Marka aad qaabaynayso Hard Drive-ka, mid ka mid ah xulashooyinka aad samayn karto waa inta ay le'eg tahay qaybta qoondaynta. Dadka intooda badan waxay kaliya uga tagaan qiimaha caadiga ah ee lagu taliyay oo ay sii wataan noloshooda. 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, miyaad la yaabtay saamaynta ay ku yeelanayso beddelka cabbirka tiradaas? Lambarka caadiga ah ma ugu fiican baahiyahaaga? Aynu eegno cabbirka cutubka qoondaynta ayaa kuugu fiican. Runtii way ka dhib yar tahay sidaad u malaynayso!

Koorso Shil ah oo ku yaal Foomamka Darawalka

Ka hor inta aynaan u gudbin cutubyada qoondaynta gaar ahaan, waxaan u baahanahay inaan si kooban u taabanno qaababka wadista^{(drive formats)} . Marka darawalku uu yahay mid aan habaysanayn, booska wadista jirku waa sida goob banaan oo kale. Marka aad qaabayso wadadu waxa ay u habaysanaysaa ciwaanno, sidii haddii goobtaas ballaadhani ee bannaanayd la isugu daray dhul yar.

Qaabab kala duwan ayaa leh habab kala duwan oo ay ku habeeyaan booska bannaan, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin iyo xumaantiisa, laakiin taasi waa sheeko maqaal kale.

Waa maxay Baaxadda Qaybta Qoondaynta?

Haddii qaabaynta darawalku ay la mid tahay beddelidda garoon bannaan oo loo beddelo meelo yaryar, markaa qaybta qoondaynta waxay noqonaysaa mid ka mid ah meelahaas. Waxa mararka qaarkood sidoo kale loo tixraacaa cabbirka "kutlada". Qaybta qoondaynta waa xogta ugu yar ee darawalku kaydin karo.

Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in xitaa haddii hal fayl uu ka yar yahay cabbirka cutubka qoondaynta, wuxuu weli qaadan doonaa dhammaan shayga. Meel kasta oo bannaan oo jirka ah oo soo hartay waa la luminayaa.

Sidee Lagu Go'aamiyaa Qaybinta Hore ee Unugyada^{(Default Allocation Units Size Determined)} ?

Cabbirka unugga qoondaynta ee ugu wanaagsan wuxuu ku xiran yahay dhowr arrimood. Laga bilaabo cabbirka wadarta wadista ilaa nidaamka hawlgalka gaarka ah ee aad isticmaalayso. Cabbirka cutubyada qoondaynta waa in la doortaa si ay u jirto dheelitirnaan wanaagsan oo u dhexeeya waxqabadka wadista iyo isticmaalka meel bannaan oo hufan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noocyada faylasha ee lagu kaydiyo nidaamka wadista waxa laga yaabaa inay aad uga duwan yihiin kuwa wadista oo kaliya loo isticmaali doono in lagu kaydiyo faylasha warbaahinta, tusaale ahaan.

Kadibna waxaan haynaa arinta darawalada adag ee gobolka^{(solid state drives)} , kuwaas oo aan la kulmin wax qabad lumin marka feylku dhaco. Jajabku sidoo kale waa qayb ka mid ah shaqada cabbirka qoondaynta. Markaa cabbirka qoondaynta caadiga ah ee lagu siiyo marka aad qaabaynayso darawalku waa cabbir ujeedo guud ah oo ay tahay inay u shaqeyso dadka intooda badan, inta badan.

Waa maxay Saamaynta ay ku leedahay Cabbirka Unugga Qoondaynta ^{(Allocation Unit Size)}Waxqabadka^{(Performance)} ?

Cabbirka cutubka qoondaynta^(Allocation) ayaa saamayn ku leh waxqabadka wadista. Gaar ahaan mashiinka adag ee qalabka. Asal ahaan^(Basically) , inta weyn ee aad sameyso cabbirka cutubka qoondaynta, waa yaraanta tirada guud ee cutubyada qoondaynta. Tani waxay macno samaynaysaa sababtoo ah "shirqoolladaada" ee hantida maguurtada ah ayaa ka weyn. Markaa marka kombuyuutarku ay tahay inuu eego goobta xogtaada, buugga ciwaanka aad ayuu u khafiifsan yahay.

Tani waxay yaraynaysaa "waqtiga raadinta" wadista. Taasi waa, inta ay qaadanayso in la eego goobta faylka ee miiska qoondaynta faylka ka dibna si loo galo cutubyada qoondaynta saxda ah. Mar labaad^(Again) , wadiiqooyinka farsamada tani waa dhibaato la taaban karo sababtoo ah jir ahaan waa in ay u guurto akhrinta/qorista madaxyada wadida adag una guurto meesha qaybta qoondaynta ee aad rabto in ay gasho.

Haysashada cabbirka qoondaynta oo aad u yar waxay sidoo kale u horseedi kartaa kala qaybsanaan ba'an. Taasi waa sababta oo ah fayl kasta oo ka weyn qaybta qoondaynta waxaa loo qori doonaa unugyo badan. Dhibaatadu halkan waa in cutubyada furan ay ku kala firdhi karaan dhammaan wadiiqooyinka sida faylasha la qoro oo la tirtiro wakhti ka dib.

Saamayn noocee ah ayay ku leedahay cabbirka cutubka qoondaynta ^{(Allocation Unit Size)}booska darawalnimada^{(Drive Space)} ?

Meesha la qaabeeyey ee wadista adagi way ka duwan tahay wadarta guud ee booska cayriin ee lagu xayaysiiyay baakadda. Sababta ugu weyn ee tani wax shaqo ah kuma lahan cabbirrada unugga qoondaynta. Sababtoo ah xaqiiqda nacasnimada ah ee qof kastaa ku qeexay megabyte sida 1024 kilobytes, marka laga reebo kuwa sameeyayaasha adag ee ku wareegsan 1000. Tani waa sababta oo ah xusuusta kombuyuutarka iyo kaydinta waxaa lagu qiyaasaa cutubyada binary, ma aha jajab tobanle, laakiin taasi si adag uma xirna qoondaynta. cabbirka unugga.

Sababta kale ee cabbirka dhabta ah ee faylka iyo xadiga booska uu ku qaadayo saxanku ay kala duwan yihiin waa in la sameeyo cabbirka cutubyada qoondaynta . ^(othe)Cabbirka cutubku wuxuu go'aamiyaa inta ugu yar ee booska uu faylku ku qaadi karo wadista. Markaa haddii cabbirka unuggaagu yahay 4KB, laakiin faylku yahay 2KB, waxaad ku dhammaanaysaa 2KB xogta buuxinta. Haddii fayl kasta oo ku jira darawalku uu cabbirkiisu ahaa 2KB oo keliya, waxaad lumin lahayd kala badh booska wadista!

Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in faylalku ay ku yimaadaan cabbir kasta. Gaar ahaan darawalada nidaamka, halkaasoo ay jiri karaan malaayiin faylal qoraal ah oo yaryar oo ay ku jiraan xogta qaabeynta, laakiin sidoo kale faylal warbaahineed oo waaweyn sida bandhigyo ama sawirro xallin sare leh.

Haddii aad ka dhigto cabbirka qoondaynta mid aad u weyn, waxaad lumin doontaa meel bannaan maadaama unugyo badani ay qayb ahaan buuxaan. Iyaga ka dhig kuwo aad u yaryar oo aad ku dhamaato faylasha la qaybiyay qaybo badan oo kala duwan. Inkasta oo darawallada adag ee casriga ahi ay aad u weyn yihiin in walaaca ku saabsan meelaynta qaybta qoondaynta faylka ee luntay dhab ahaantii dhib dambe ma aha.

Qiyaasta Qaybaha Qoondaynta ee lagu taliyay

Markaa hadda waad garanaysaa waxa unugga qoondaynta yahay, sababta uu u jiro iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay waxqabadka iyo booska marka aad beddesho. Su'aasha soo hartay ayaa ah inaad ku beddesho kumbuyuutarka casriga ah.

Jawaabta daacadda ah waxay tahay inay u badan tahay inaysan ku samaynayn farqi muuqda adiga isticmaale ahaan, kumbuyuutarka caadiga ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay muhiim tahay marka aan ka hadlayno darawallada khaaska ah ee ku jira kooxa server-ka ama diyaarinta wadista ujeedada-dhisan. Adiga, ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican ayaa badanaa ah inaad ka tagto wax kasta oo nidaamkaaga qalliinku yiraahdo waa inuu ahaado mid caadi ah.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inay jiraan waxyaabo ka reeban. Tusaale ahaan, aynu nidhaahno waxaad haysataa USB-ga^(USB) mishiinka dibadda kaas oo loo isticmaali doono oo keliya in lagu kaydiyo faylalka warbaahinta waaweyn. Haddii aad ogtahay in ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan faylashaada darawalkaasi ay ka weynaan doonaan cabbirka unugga qoondaynta ee ugu weyn, uma baahnid inaad ka walwasho meel bannaan. Kor u qaadida cabbirka cutubka ilaa cabbirka ugu weyn ee ka yar faylka caadiga ah ee wadistaas ayaa kuu oggolaan doona inaad ku raaxaysato waqtiyo raadin degdeg ah.

Aan isku dayno dhacdo kale. Waxaad haysataa ultrabook ama netbook leh SSD yar oo ah darawalkeeda ugu weyn. Wax sida unug 16GB ama 32GB ah. Meesha^(Space) aad bay u cidhiidhi tahay, marka adigoo cabbirka qaybta qoondaynta ka dhigaya mid yar, waxaad hoos u dhigi kartaa meel bannaan. Maadaama ay SSD tahay run ahaantii dhib ma laha haddii xogtu ku kala qaybsan^(fragmented) tahay dariiqa, sababtoo ah ma jiro wax akhrin/qorid madax ah. Helitaanka^(Access) waa isla markiiba.

Casiirka miyuu mudan yahay in la tuujiyo?

Dhanka nambarada adag, kuma sheegi karno cabbirka unugga qoondaynta ee u shaqayn doona 100% ujeedadaas. Haddii aadan haysan waqti ama fursad aad ku tijaabiso, markaa waxa laga yaabaa inaad sidoo kale raacdo sida caadiga ah. 

Waayo, NTFS Windows wadayaasha tiradaasi waa 4096 bytes. Taas oo Microsoft^{(Which Microsoft)} u tixgeliso cabbirka ujeeddada guud ee ugu fiican ee isticmaalayaasha caadiga ah. Beddelka sida caadiga ah waa in la sameeyaa oo keliya haddii aad ogtahay inay ka dhigi doonto kiiskaaga isticmaalka gaarka ah.

What Allocation Unit Size Is Best for Drive Formatting

When you format a hard drive, one of the choiсes yoυ can make is what size the allоcation unit is. Most people just leave it on the recommended default vаlue and get on with thеir lives. 

However, have you wondered what effect changing that size of that number will have? Is the default number best for your needs? Let’s look at which allocation unit size is best for you. It’s actually less complicated than you think!

A Crash Course on Drive Formats

Before we get to allocation units specifically, we need to briefly touch upon drive formats. When a drive is unformatted, the physical drive space is like a wide open field. When you format the drive it gets organized into addresses, as if that wide open field got parceled into little plots of land.

Different formats have different systems for arranging the available space, each with their own pros and cons, but that’s a story for another article.

What Is Allocation Unit Size?

If formatting a drive is like converting an open field into smaller plots of land, then the allocation unit would be one of those plots. It’s sometimes also referred to as the “cluster” size. The allocation unit is the smallest bit of data that a drive can store.

This means that even if a single file is smaller than the allocation unit size, it will still take up the entire thing. Any remaining physical space is therefore wasted.

How Is the Default Allocation Units Size Determined?

Which allocation unit size is best depends on a number of factors. From the total size of the drive to the specific operating system that you’re using. The allocation units size has to be chosen so that there’s a good balance between drive performance and efficient space use.

However, the types of files that are stored on a system drive may be very different from those on a drive that will only be used to store media files, as one example.

Then we have the issue of solid state drives, which don’t suffer from performance loss when file fragmentation happens. Fragmentation is also in part a function of allocation size. So the default allocation size that you’re offered when formatting a drive is a general purpose size that should work for most people, most of the time.

What Effect Does Allocation Unit Size Have on Performance?

Allocation unit size does have an effect on drive performance. Especially mechanical hard drives. Basically, the bigger you make the allocation unit size, the fewer the total number of allocation units. This makes sense because your “plots” of drive real estate are larger. So when your computer has to look up the physical location of your data, the address book is much thinner.

This reduces the “seek time” of the drive. That is, how long it takes to look up the location of the file in the file allocation table and then to access the correct allocation units. Again, on mechanical drives this is a significant problem because it physically has to move the read/write heads of the hard drive to the location of the allocation unit you want it to access.

Having a very small allocation size can also lead to extreme fragmentation. That’s because any files that are larger than the allocation unit will be written to multiple units. The problem here is that open units can be scattered all across the drive as files are written and deleted over time.

What Effect Does Allocation Unit Size Have on Drive Space?

The formatted space of a hard drive is different from the total raw space advertised on the packaging. The main reason for this has nothing to do with allocation unit sizes. It’s because of the rather silly fact that everyone defines a megabyte as 1024 kilobytes, except for hard drive makers who round it to 1000. This is because computer memory and storage are measured in binary units, not decimal, but that’s not strictly related to allocation unit size.

The other reason the real size of a file and the amount of space it takes up on a disk are different has to do with the allocation units size. The unit size determines the smallest amount of space a file can take up on the drive. So if your unit size is 4KB, but the file is 2KB, you end up with 2KB of filler data. If every file on the drive was only 2KB in size, you’d waste half the drive space!

The problem is that files come in all sizes. Especially on system drives, where there may be millions of small text files that contain configuration data, but also massive media files such as presentations or high resolution photographs.

If you make the allocation size too big, you’ll waste space as many units end up partially full. Make them too small and you end up with files split across many different allocation units. Although modern hard drives are so large that concern about wasted file allocation unit space doesn’t really matter anymore.

Recommended Allocation Units Sizes

So now you know what an allocation unit is, why it exists and what effect it has on performance and space when you change it. The remaining question is whether you should change it on a modern computer.

The honest answer is that it probably won’t make a noticeable difference to you as the user, on a standard desktop computer. It may matter when we’re talking about specialized drives in a server cluster or in a purpose-built drive array. For you, the best option is usually just to leave it at whatever your operating system says the default should be.

There may be exceptions. For example, let’s say you have an external mechanical USB drive that will only be used to store large media files. If you know that virtually all of your files on that drive will be bigger than the biggest allocation unit size, you don’t have to worry about wasted space. Cranking up the unit size to the biggest size smaller than the typical file on that drive will let you enjoy faster seek times.

Let’s try another scenario. You have an ultrabook or netbook with a tiny SSD as its main drive. Something like a 16GB or 32GB unit. Space is very tight, so by making the allocation unit size small you can cut down on wasted space. Since it’s an SSD it doesn’t really matter if the data is fragmented over the drive, because there’s no read/write head. Access is instant.

Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze?

As for hard numbers, we can’t tell you which allocation unit size will work 100% for which purpose. If you don’t have the time or opportunity to experiment, then you may as well just go with the default. 

For NTFS Windows drives that number is 4096 bytes. Which Microsoft considers the best general purpose size for typical users. Changing the default should only be done if you know it’s going to make your specific use case better.

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