Dhammaanteen waxaan isticmaalnay inaan ku dirno xogta internetka^(Internet) ama shabakadaha kale ee maxaliga ah. Sida caadiga ah, xogta noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu wareejiyaa shabakada qaab bits. Guud ahaan, marka tiro badan oo xog ah lagu soo diro shabakad, waxay u nugushahay lumitaanka xogta sababtoo ah arrin shabakad ama xitaa weerar xaasidnimo ah. Xisaab hubin ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo hubiyo in xogta la helay ay tahay mid aan waxyeello lahayn oo aanay khalad iyo khasaare lahayn. Checksum wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii faraha ama aqoonsiga gaarka ah ee xogta.

Si aad tan si fiican u fahamto, tixgeli tan: Waxaan kuu soo dirayaa dambiil tufaax ah oo aan u sii marinayo qaar ka mid ah wakiilka alaabta. Hadda, maadaama wakiilka alaab-gudbintu uu yahay qolo saddexaad, kuma tiirsanaan karno xaqiiqadiisa gebi ahaanba. Markaa si aan u hubiyo in aanu cunin wax tufaax ah oo uu ku socdo oo aad hesho dhammaan tufaaxa, waan kuu yeedhay oo aan kuu sheegayaa in aan kuu soo diray 20 tufaax ah. Markaad hesho dambiisha, waxaad tirisaa tirada tufaaxa oo hubi inay tahay 20.

Tiradan tufaaxa ah waa waxa checksum ku sameeyo faylkaaga. Haddii aad u dirtay fayl aad u weyn shabakad (dhinac saddexaad) ama aad mid ka soo dejisay internetka oo aad rabto inaad hubiso in faylka si sax ah loo diray ama loo helay, waxaad codsanaysaa checksum algorithm faylkaaga la socdo. diray oo gaadhsii qiimaha qaataha. Marka la helo feylka, qaataha waxa uu adeegsan doonaa isla algorithmamka oo waafaqayaa qiimaha la helay iyo waxa aad dirtay. Haddii qiyamku iswaafaqaan, faylka si sax ah ayaa loo diray oo wax xog ahina ma lumin. Laakiin haddii qiyamku ka duwan yahay, qaataha ayaa isla markaaba ogaan doona in xogta qaar luntay ama faylka lagu xad-gudbay shabakadda. Maadaama xogtu ay noqon karto mid xasaasi ah oo muhiim noo ah, waxaa muhiim ah in la hubiyo khalad kasta oo dhacay markii la gudbinayay. Haddaba, xisaab hubintu aad bay muhiim u tahay si loo ilaaliyo xaqiiqada iyo hufnaanta xogta. Xitaa isbeddelka aadka u yar ee xogta ayaa sababa isbeddel weyn oo ku yimaadda xisaabaadka. Habmaamuuska sidaTCP/IP oo xukuma shuruucda isgaarsiinta ee intarneedka waxay kaloo isticmaashaa xisaabaadka si loo hubiyo in mar walba xogta saxda ah la keeno.

Jeegaggu asal ahaan waa algorithm adeegsada hash cryptographic. Algorithm-kan waxa lagu dabaqaa qayb ka mid ah xogta ama fayl ka hor inta aan la dirin iyo ka dib marka la helo shabakad. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareentay in lagu ag siiyay isku xirka soo dejinta si marka aad soo dejiso faylka, aad u xisaabin karto jeegaga kombayutarkaada oo aad la mid tahay qiimaha la siiyay. Ogsoonow in dhererka xisaabtu aanay ku xidhnayn cabbirka xogta balse ay ku xidhan tahay algoorithm-ka la isticmaalo. Algorithms-yada jeegaga ugu caansan ee la isticmaalo waa MD5 ( Message Digest algorithm 5), SHA1 ( Secure Hashing Algorithm 1), SHA-256 iyo SHA-512. Algorithms-yadani waxay soo saaraan 128-bit, 160-bit, 256-bit iyo 512-bit values ​​hash siday u kala horreeyaan. SHA-256 iyo SHA-512 way ka dhow yihiin oo way ka xoog badan yihiin SHA-1 iyo MD5 , kuwaas oo xaaladaha dhifka ah qaarkood ay soo saareen qiime isku mid ah laba fayl oo kala duwan. Tani waxay wiiqday ansaxnimada algoorithms-yadaas. Farsamooyinka cusubi waa caddayn khalad ah oo la isku halleyn karo. Hashing algorithm inta badan waxay u beddeshaa xogta u dhiganta laba-geesoodka ah ka dibna waxay ku qaadaa qaar ka mid ah hawlgallada aasaasiga ah sida AND , AMA, XOR , iwm oo ugu dambeyntii soo saara qiimaha hex ee xisaabinta.

Waa maxay checksum? Iyo Sida Loo Xisaabiyo Jeegaga

Habka 1:  ^{(Method 1: )}Xisaabi jeegaga^{(Calculate Checksums)} adiga oo isticmaalaya PowerShell

1.Isticmaal raadinta menu-ka bilawga ah ee Windows 10 oo ku qor PowerShell oo guji ' Windows PowerShell ' liiska.

2.Beddel ahaan, waxaad xaq u gujin kartaa bilawga oo ka dooro ' Windows PowerShell ' menu-ka.

3. Gudaha Windows PowerShell , ku socodsii amarka soo socda:

Get-FileHash yourFilePath
For example, Get-FileHash C:\Users\hp\Desktop\myfile.docx

4. Dakhliga ayaa soo bandhigi doona qiimaha xashiishka SHA-256 si caadi ah.^{( SHA-256 hash value by default.)}

5. Algorithms kale, waxaad isticmaali kartaa:

Get-FileHash yourFilePath –Algorithm MD5
Or
Get-FileHash yourFilePath –Algorithm SHA1

Waxaad hadda la jaan qaadi kartaa qiimaha la helay iyo qiimaha la bixiyay.

Habka 2: Xisaabi Checksum adigoo isticmaalaya Xisaabiyaha Checksum Online^{(Method 2: Calculate Checksum using Online Checksum Calculator)}

Waxaa jira xisaabiyayaal badan oo online ah sida 'onlinemd5.com'. Goobtan waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu xisaabiyo xisaabinta MD5 , SHA1 iyo SHA-256 ee fayl kasta iyo xataa qoraal kasta.

1. Guji badhanka ' Dooro faylka^{(Choose file)} ' oo fur faylka aad rabto.

2.Beddel ahaan, jiid oo ku rid faylkaaga sanduuqa la siiyay.

3. Dooro algorithm -ka aad rabto oo hel jeeggaga loo baahan yahay.^{( desired algorithm and obtain the required checksum.)}

4. Waxa kale oo aad ku ekaan kartaa jeegaga la helay adiga oo koobiyaynaya jeegaga la bixiyay sanduuqa qoraalka 'Compare with:'

5. Waxaad arki doontaa saxanka ama iskutallaabta oo ku ag yaal sanduuqa qoraalka si waafaqsan.

Si toos ah loogu xisaabiyo xashiishka xadhig ama qoraal:^{(To calculate the hash for a string or text directly:)}

a) Hoos ugu dhaadhac bogga ' MD5 & SHA1 Hash Generator Qoraal ahaan^{(MD5 & SHA1 Hash Generator For Text)} '

b) Ku koobi xarriiqda sanduuqa qoraalka la siiyey si aad u hesho jeeggaga loo baahan yahay.

Algorithmsyada kale, waxaad isticmaali kartaa ' https://defuse.ca/checksums.htm '. Mareegtan waxa ay ku siinaysaa liis aad u balaadhan oo ah qiyamka algorithmamka hashing ee kala duwan. Guji^(Click) 'Dooro faylka' si aad u doorato faylkaaga oo guji' Xisaabi Checksums…^{(Calculate Checksums…)} ' si aad natiijada u hesho.

Habka 3: Isticmaal MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility^{(Method 3: Use MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility)}

Marka hore, soo deji MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility^{(download the MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility)} ka dibna ku bilow adigoo laba jeer gujinaya faylka exe. Si fudud^(Simply) u baadho faylkaaga oo waxaad heli kartaa MD5 , SHA1 , SHA-256 , ama SHA-512 hash. Waxa kale oo aad koobi ka dhigi kartaa xashiishka la siiyay sanduuqa qoraalka ee khuseeya si aad si fudud ula mid noqoto qiimaha la helay.

lagu taliyay:^{(Recommended:)}

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Waxaan rajeynayaa in tillaabooyinka kore ay ku caawin lahaayeen barashada Waa maxay Checksum? Iyo Sida Loo Xisaabinayo; ^{(What is Checksum? And How to Calculate it;)}laakiin haddii aad wali wax su'aalo ah ka qabtid maqaalkan markaas xor u noqo inaad ku waydiiso qaybta faallooyinka.

What is Checksum? And How to Calculate Checksums

We аll are used to sending data over the Internet or other local networks. Typically, such data is transferred over the network in the form of bits. Generally, when tons of data is being ѕent over a network, іt is susceptible to data loss due to a network issue or even a malicious attack. A checksum is uѕed to ensure that the data received is unharmed and free of errors and losses. Checksum actѕ aѕ a fingerprint or a unique іdentifier for the datа.

To understand this better, consider this: I am sending you a basket of apples via some delivery agent. Now, since the delivery agent is a third party, we can’t rely on his authenticity entirely. So to ensure that he has not eaten any apples on his way and that you receive all the apples, I call you up and tell you that I have sent you 20 apples. On receiving the basket, you count the number of apples and check if it is 20.

This count of apples is what checksum does to your file. If you have sent a very large file over a network (third party) or you have downloaded one from the internet and you want to make sure that the file has been correctly sent or received, you apply a checksum algorithm on your file which is being sent and communicate the value to the receiver. On receiving the file, the receiver will apply the same algorithm and match the obtained value with what you have sent. If the values match, the file has been sent correctly and no data has been lost. But if the values are different, the receiver will instantly know that some data has been lost or the file has been tampered with over the network. Since the data may be highly sensitive and important to us, it is important to check any error that might have occurred while transmission. So, a checksum is very important to maintain data authenticity and integrity. Even a very small change in data causes a major change in the checksum. Protocols like TCP/IP which govern the communication rules of the internet also use the checksum to make sure that always correct data is delivered.

A checksum is basically an algorithm that uses a cryptographic hash function. This algorithm is applied over a piece of data or a file before sending and after receiving it over a network. You might have noticed that it is provided beside a download link so that when you download the file, you can calculate the checksum on your own computer and match it with the given value. Note that the length of a checksum does not depend upon the size of data but on the algorithm used. The most common checksum algorithms used are MD5 (Message Digest algorithm 5), SHA1 (Secure Hashing Algorithm 1), SHA-256 and SHA-512. These algorithms produce 128-bit, 160-bit, 256 -bit and 512-bit hash values respectively. SHA-256 and SHA-512 are more recent and stronger than SHA-1 and MD5, which in some rare cases produced the same checksum values for two different files. This compromised the validity of those algorithms. The newer techniques are error proof and more reliable. Hashing algorithm mainly converts the data to its binary equivalent and then carries some basic operations like AND, OR, XOR, etc. on it and finally extracts the hex value of the computations.

What is checksum? And How to Calculate Checksums

Method 1: Calculate Checksums using PowerShell

1.Use the search on start menu on Windows 10 and type PowerShell and click on ‘Windows PowerShell’ from the list.

2.Alternatively, you can right click on start and select ‘Windows PowerShell’ from the menu.

3.In the Windows PowerShell, run the following command:

Get-FileHash yourFilePath
For example, Get-FileHash C:\Users\hp\Desktop\myfile.docx

4.The prompt will display SHA-256 hash value by default.

5.For other algorithms, you can use:

Get-FileHash yourFilePath –Algorithm MD5
Or
Get-FileHash yourFilePath –Algorithm SHA1

You can now match the obtained value with the given value.

Method 2: Calculate Checksum using Online Checksum Calculator

There are many online checksum calculators like ‘onlinemd5.com’. This site can be used to calculate MD5, SHA1 and SHA-256 checksums for any file and even for any text.

1.Click on the ‘Choose file’ button and open your desired file.

2.Alternatively, drag and drop your file into the given box.

3.Select your desired algorithm and obtain the required checksum.

4.You can also match this obtained checksum with the given checksum by copying the given checksum into the ‘Compare with:’ textbox.

5.You will see the tick or the cross beside the text box accordingly.

To calculate the hash for a string or text directly:

a)Scroll down the page to ‘MD5 & SHA1 Hash Generator For Text’

b)Copy the string into the given text box to obtain the required checksum.

For other algorithms, you can use ‘https://defuse.ca/checksums.htm’. This site gives you an extensive list of many different hashing algorithm values. Click on ‘Choose file’ to select your file and click on ‘Calculate Checksums…’ to get the results.

Method 3: Use MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility

First, download the MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility then launch it by double-clicking on the exe file. Simply browse your file and you can obtain its MD5, SHA1, SHA-256, or SHA-512 hash. You can also copy-paste the given hash into the relevant textbox to easily match it with the obtained value.

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I hope the above steps were helpful in learning What is Checksum? And How to Calculate it; but if you still have any questions regarding this article then feel free to ask them in the comment’s section.

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