oo farsamayn ah si ay u shaqeeyaan dhammaantoodna waxay u baahan yihiin inay buuxiyaan shuruudaha isticmaaleyaasha, kuwaas oo si isa soo taraya u baahan.

Waa kan sida uu u adag yahay Nidaamka Qualcomm 's Snapdragon 600 ee Chip-^{(System on a Chip )} ka - SoC -ga loo adeegsaday taleefankii hore ee Samsung Galaxy S4 . Taleefannada cusub xitaa aad bay u dhib badan yihiin oo waxay leeyihiin SoCs kuwaas oo xitaa aad loo yareeyey.

Xigasho: ^(Source:) Wikipedia

Tusaale ahaan, dadku waxay rabaan inay awood u yeeshaan inay isticmaalaan taleefannadooda casriga ah si ay u baadho internetka, dhegaystaan ​​​​muusikada, daawashada fiidiyowyada, isticmaalaan GPS -ka navigation, sawiro iyo filimaan fiidiyoow ah, ciyaaro ciyaaraha, mar walba ku xiran shabakadaha bulshada, iyo wixii la mid ah. Dhammaan kuwan waa waxyaabo u baahan ma aha oo kaliya processor-ka wanaagsan, laakiin sidoo kale chip garaaf fiican, fiilada degdegga ah iyo chip Bluetooth , taageerada isku xirka shabakadaha 4G, GPSchip oo liisku wuu sii socon karaa. Iyo dhammaan waxaas oo dhan waa inay dhacaan iyadoo la isticmaalayo tamarta ugu yar ee suurtogalka ah. Ka dib oo dhan, qofna ma rabo in qalabkooda la xiro ka dib saacado yar oo la isticmaalo. Jawaabtu waa in la yareeyo wax kasta oo la yarayn karo oo lagu tuujiyo qaybo badan oo suurtogal ah oog yar. Natiijadu waa awoodda wax-soo-saarka oo sarreeya iyo isticmaalka tamarta hoose. Taasi waa sida saxda ah waxa uu bixiyo System on Chip^{(System on a Chip)} .

Waa kuwee qaybaha caadiga ah ee SoC ?

Nidaamka Chip ku yaal^{(System on a Chip)} wuxuu yeelan karaa walxo kala duwan, iyadoo ku xiran ujeeddada. Si kastaba ha noqotee, maadaama inta badan SoC^(SoCs) -yada loo isticmaalo taleefannada casriga ah, halkan waxaa ah liiska qaybaha ugu badan ee aaladahaas:

• CPU - Unugga habaynta dhexe^{(Central Processing Unit)} ama processor-ku waa ubucda shay kasta oo ku jira SoC . Waa qaybta SoC -da ka mas'uulka ah samaynta xisaabinta iyo go'aamada ugu badan. Waxay ka heshaa talooyinka qaybaha qalabka kale iyo software waxayna bixisaa jawaabaha wax soo saarka ee habboon. CPU la'aanteed , ma jirayso SoC^(SoC) . Inta badan CPU-yada maanta waxay leeyihiin laba, afar ama sideed koor oo gudaha ah, si ay u awoodaan inay sameeyaan habayn isbarbar socda.
• GPU - waa mid gaaban oo loogu talagalay Unugga Habaynta Garaafyada^{(Graphical Processing Unit)} waxaana sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa chip-ka muuqaalka. GPU - gu wuxuu mas'uul ka yahay ciyaaraha 3D ee aad ku ciyaari karto taleefankaaga casriga ah iyo sidoo kale isbeddelka muuqaalka wanaagsan ee aad ku aragto is-dhexgalka isticmaale ee aalad kasta oo isticmaalaya SoC .
• ^{(RAM )}Xusuusta ^(Memory)RAM - Dhammaan aaladaha xisaabinta waxay u baahan yihiin xusuusta si ay u shaqeyso. Si loo awoodo socodsiinta apps iyo xogta software waa in la isticmaalaa, si loo awoodo taas, System ku jira Chip^{(System on a Chip)} waa inuu lahaadaa xusuusta RAM.
• Xusuusta ROM-^{(ROM memory)} ka – sida qalabku ugu baahan yahay xusuusta RAM-^{(RAM memory)} ka si uu awood ugu yeesho socodsiinta apps-ka iyo software-yada kale, waa inuu sidoo kale lahaadaa xusuusta ROM-^{(ROM memory)} ka si uu u kaydiyo software-ka sida firmware-ka ama nidaamka hawlgalka ee uu ku shaqeeyo.
• Modem - ma jiro taleefan casriga ah haddii uusan awoodin inuu ku xiro shabakadaha raadiyaha. Taasna, waxaan tixraacaynaa labadaba shabakadaha wireless-ka iyo shabakadaha 3G ama 4G. Modem-yadu waxay daryeelaan isku xirka shabakada ama gacanta.

Waa kuwan sawirka waxa qaybaha Nidaamka ku jira Chip ee^{(System on a Chip)} loo yaqaan ' Snapdragon 410 ' ee Qualcomm ay ku jiraan:

Ka sokow processor-ka iyo xusuusta, SoC^(SoCs) -yada kale , sida kuwa laga helo marin-hawleedyada wireless-ka iyo aaladaha kale ee isku-xidhka la midka ah, waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan interfaces PCIe oo loogu talagalay inay ku xidhaan transceivers raadiyaha, SATA iyo / ama interfaces USB si ay ugu xidhmaan aaladaha kaydinta. Sawirka hoose waxaad ku arki kartaa waxa laga helay gudaha BCM5862X SoC ee Broadcom . Oo haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad wax badan ka ogaato nidaamyada router-ka ee Chips-ka^{(Systems on Chips)} , halkan waxaa ku yaal qaar ka mid ah akhrinta dheeraadka ah ee mowduuca: Router SoC 101 .

Xigasho: ^(Source:) Tom's Hardware

Liiska qaybaha aan ku taxnay cutubyada kore waxay muujinayaan oo kaliya dhowr xudun u ah, waa in ay lahaadaan, xubno ka mid ah Nidaamka Chip^{(System on a Chip)} . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Nidaamyada Chips-^{(Systems on Chips)} ka ayaa sidoo kale yeelan kara qaybo kale. Tusaale ahaan, qaar badan ayaa leh qaybo loogu talagalay inay ku shaqeeyaan adeegyada goobta, dareemayaasha, amniga, ama is-dhexgalka awooda inay ku shaqeeyaan kamarado ka wanaagsan ama shaashado waaweyn. Liiska ayaa socda.

Waa kuwee kuwa ugu waaweyn ee soo saara SoC-yada mobilada iyo keebaa^(SoCs) ugu fiican SoC maanta?

Soosaarayaasha ugu waaweyn ee SoC maanta waa Qualcomm, Samsung, MediaTek, Huawei , NVIDIA, iyo Broadcom . Qualcomm, NVIDIA, iyo MediaTek waxay soo saaraan oo ay inta badan ^(MediaTek)SoC^(SoCs) -yada mobilada ka iibiyaan shirkadaha qalabka kale ee u isticmaala aaladaha ay soo saaraan. Broadcom waxay samaysaa SoC^(SoCs) -yada inta badan loo isticmaalo router-yada iyo aaladaha isku xidhka, Samsung iyo Huawei - na kaliya maaha inay sameeyaan SoC-yada^(SoCs) laakiin sidoo kale waa labada shirkadood ee casriga ah ee ugu waaweyn adduunka.

Si aad u sheegto nidaamka ugu fiican ee Chip^{(System on a Chip)} waa wax aan macquul ahayn. Warshadaha ayaa si degdeg ah u koraya oo u kobcaya si dhakhso ah, marka aad isbarbardhigi karto oo aad go'aan ka gaari karto SoC -ga ugu fiican , mid cusub ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ku socdo habka loo isticmaalo qalabka mustaqbalka.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, maskaxda ku hay in SoC -ga ugu fiican ^{(the best )}adiga^{( for you)} laga yaabo inaysan noqon midka leh processor-ka ugu fiican ama wareejinta wireless-ka ugu dhaqsaha badan. Nidaamka ku yaal Chip^{(System on a Chip)} -ka adiga ayaa ah midka ka dhigi kara taleefankaaga casriga ah ama qalabkaaga xiga inuu si fiican u shaqeeyo, ku bixiyo dhammaan waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee aad u baahan tahay, oo ay ku jiraan dhammaan "xarumaha" aad rabto (taageerada 4G LTE , WiFi oo taageeraya heerka 802.11ac isku xirka USB , iwm.).

Waa kan muuqaal xiisa leh oo ku tusaya sida ay soo-saareyaasha taleefannada casriga ah u doortaan nidaamka saxda ah ee Chip^{(System on a Chip)} -ka mid kasta oo ka mid ah taleefannadooda casriga ah:

Waa maxay faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha SoC ?

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad weli la yaabto: muxuu qof u doonayaa inuu naqshadeeyo, soo saaro oo ku iibiyo Nidaam ku yaal Chip^{(System on a Chip)} ? Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo taas:

• SoC inta badan waa mid yar oo^{(tiny )} meel badan kuma qaado gudaha aaladda elegtarooniga ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa xalka ugu fiican aaladaha yar yar sida taleefannada casriga ah, tablet-yada, ama kuwa la xidho, tusaale ahaan. Saddexdan tusaale oo keliya, ayaa ku filan inay adduunka ka buuxiyaan boqollaal bilyan oo doollar.
• Marka ay tahay inaad naqshadayso qalab weyn oo ku habboon calaacalahaaga sida ugu fiican, is-dhexgalka^{(integration )} waa shay aad rabto. Taas macnaheedu waa in aad ku dhejin karto processor, chip graphic, modem iyo qaybo kale oo badan oo isku mid ah hal inch square ah.
• Sababtoo ah SoC -gu wuu yar yahay sababtoo ah wuxuu isku daraa qaybo badan oo kala duwan oo hal chip ah, waxay la macno tahay in soo-saareheedu uusan ku bixin waqti, lacag iyo kheyraad si ay u xiraan qaybaha muhiimka ah ee jirka iyo abuurista wareegyo dhaadheer, taas oo macnaheedu yahay wax soo saarka hoose . kharashka^{(lower manufacturing costs)} .
• Nidaamyada Chip^{(Systems on a Chip)} -ka ayaa aad uga awood badan nidaamka leh qaybo gaar ah, sida kombuyutarka desktop ama laptop-ka tusaale ahaan. SoC waxay ku shaqayn^(SoC) kartaa baytariyada wakhti dheer, taas oo ka dhigaysa doorasho sax ah qalab kasta oo mobile ah.

Dhanka kale, Nidaamyada Chips-^{(Systems on Chips)} ka ayaa leh khasaare weyn oo ah inaan la qabsan karin gabi ahaanba. Dabeecad ahaan, SoCs aad bay isugu xidhan yihiin oo aad bay u yar yihiin oo aanay la qabsan karin ama, si kale loo dhigo, lama cusboonaysiin karo. Nidaamka Chip-^{(System on a Chip)} ku waxa uu u dhintaa si la mid ah sidii uu ku dhashay: ma jiro wax isbeddel ah inta uu nool yahay. Taasina sidoo kale waa sababta haddii ay wax ku jabaan SoC , ma hagaajin kartid ama ma beddeli kartid qaybtaas oo keliya - waa inaad beddeshaa SoC oo dhan .

Miyaad ogolaatay in Nidaamyada ^(Systems)Chips - ka ay yihiin mustaqbalka qalabka elektiroonigga ah?

Hababka dhaqameed ee qalabka elektaroonigga ah iyo gaar ahaan aaladaha xisaabinta waxay ku saabsan yihiin abuurista habab ku shaqeeya qaybo gaar ah oo madaxbannaan. Tusaalooyinka noocaan ah waa kombuyuutar iyo laptops tusaale ahaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, yaraynta joogtada ah ee dhammaan waxyaalaha nagu xeeran waxay ka dhigan tahay inay si isa soo taraysa ugu tiirsan yihiin nidaamyada yaryar, ka wanaagsan, awoodda badan ee Chips^{(Systems on Chips)} . Taleefannada casriga ah, tablet-yada, kuwa la xidho, cadaabta xataa aaladaha IoT ( Internet of Things ) waxay caddeeyaan in Nidaamyada Chips-ka^{(Systems on Chips)}waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah mustaqbalka dhammaan qalabka elektaroonigga ah. Laakiin taasi miyay ka dhigan tahay inay la wareegi doonaan adduunka? Ka waran haddii ay aad u yaraadaan oo ay nanorobots ka dhigi doonaan wax caadi ah? Waxaan rabnaa inaan war kaa maqalno, markaa ha ka waaban inaad la wadaagto fikradahaaga faallooyinka hoose.

Simple questions: What is a SoC (System on a Chip)?

We bet that most people who have a good knowledge of technology have hеard the term SoC or System on a Chip. It wasn't much of a thing 20 years ago, or at least it was not something as widely used as it is today, but in the present day, the System on a Chip represents an approach to making electronic devices smaller, more powerful and more energy efficient than ever before. That's all nice and easy but do you know what a Soc is? What does SoC or System on a Chip mean? Why is it such an important thing for smartphones, tablets, wireless routers, wearables and other mobile devices? If you want to learn more about what SoC means, what it does, and why it's such a big deal, read this article, and you'll find some answers:

What is a SoC (System on a Chip)?

SoC is the short term for System on a Chip. A System on a Chip is an electronic integrated circuit that contains various electronic components designed to work together to achieve a common goal. The first part of the term - System - says that it's all about a complex electronic assembly, while the last part - Chip - tells you that all the components of that system are squeezed together on a single integrated circuit.

To get a better idea of what a System on a Chip is, imagine it as a full computer that's miniaturized and compressed to fit on a single chip. For instance, a SoC could be compared to a miniature system that has a motherboard, a processor, a graphics card, a network card and so on. To get a better picture, look below this paragraph, and you'll see what an Exynos 4 Quad (4412) System on a Chip looks like, on a circuit board from a Samsung Galaxy S III smartphone.

Source: Wikipedia.

What are the common uses of SoCs?

Systems on Chips are widely used in many industries for all kinds of purposes such as for smartphones, tablets, wearables, digital cameras, wireless routers and so on. However, probably their most common uses today are for powering smartphones. If you're wondering why, keep in mind that both smartphones and tablets are small devices that need a lot of processing power to work and they all need to meet users' requirements, which are increasingly more demanding.

Here's just how complex the Qualcomm's Snapdragon 600 System on a Chip is - a SoC that was used in the old Samsung Galaxy S4 smartphone. Newer phones are even more complicated and have SoCs that are even more miniaturized.

Source: Wikipedia

For instance, people want to be able to use their smartphones to browse the internet, listen to music, watch videos, use GPS navigation, shoot photos and film videos, play games, be always connected to social networks, and so on. All these are things that need not only a good processor, but also a good graphic chip, a fast wireless and Bluetooth chip, support for connecting to 4G networks, a GPS chip and the list can go on. And all that must happen with the least power consumption possible. After all, nobody wants their devices to shut down after very few hours of use. The answer is to miniaturize everything that can be miniaturized and squeeze as many components as possible on a smaller surface. The consequence is a higher processing power and a lower power consumption. That is exactly what a System on a Chip offers.

Which are the usual components of a SoC?

A System on a Chip can have a variety of elements, depending on its purpose. However, as the overwhelming majority of SoCs are used on smartphones, here's a list of the most common components of such devices:

• CPU - the Central Processing Unit or the processor is the core of all things inside a SoC. It's the part of the SoC that's responsible for making most calculations and decisions. It receives input from other hardware components and software and delivers appropriate output responses. Without a CPU, there would be no SoC. Most CPUs today have two, four or eight cores inside, to be able to do parallel processing.
• GPU - is short for Graphical Processing Unit and it's also known as the video chip. The GPU is responsible for those 3D games you can play on your smartphone and also for the neat visual transitions that you see in the user interface of any device using a SoC.
• RAM Memory - all computing devices need memory to work. For being able to run apps and software data must be used, and to be able to do that, a System on a Chip must have RAM memory.
• ROM memory - just as a device needs RAM memory to be able to run apps and other software, it must also have ROM memory to be able to store software like the firmware or the operating system that it runs.
• Modem - no smartphone would be a phone if it weren't able to connect to radio networks. And by that, we refer to both wireless networks and to 3G or 4G mobile networks. Modems take care of network or cellular connectivity.

Here's an illustration of what components the System on a Chip called Snapdragon 410 from Qualcomm includes:

Besides a processor and memory, other SoCs, like the ones found on wireless routers and other similar networking devices, might also include PCIe interfaces designed to connect the radio transceivers, SATA and/or USB interfaces to connect to storage devices. In the illustration below you can see what's found inside a BCM5862X SoC from Broadcom. And if you're curious to know more about routers Systems on Chips, here's some further reading on the subject: Router SoC 101.

Source: Tom's Hardware

The list of components that we've listed in the paragraphs above shows only a few core, must-have, elements of a System on a Chip. However, Systems on Chips can have other parts as well. For instance, many have components designed to work with location services, sensors, security, or interfaces capable of working with better cameras or larger screens. The list goes on.

Which are the largest manufacturers of mobile SoCs and which is the best SoC today?

The largest SoC manufacturers today are Qualcomm, Samsung, MediaTek, Huawei, NVIDIA, and Broadcom. Qualcomm, NVIDIA, and MediaTek manufacture and sell mostly mobile SoCs to other hardware companies which use them in the devices they produce. Broadcom makes SoCs that are mainly used in routers and networking devices, and Samsung and Huawei not only make SoCs but they are also two of the largest smartphones companies in the world.

To say which is the best System on a Chip is impossible. The industry is growing and evolving so rapidly that, by the time you could compare and decide on which is the best SoC, a new one would probably be on its way to power future devices.

However, keep in mind that the best SoC for you might not be the one with the best processor or the fastest wireless transfers. The System on a Chip for you is the one that can make your next smartphone or device work well, offer all the basics you need, and include all the "peripherals" you want (4G LTE support, WiFi with support for the 802.11ac standard, USB connectivity, etc.).

Here's an interesting video that shows you how smartphone manufacturers choose the right System on a Chip for each of their smartphones:

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a SoC?

You might wonder still: why would somebody want to design, manufacture and sell a System on a Chip? There are quite a few reasons for that:

• A SoC is usually tiny and doesn't take a lot of space inside an electronic device, which makes it a perfect solution for small devices like smartphones, tablets, or wearables, for instance. And these three examples only, are enough to fill the world with hundreds of billions of dollars.
• When you have to design a device that's large enough to fit in your palm at best, integration is a thing you want. That means that you can put a processor, a graphic chip, a modem and many other components in the same square inch.
• Because a SoC is small and because it integrates many different parts on a single chip, it means that its manufacturer doesn't have to spend time, money and resources on wiring significant physical parts and creating long circuits, which in its turn means lower manufacturing costs.
• Systems on a Chip are a lot more power efficient than a system with dedicated, separate components like a desktop PC or a laptop for instance. A SoC can run on batteries for longer times, which makes it a right choice for any mobile device.

On the other hand, Systems on Chips have the big disadvantage of not being adaptable at all. By their nature, SoCs are so tightly integrated and so small that they cannot adapt or, in other words, they cannot be upgraded. A System on a Chip will usually die the same as it was born: nothing changes during its lifetime. And that's also a reason for why if something breaks inside a SoC, you cannot repair or change only that part - you have to replace the whole SoC.

Do you agree that Systems on Chips are the future of electronics?

Traditional approaches to electronics and especially computing devices were about creating systems that run on separate, independent parts. Such examples are computers and laptops for instance. However, the permanent miniaturization of all things around us means that they are relying increasingly more on smaller, better, more power efficient Systems on Chips. Smartphones, tablets, wearables, hell even the IoT (Internet of Things) devices prove that Systems on Chips are an important part of the future of all electronics. But does that mean that they will be taking over the world? What if they will become so small that they will make nanorobots a common thing? We want to hear from you, so don't hesitate to share your opinions in the comments below.

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