Tignoolajiyada baytarigu^(Battery) waxay soo martay waddo dheer sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Aaladaha sida kuwa aan duuliyaha lahayn^(drones) iyo talefannada casriga ah waxay ahaan lahaayeen kuwo aan hirgalayn haddii aanay jirin tignoolajiyada casriga ah ee baytariyada. 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baytariyadu had iyo jeer way fiicnaan karaan! 

Baytariyada adag ee gobolka waxay u muuqdaan inay yihiin horumarka weyn ee soo socda iyo alaabooyinka isticmaala waxay ku dhow yihiin geeska. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay hadda waa waqtigii ugu fiicnaa ee aad naftaada ku baran lahayd waxay yihiin iyo sababta ay muhiimka u yihiin.

Waa maxay macnaha "Dawlad Adag"?

Haddi ay tahay baytariga gaadhiga aashitada rasaasta, alkalinka la tuuri karo, ama baytariyada lithium polymer^{(lithium polymer batteries)} ee talefanka, dhamaantood waxa ay adeegsadaan dareere elektrolyt ah. Electrolyt-ku waa walax-qaade isku xidha labada terminal ee batteriga. Electrons-ku waxay dhex maraan elektrolytka, taasoo u oggolaanaysa baytarigu inuu koronto koronto ama uu soo daayo.

Baytariga adag ee gobolka waxa uu isticmaalaa electrolyte adag, halkii uu ka isticmaali lahaa dareeraha caadiga ah. Taasi waa farqiga aasaasiga ah ee u dhexeeya labada tignoolajiyada batteriga. Waxay u egtahay mid fudud oo ku filan, laakiin injineerada iyo saynisyahannadu waxay la halgamayeen tobanaan sano si ay ula yimaadaan walxo adag oo u dhaqmi kara sida elektrolytka.

Maxaa Ku Adag^(Hard) Baytariyada Gobolka Adag ?^{(Solid State)}

Various materials, such as ceramics and lithium metals, offer potential as solid state electrolytes. The problem is that the ceramic approach has resulted in poor battery performance. Lithium metals are promising, but have a fatal flaw. As the battery is charged and discharged, metal “dendrites” grow through the electrolyte. The battery can short-circuit and turn into a hazard.

Finding practical and economically viable solutions to these issues has been the mission of several companies and research teams over the past few years. Now that work is about to pay off. 

Why go through all this trouble? Let’s look at the benefits that solid state batteries promise over traditional ones.

Safety

Baytariyadu waxa ay kaydiyaan xaddi badan oo tamar ah mar walbana waxa jirta khatar ah in tamartan lagu sii daayo si aan la xakamayn karin. Marka taasi dhacdo, waxay macnaheedu noqon kartaa dab, qaraxyo iyo natiijooyin kale oo aan la rabin. Baytariyada adag ee gobolka, iyada oo loo maleynayo in arrinta dendrite la xalliyey, waxay ballanqaadayaan inay ammaan iyo xasilloon yihiin. Mid ka mid ah, maaha kuwo guban kara, markaa dabka batariga waa inuu noqdaa wax la soo dhaafay.

Tani muhiim maaha oo kaliya baabuurta korontada ku shaqeysa sida baabuurta iyo diyaaradaha aan duuliyaha lahayn, laakiin sidoo kale muhiim uma aha qalabka elegtarooniga ee gaarka ah sida casriga iyo laptop-yada. Dad badan ayaa sannad walba ku dhaawacma dab ka kaca batariyada qalabkooda elegtarooniga ah. Aqalo dhan ayaa gubtay taas darteed!

Xawaaraha dib u dalacsiinta

Baytariyada lithium-ka casriga ah waxay ku dallaci karaan xawaare cajiib ah^{(charge at impressive speeds)} , laakiin wali wakhti dheer ayay qaadanayaan inay buuxiyaan. Waxa jira xad inta tamar ah oo aad ku shubi karto batari dhaqameedka lithium-ion ka hor inta aanay dhinacna u socon. Baytariyada adag ee gobolka waxa ay ballan qaadayaan in ay ku dallaci doonaan in ka badan lix jeer ka dhaqso badan baytariyada aan hadda isticmaalno. Taas macneheedu waxa weeye in aad ku dallaci karto telefoonkaaga adigoo faaruq ah oo aad buuxinayso shan daqiiqo gudahood ama charging an electric car to 80% in 15 .

Awoodda Tamarta iyo Cabirka

Beteriyada lithium^(Lithium) ion waxay hadda leeyihiin cufnaanta tamarta ugu sareysa ee nooc kasta oo baytari ah oo laga iibiyo dadweynaha. Haddana weli marar badan ayay cufan ka yar tahay shidaalka. Halka baytariyada adag ee gobolka aanay keenin baytari la siman gaasta, waxa ay ballan qaadaysaa in ka badan labanlaab cufnaanta tamarta mug kasta. 

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, haddii aad bedesho batteriga taleefankaaga adiga oo isticmaalaya qaab xaalad adag, aragti ahaan waxa uu socon karaa laba jeer in ka badan iyada oo aan la kordhinayn cabbirka. Tani waa meel kale oo weyn oo lagu iibiyo baabuurta korontada, kuwaas oo aan caan ahayn sida ay noqon karaan, taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay welwelka kala duwan.

Cimriga iyo Waarta

Inta badan baytariyada lithium ion hadda waxay bilaabaan inay hoos u dhacaan ka dib ilaa 500 oo wareeg oo buuxo oo soo dayn ah. Halkaa ka dib batarigu wuxuu bilaabaa inuu lumiyo awoodiisa^{(battery begins to lose its capacity)} ilaa uu si dhib yar u xajin karo gabi ahaanba. Taleefannada casriga ah, oo hadda u muuqda inay leeyihiin baytariyaal xidhan, tani waxay xaddidaysaa cimriga aaladda. Beteriyada adag ee gobolka ayaa ballan qaadaya inay si weyn u kordhinayaan xadkaas. Ilaa shan jeer. 

Markaa, halka batteriga talefanka caadiga ah ee maalinlaha ah laga yaabo inuu bilaabo inuu hoos u dhaco laba ilaa saddex sano ka dib, baytari adag oo adag wuxuu ku sugnaan doonaa awoodiisa la qiimeeyay ilaa shan iyo toban sano^{(fifteen years)} . Baabuurta korantada, halka beddelka baytariyadu aad qaali u yihiin, taasi waxay saamayn wayn ku yeelan kartaa qiimaha lahaanshaha ee fasalkan baabuurta. 

Daciifnimada Battery Gobolka Adag

Haddi waxaas oo dhami ay aad ugu fiican yihiin inay run noqoto, waxa jira dhawr hadood oo tignoolajiyada. Qaar ka mid ah kuwan ayaa weli u baahan in la xalliyo ka hor inta aan la gaarin qaadashada baahsan ee tignoolajiyada baytari adag.

• Kharashku^{(Cost )} malaha waa cadawga ugu wayn. Kooxaha cilmi-baarista^(Research) iyo shirkadaha bilawga ah waxay si adag uga shaqeynayaan samaynta habka wax soo saarka ee baytariyadan mid ka jaban oo la miisaami karo. Shirkadaha qaarkood waxay sheeganayaan inay isku dhow yihiin, laakiin ma ogaan doono sida ay ugu guuleysteen ilaa aan aragno qiimaha dhabta ah ee alaabta leh baytariyadan.

• baytariyadani sidoo kale waxay la halgamayaan heerkul hooseeya^{(struggle at low temperatures)} . Sidaa darteed, xalalka ku lug leh dahaarka iyaga ama ku haynta heerkul hawlgal oo wanaagsan ayaa qayb ka ah caqabada.

Goorma ayaad iibsan kartaa baytariyada Gobolka Adag^{(Solid State)} ?

Waxaa jira dhowr shirkadood sida Solid Power iyo QuantumScape , kuwaas oo sheeganaya inay ku jiraan barxadda codsiyada batteriga adag ee gobolka. 

Toyota waxa ay qorshaynaysaa in ay haysato baabuurta korantada ee baytari dawladeed adag oo iib ah horaanta 2021 . Awoodda adag^{(Solid Power)} iyo QuantumScape labaduba^{(QuantumScape)} waxay hiigsanayaan soo saarista baytariyada baabuurta 2022 iyo 2024 siday u kala horreeyaan. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in labada sano ee soo socda aan ku saxnaan karno bilawga kacaanka batteriga. 

Taasi waa ka hor inta aynaan xitaa gelin fursadaha ka imanaya isticmaalka graphene. Qalabkan la yaabka leh ayaa ballanqaadaya xitaa baytariyada ka sii wanaagsan, haddii ay leeyihiin dareere ama electrolytes adag. Helitaanka graphene si uu kubbadda u ciyaaro ayaa saynisyahannada iyo injineerada ka carareen in ka badan intii la filayay, laakiin waxaad hadda ka hor iibsan kartaa kaydka tamarta graphene ee isku-dhafan^{(hybrid graphene powerbank)} . Runtii^(Truly) , mustaqbalku waa kan.

What Are Solid State Batteries and Why Are They Important?

Βattery technology has comе a long waу over the years. Gadgets like drones and smartphones would be impractical without advanced modern battery technology. 

However, batteries could always be better! 

Solid state batteries seem to be the next big advancement and products that use them are around the corner. This means now is the perfect time to familiarize yourself with what they are and why they’re important.

What Does “Solid State” Mean?

Whether it’s a lead acid car battery, alkaline disposables, or lithium polymer batteries in a phone, they all use a liquid electrolyte. The electrolyte is a conductive substance that connects the two internal terminals of the battery. Electrons flow through the electrolyte, allowing the battery to either build up an electrical charge or to discharge it.

A solid state battery uses a solid electrolyte, instead of the traditional liquid electrolyte. That’s the only fundamental difference between the two battery technologies. It sounds simple enough, but engineers and scientists have been struggling for decades to come up with a solid material that can act as an electrolyte.

What’s Hard About Solid State Batteries?

Various materials, such as ceramics and lithium metals, offer potential as solid state electrolytes. The problem is that the ceramic approach has resulted in poor battery performance. Lithium metals are promising, but have a fatal flaw. As the battery is charged and discharged, metal “dendrites” grow through the electrolyte. The battery can short-circuit and turn into a hazard.

Finding practical and economically viable solutions to these issues has been the mission of several companies and research teams over the past few years. Now that work is about to pay off. 

Why go through all this trouble? Let’s look at the benefits that solid state batteries promise over traditional ones.

Safety

Batteries store large amounts of energy and there’s always a danger that this energy can be released in an uncontrolled way. When that happens, it can mean fire, explosions and other unwanted outcomes. Solid state batteries, assuming the dendrite issue is resolved, promise to be safer and more stable. For one thing, they aren’t flammable, so battery fires should be a thing of the past.

This is not only important for electric vehicles such as cars and drones, but also for personal electronics such as smartphones and laptops. Many people are injured every year by battery fires in their electronic gadgets. Entire houses have been burned to the ground as a result!

Recharge Speed

Modern lithium batteries can charge at impressive speeds, but they still take a long time to fill up. There’s a limit to how much energy you can pour into a traditional lithium ion battery before it all goes sideways. Solid state batteries promise to charge as much as six times faster than the batteries we currently use. That means charging up your phone from empty to full in five minutes or charging an electric car to 80% in 15.

Energy Capacity and Size

Lithium ion batteries currently have the highest energy density of any battery type sold to the public. Yet it’s still many times less dense than gasoline. While solid state batteries don’t bring batteries up to par with gas, it does promise to more than double the energy density per volume. 

In other words, if you changed the battery in your phone using a solid state model, it could theoretically run twice as long without increasing in size. This is yet another big selling point for electric vehicles, which aren’t as popular as they could be, thanks to range anxiety.

Lifespan and Durability

Most current lithium ion batteries start to degrade after about 500 full charge-discharge cycles. After that point the battery begins to lose its capacity until it can barely hold a charge at all. In smartphones, which now tend to have sealed batteries, this puts a hard limit on device lifespan. Solid state batteries promise to greatly increase that limit. As much as five times. 

So, where a typical daily-use phone battery might start to degrade after two to three years, a solid state battery would remain at its rated capacity for up to fifteen years. In electric cars, where the replacement of batteries is extremely costly, that could have a dramatic effect on the cost of ownership for this class of vehicles. 

Solid State Battery Weaknesses

If this all sounds too good to be true, there are a few caveats to the technology. Some of these still need to be solved before widespread adoption of solid state battery technology is achieved.

• Cost is perhaps the greatest foe. Research teams and startup companies are working hard on making the production process for these batteries cheaper and scalable. Some companies claim to be close, but we won’t know how successful they’ve been until we see the actual prices on products with these batteries.

• These batteries also struggle at low temperatures. Therefore, solutions that involve insulating them or keeping them at a good operational temperature are part of the challenge.

When Can You Buy Solid State Batteries?

There are a few companies like Solid Power and QuantumScape, which claim to be at the cusp of commercial solid state battery applications. 

Toyota plans to have solid state battery electric vehicles for sale as early as 2021. Both Solid Power and QuantumScape are aiming for a rollout of batteries for vehicles in 2022 and 2024 respectively.  This means that in the next couple of years we could be right at the start of a battery revolution. 

That’s before we even get into the possibilities that come from using graphene. This wonder material promises even better batteries, whether they have liquid or solid electrolytes in them. Getting graphene to play ball has eluded scientists and engineers for longer than expected, but you can already buy a hybrid graphene powerbank right now. Truly, the future is here.

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