Tignoolajiyada USB waxay jirtay in ka badan 20 sano hadda. Waanu la qabsanay oo waanu u qaadanayna wax gaar ah uma hayno. In kasta oo ay suurtogal tahay in aan waligaa la isticmaalin aaladda USB ama in lagu xidho xidhiidhiyaha USB ee dekedda ^(USB)USB , waxaa suurtogal ah in aanad runtii garanayn waxa USB macnihiisu yahay, iyo waxa farsamadani qabato. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad maqashay ereyo soo gaabinta ah sida USB Type C laakiin taasi aad bay u badan tahay. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku sharixi doonaa waxa USB uu yahay, waxaan ku siin doonaa xoogaa taariikh ah oo ku saabsan heerkan oo aan wadaagno farqiga u dhexeeya noocyada kala duwan ee dekedaha sida USB Type C , Micro USB, USB 3.0 iyo wixii la mid ah. Aan bilowno:

Maxay USB u taagan tahay?

USB waxay u taagan tahay Universal Serial Bus , waxayna u taagan tahay heerka warshadaha^{(industry standard)} ee fiilooyinka, xirayaasha iyo borotokoolka isgaarsiinta, ee loo isticmaalo isku xirka, isgaarsiinta, iyo korontada ee ka dhexeysa aaladaha xisaabinta ee kala duwan. Waxa isticmaala qalabyo kala duwan oo aad u tiro badan, kuwaas oo isugu jira kiiboodhka iyo mouse-ka caadiga ah ilaa kamaradaha, daabacayaasha, sawir-qaadayaasha, flash-yada, hard drive-yada dibadda, telefoonnada casriga ah, tablet-yada, TV-yada^(TVs) iyo wixii la mid ah.

Universal Serial Bus waa isku xirka plug-iyo-play, taasoo la macno ah in aad ku xiri karto qalab ku xiran USB-ga kombayutarka^(USB) , kombiyutarku wuxuu si toos ah u ogaan karaa oo rakibayaa qalabka, inkastoo mararka qaarkood ay tahay inaad bixiso. darawalada lagama maarmaanka u ah nidaamkaaga hawlgalka. Si ay u noqoto hab isgaadhsiineed, USB waxa uu u gudbin karaa xogta iyo ka wareejinta aaladaha uu ku xidho, sida kombayutarkaga ilaa kiiboodhkaga iyo dhinaca kale.

USB waxa kale oo uu awood siin karaa qalabka. Habkani waa mid ka mid ah sifooyinkeeda ugu faa'iidada badan sababtoo ah waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaadan kaliya ka dhigin in qalabkaaga ay ku wada xiriiraan iyaga, laakiin sidoo kale waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad awood u yeelato ama aad ku dalacdo baytariyada qalabkaaga. Tusaale ahaan, inta badan dariiqyada adag ee dibadda ee aan isticmaalno maanta, waxaa si gaar ah loogu shaqeeyaa dekadahooda USB , iyada oo aan la isticmaalin adapters koronto oo kala duwan. Sidoo kale, talefannada casriga ahi waxay leeyihiin deked USB ah oo loo isticmaalo isu-gudbinta xogta iyo ku dallacaadda baytarigooda labadaba.

Taariikh aad u kooban ee heerka USB

Universal Serial Bus , ama USB - ga oo kooban, waxaa nakhshadeeyay 1996, oo ay sameeyeen dhowr shirkadood oo muhiim ah: Compaq , DEC , IBM , Intel , Microsoft , NEC , iyo Nortel .

Kahor inta aan la ikhtiraacin USB-ga^(USB) , kombuyuutarada waxay ku xiri jireen qalabyada ku hareeraysan sida Keyboard-ka, Jiirarka, Printer-ka, Sawir-qaadayaasha, Kamaradaha iyo wixii la mid ah, iyaga oo adeegsan jiray noocyada kala duwan ee dekedaha iyo isku xirka. Tusaale ahaan, ka hor intaan la qaadan USB , kiiboodhka iyo jiirarka ayaa inta badan ku xiran xirayaasha PS/2 ama iyadoo la isticmaalayo dekedo taxane ah. Madbacadaha iyo iskaanka ayaa inta badan ku xidhan dekedaha isbar-barya. Oo haddii aad ahayd gamer waagaas, waxaad sidoo kale u baahday deked ciyaar haddii aad rabto inaad ku ciyaarto kombuyuutarkaaga ciyaaraha adigoo isticmaalaya joystick ama gamepad. Kaliya^(Just) ka fiirso tusaalooyinka sawirka hoose:

Dekedihii ugu horreeyay ee USB ma aysan awood u lahayn wareejinta xawaaraha sare leh, iyo soosaarayaasha qalabka wax soo saara ma aysan aqbalin is-dhexgalkan isla bilawgii. Laakiin, dhowr sano ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee la sameeyay, USB interface waxaa dib u eegis ku sameeyay shirkadihii abuuray, waxayna sameeyeen USB version 2.0, oo aad u dheereeya. Sababtaas awgeed, ka dib sannadkii 2000, dekedda USB waxay aragtay ballaarin ballaaran oo hadda waxaa laga helaa dhammaan noocyada qalabka. Tan iyo markaas, USB wuxuu noqday habka ugu muhiimsan ee isku xirka aaladaha iyo wareejinta xogta dhexdooda.

Noocyada USB^(USB) iyo xawliga wareejinta xogta

Tan iyo markii ugu horreysay ee la soo saaray, interface-ka USB wuxuu ku sii waday inuu si degdeg ah u sii socdo dib u eegis kasta. Halkan waxaa ah dib u eegista ama noocyada USB :

1. USB 1.0 iyo USB 1.1 - waxay ahaayeen dib-u-eegistii ugu horreysay ee interface USB, oo la sii daayay 1996 iyo 1998 siday u kala horreeyaan, waxayna awood u lahaayeen wareejinta xogta ilaa 1.5 Mbps, siday u kala horreeyaan 12 Mbps. Waqtigaas markii la sameeyay, USB 1.0 waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaanay Low Speed ​​USB , halka USB 1.1 loo yaqaan Fast Speed ​​USB .

2. USB 2.0 - sidoo kale loo yaqaan Hi-Speed ​​​​USB , ayaa la sii daayay Abriil 2000 waxayna taageertaa xawaaraha gudbinta xogta aragtida ugu badan ee ilaa 480 Mbps. Xaqiiqda, wax-soo-saarka ugu waxtarka badan wuxuu ku xaddidan yahay 280 Mbps ama 35 MB/s. USB 2.0 waa gadaal la jaan qaada USB 1.0^{(USB 1.0)} iyo USB 1.1 , taasoo la macno ah in aad isticmaali karto qalab duug ah oo leh dekedaha USB 1.x si aad ugu xidhato aaladaha cusub ee leh dekedaha USB 2.0 .

3. USB 3.0 - wuxuu soo noolaaday Noofambar 2008 waxaana sidoo kale loo yaqaan SuperSpeed ​​​​USB . Waxay taageeri kartaa xawaaraha gudbinta xogta aragti ahaan ilaa 5 Gbps, laakiin xawaaraha nolosha dhabta ah ee aad ku heli karto waa agagaarka 3.2 Gbps ama 400 MB/s.

4. USB 3.1 - waxa la sii daayay July 2013 waxaana sidoo kale loo yaqaan SuperSpeed+ USB . Waxay awood u leedahay wareejinta xogta aragtida ee 10 Gbps, labanlaab ka USB 3.0 . Xaqiiqda, xawaaraha wareejinta ugu badan ee la heli karo waa 7.2 Gbps ama 900 MB/s.

Sideen ku kala soocaa dekedaha USB 3.x iyo dekedaha USB 2.0 ?

Si loo kala saaro dekedaha USB 3.x ee ^{(USB 3.x)}USB 2.0 ama USB 1.x , dekedaha USB 3.x badanaa waa midab buluug ah. Noocyadii hore ee USB - USB 2.0 iyo USB 1.x - badanaa waxay ahaayeen kuwo madow.

Xigasho: ^(Source:)Wikipedia

Noocyada isku xirka USB-ga iyo dekedaha

Waxa jira noocyo badan oo ah dekedaha iyo xidhidhka USB , inta aynaan ku tusin kuwa ugu badan, aynu marka hore aragno waxa ay ku kala duwan yihiin xidhiidhiyaha USB - ga^(USB) .

• Xidhiidhiyaha USB waa dhamaadka fiilada USB ee ku xiran dekedda USB .
• Dekadda USB-ga^(USB) waa meel ku taal kombayutarkaaga ama aaladda aad ku xidhayso xidhiidhiyaha USB .

Waa kuwan isku xirka USB-ga^(USB) ugu caansan :

• USB Type A - waa nooca ugu badan ee xiriiriyaha USB iyo dekedda. Dekadda noocaan ah waxaa laga yaabaa in laga helo inta badan kombiyuutarada iyo laptop-yada. Xidhiidhiyuhu waa weyn yahay oo baaxad weyn, laga helay dhammaadka fiilada USB-ga oo aad ku xidhi doonto kombiyuutarkaaga. Nooca USB-ga A^{(USB Type A)} wuxuu si wadajir ah ula soo muuqday USB Nooca B^{(USB Type B)} , markii ugu horreysay ee qeexida USB la sii daayay, 1996.

• USB Type B - malaha isku xirka USB-ga ugu weyn ee halkaas ka jira, USB-ga nooca B^{(USB Type B)} waa qaab laba jibaaran, oo leh laba garoon oo yaryar oo ku yaal laba geesood. Xidhiidhiyaha USB Type B waxaa guud ahaan loo adeegsadaa dhamaadka fiilada USB ee ku xirta daabacahaaga, iskaanka, iyo aaladaha kale ee waaweyn.

• Mini USB - waa noocyo yaryar oo ah isku xirka USB Type A iyo USB Type B. Waxaa la soo bandhigay sanadkii 2000. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Xidhiidhiyayaasha USB Mini^{(Mini USB)} ayaa ah kuwa aad dhif u ah maalmahan, maadaama ay noqdeen kuwo duugoobay xirayaasha cusub ee Micro USB .

• Micro USB - xitaa way ka yar yihiin isku xidhayaasha USB Mini^{(Mini USB)} waana kuwa loogu isticmaalka badan yahay USB-ga maanta, gaar ahaan taleefannada casriga ah iyo kamaradaha. Waxaa la soo bandhigay 2007dii.

• USB Type C - waa nooca ugu cusub ee xiriiriyaha USB, oo la sii daayay 2014, waxaana lagu gartaa seddex shay: waa yar yahay, waa la rogi karaa, waxaana guud ahaan loo adeegsadaa dekadaha USB 3.1 . Xidhiidhiyaha USB Type C waxa la sameeyay qiyaastii isla markii USB 3.1 la sii daayay, markaa qaladka caadiga ah ee dadku waxay u qaataan in USB 3.1 iyo USB Type C ay isku mid yihiin. Xaqiiqda, maahan, sida USB 3.1 uu yahay borotokoolka USB, halka USB Type C uu yahay qeexid xiriiriye. Inkastoo aysan aad u badneyn, qalabka qaar ayaa isticmaali kara USB Type CXidhiidhiyayaasha laakiin kaliya waxay taageeraan USB 2.0. Dhammaan waxyaalaha la tixgeliyo, mustaqbalka waa wax walba oo ku saabsan USB 3.1 iyo USB Type C , markaa waa inaad filaysaa qalabyo badan oo ku habboon oo lagu soo bandhigay suuqa.

Xigasho: ^(Source:)Wikipedia

Gabagabo

Hadda waxaad haysataa fikrad cad waxa USB u taagan yahay iyo sababta ay faa'iido u leedahay. Sidoo kale, waad ogtahay sida heerkani u horumaray wakhti ka dib iyo faraqa u dhexeeya noocyada badan ee isku xirka USB . Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah ka qabto mawduucan, ha ka waaban inaad waydiiso adigoo isticmaalaya foomka faallooyinka ee hoose.

Simple questions: What is USB (Universal Serial Bus)?

The USB technology has been around for more than 20 years now. We've become so used to it that we take it for granted and we don't consider it special. Although it's almost impossiblе to have never usеd a UЅB device or to haνe plugged a USB conneсtor into a USB port, іt poѕѕible thаt you don't really know what USB means, and what this technology doеs. You might have heard some acronyms like USB Type C but that's pretty much it. In this article, we will explain what USB is, give you a bit of history about this standard and share the differences between the different types of ports like USB Type C, Micro USB, USB 3.0 and so on. Let's get started:

What does USB stand for?

USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, and it represents an industry standard for cables, connectors and communications protocols, used for the connection, communication, and power supply between various computing devices. It is used by a very large variety of devices, ranging from the common keyboard and mouse to cameras, printers, scanners, flash drives, external hard drives, smartphones, tablets, TVs and so on.

The Universal Serial Bus is a plug-and-play interface, meaning that you can connect a device that has a USB port to your computer, and the computer will be able to automatically detect and install the device, although sometimes you will have to provide the necessary drivers for your operating system. In order to act as a means of communication, USB can transfer data to and from the devices it connects, like from your computer to your keyboard and the other way around.

USB can also supply power to devices. This feature is one of its most useful traits because it allows you not only to make your devices communicate between them, but it also lets you power them or charges the batteries in your devices. For instance, most of the external hard drives we use today, are powered exclusively via their USB ports, without using separate power adapters. Also, smartphones have a USB port that's used both for data transfers and for charging their batteries.

A very brief history of the USB standard

The Universal Serial Bus, or USB in short, was designed in 1996, by several key companies: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, and Nortel.

Before USB was invented, computers used to connect to peripherals like keyboards, mice, printers, scanners, cameras and so on, by using various types of ports and connections. For instance, before USB was adopted, keyboards and mice usually connected via PS/2 connectors or by using serial ports. Printers and scanners usually connected via parallel ports. And if you were a gamer back in those days, you also needed a game port if you wanted to play games on your computer using a joystick or a gamepad. Just take a look at the examples from the picture below:

The first USB ports were not capable of high-speed transfers, and hardware manufacturers did not embrace this interface right from the start. But, a few years after it was first developed, the USB interface was revised by the companies that created it, and they made USB version 2.0, which was a lot faster. Because of that, after the year 2000, the USB port saw a massive expansion and it is now found on all kinds of devices. Since then, USB has become the main way of connecting devices and transferring data between them.

USB versions and data transfer speeds

Since it was first developed, the USB interface kept on getting faster with each revision. Here are the main revisions or versions of USB:

1. USB 1.0 and USB 1.1- were the first iterations of the USB interface, released in 1996 and 1998 respectively, and they were capable of data transfers of up to 1.5 Mbps, respectively 12 Mbps. At the time when they were developed, USB 1.0 was also known as Low Speed USB, while the USB 1.1 was known as Fast Speed USB.

2. USB 2.0 - also known as Hi-Speed USB, was released in April 2000 and it supports maximum theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 480 Mbps. In reality, the maximum effective throughput is limited to 280 Mbps or 35 MB/s. USB 2.0 is backward compatible with USB 1.0 and USB 1.1, meaning that you can use old devices with USB 1.x ports to connect to newer devices that have USB 2.0 ports.

3. USB 3.0 - came to life in November 2008 and it is also known as SuperSpeed USB. It can support theoretical data transfer speeds of up to 5 Gbps, but the real-life speeds you can get on it are around 3.2 Gbps or 400 MB/s.

4. USB 3.1 - was released in July 2013 and is also known as SuperSpeed+ USB. It is capable of theoretical data transfers of 10 Gbps, double that of USB 3.0. In reality, the maximum achievable transfer speed is of 7.2 Gbps or 900 MB/s.

How do I differentiate between USB 3.x ports and USB 2.0 ports?

To differentiate USB 3.x ports from USB 2.0or USB 1.x ports, the USB 3.x ports are usually colored blue. The previous versions of USB - USB 2.0and USB 1.x - were usually painted black.

Source:Wikipedia

Types of USB connectors and ports

There are many types of USB ports and connectors, and before we show you the most common, let's see first what's the difference between a USB port and a USB connector:

• A USB connector is the end of a USB cable that connects to a USB port.
• A USB port is a location on your computer or device into which you plug a USB connector.

Here are the most common USB connectors:

• USB Type A - is the most common type of USB connector and port. This type of port is probably found on the majority of computers and laptops. The connector is large and bulky, found at the end of the USB cable that you will plug into your computer. This USB Type A appeared together with USB Type B, when the first USB specification was released, in 1996.

• USB Type B - probably the largest USB connector out there, the USB Type B is square shaped, with two small bevels on two of its corners. The USB Type B connector is generally used at the end of the USB cable that plugs into your printer, scanner, and other large devices.

• Mini USB - are smaller versions of the USB Type Aand USB Type B connectors. They were introduced in 2000. However, Mini USB connectors are very rare these days, as they became outdated by the newer Micro USB connectors.

• Micro USB - are even smaller than Mini USB connectors and are the most widely used USB connectors today, especially on smartphones and cameras. They were introduced in 2007.

• USB Type C - is the newest version of a USB connector, released in 2014, and it's characterized by three things: it's small, it's reversible, and it's generally used for USB 3.1 ports. The USB Type C connector was created roughly at the same time when the USB 3.1 was released, hence the common mistake people make to assume that USB 3.1 and USB Type C are one and the same. In reality, they're not, as USB 3.1 is a USB protocol, while the USB Type C is a connector specification. Although it's not very common, some devices can use USB Type C connectors but only support USB 2.0. All things considered, the future is all about USB 3.1 and USB Type C, so you should expect more compatible devices being launched on the market.

Source:Wikipedia

Conclusion

Now you have a clearer idea of what USB stands for and why it's useful. Also, you know how this standard has evolved over time and the differences between the many types of USB connectors. If you have any questions about this subject, don't hesitate to ask using the comments form below.

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