Si kombuyuutarku si hufan ugu shaqeeyo, wuxuu u baahan yahay cusbooneysiin iyo dayactir joogto ah. Mid ka mid ah qaybaha u baahan cusbooneysiin joogto ah waa darawal. Dad badan oo kombuyuutar leh ayaa laga yaabaa inay maqleen ereyga “darawal” laakiin waxa laga yaabaa inaanay aqoon kuwaas ama sida ay muhiimka ugu yihiin hawlgalka kombiyuutarka. 

Maqaalkan, waxaan kaga hadli doonaa waxa darawaladu sameeyaan, sababta aad ugu baahan tahay, iyo sida saxda ah ee loo cusbooneysiiyo, si aad u ilaaliso kombuyuutarkaaga si hufan. 

Waa maxay Darawaliinta?^{(What Are Drivers?)}

Darawalku waa koodka heerka hooseeya (barnaamijka) kaas oo fududeeya xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya qaybaha hardware ama codsiga software iyo nidaamka hawlgalka (OS). Waxay u shaqeysaa sidii turjumaan oo awood u siinaya OS-gaaga inuu weydiiyo hardware ama software inuu sameeyo waxaad rabto. 

Kumbuyuutar kastaa wuxuu leeyahay darawalo badan oo maamula codsiyada kala duwan ee rakiban iyo qaybaha hardware. Dareewal la'aan, kombuyuutarkaaga qalabkiisa iyo software-kiisa si fiican uma shaqeyn doono, mararka qaarkoodna, ma shaqeyn karaan gabi ahaanba. 

Runtii waxaa jira laba nooc oo waaweyn oo darawalada ah: darawalada aaladaha iyo darawalada software.

Darawalada Aaladaha^{(Device Drivers)}

Dareewalada qalabku waa nooc ka mid ah software-ka awood u siinaya xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya OS iyo hardware ama qalab. 

Caadi ahaan waxa abuura isla shirkaddii qalabkan samaysay. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka shirkad saddexaad ay sameyso darawal qalab, waxaa la dhisay iyadoo la raacayo heerka qalabka la daabacay.

Dhammaan wadayaasha aaladaha looma dhisin inay si toos ah ula xiriiraan aaladda lafteeda. Marmarka qaarkood, waxa jira dhawr darawal oo la dahaadhay meel la isku xidhay si ay u oggolaadaan isgaadhsiinta. Darawaladan is dulsaaran ayaa si toos ah ula xidhiidhi doona midba midka kale ama OS-ka. Darawalka sida tooska ah ula xidhiidha qalabka laftiisa ama OS-ka waxa loo yaqaan darawalka shaqada. 

Dhanka kale, darawalada u dhexeeya kuwaa waxay maamulaan isgaarsiinta qaabab kala duwan si mashiinku u fahmo amarka waxaa loo yaqaan darawallada filter. 

Qalab kala duwan ayaa u baahan darawal. Hoos^(Below) waxaa ku yaal qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan:

• Madbacadaha^(Printers)
• Sawir-qaadayaasha^(Scanners)
• Kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah
• Adabiyeyaasha fiidiyowga
• Akhristayaasha kaararka
• Kaararka codka
• Modem-yada
• Chipset-yada Motherboard-yada
• Koontaroolayaasha
• Kaararka interface Network
• Aaladaha kaydinta^{(Storages devices)} (HDD iyo SSD)

Darawalada Software-ka^{(Software Drivers)}

Darawalada softiweerku kuma xidhna qalab kasta oo hardware ah, si ka duwan wadayaasha aaladaha. Taa bedelkeeda, kuwani waa barnaamijyo u oggolaanaya codsiyada software inay la xiriiraan OS. 

Ujeeddadooda koowaad waa in ay awood u yeeshaan ama joojiyaan helitaanka xogta la ilaaliyo oo keliya ee ay heli karaan barnaamijyada ku jira qaabka kernel-ka. Tani waa sababta darawalada software ay had iyo jeer ku shaqeeyaan habka kernel. 

Fiiro gaar^(Note) ah : Habka Kernel , darawaladu waxay haystaan ​​xaddidaad la'aan ah inay galaan qalabka iyo xusuusta kombiyuutarka. Waxay soo saari kartaa tilmaan kasta oo CPU loo baahan yahay si qalabku si sax ah ugu shaqeeyo. 

Maxay Qabtaan Darawaliintu?^{(What Do Drivers Do?)}

Si aad u fahamto sida darawaladu u shaqeeyaan, ka fikir inaad isku daydo inaad ku daadiso bandhiga Netflix kumbuyuutarkaaga. Markaad fiidyaha ku ciyaarto biraawsarkaaga, arjigu wuxuu codsigaga u soo dirayaa OS-kaaga. 

Kadib, OS-gu waa inuu u soo diraa codsiyada qaybaha kale ee kombiyuutarkaaga kuwaas oo kaa caawin doona inaad fuliso amarrada si aad u daawato bandhigga. OS-gu wuxuu waydiin doonaa kaadhka shabakada inuu kaydiyo fiidyowga, u soo diro amarrada saxda ah kaadhka garaafyada si uu u soo bandhigo muuqaalka, oo uu kula xidhiidho kaadhka codka si uu ugu daaro codka fiidyaha. 

OS-gu wuxuu dhammaan codsiyadan u soo diraa darawallada la xidhiidha aaladaha loo baahan yahay, darawal kastana wuxuu ogaan doonaa sida saxda ah ee loo sameeyo. Sidaa darteed, tusaale ahaan, darawalka kaarka shabakadu wuu yaqaanaa xogta lagu wareejinayo, kaarka fiidiyowga ayaa ogaan doona waxa la soo bandhigayo, kaarka dhawaaquna wuxuu ogaan doonaa dhawaaqa lagu ciyaaro. 

Darawaladu kaliya kuma xidhiideeyaan qalabka laga helo kombayutarkaga. Waxay kaloo la shaqeeyaan mashiinada kale sida daabacayaasha iyo iskaannada. Tusaale ahaan, marka aad riixdo badhanka Daabacaadda^(Print) ee codsiga, OS-gu wuxuu u diri doonaa amarka darawalka daabacaha si uu u daabaco dukumeentiga. Dareewalku wuxuu tarjumaa amarkan si uu daabacuhu u fahmo waxaad rabto inaad sameyso. Ugu dambeyntii, daabacuhu wuxuu daabacaa dukumeentiga wuxuuna buuxinayaa codsigaaga. 

Kumbuyuutarkaaga ayaa buuxin kara dhammaan codsiyadaada iyo amaradaada sababtoo ah OS-gu wuu yaqaanaa sida loo waydiiyo aaladaha inay shaqadooda ku qabsadaan darawallada. 

Maxaad ugu baahan tahay darawallo?^{(Why Do You Need Drivers?)}

Waxaad u baahan tahay darawallo si aad u isticmaasho kombiyuutarkaaga. Sidii hore loo sheegay, darawaladu waa lagama maarmaan si kombuyuutarku ula xiriiro qalabkiisa, qalabyada kale, iyo software. Dareewalada la'aanteed, kombayutarkaagu waxba ma taraan, dhammaan qalabkiisuna ma wada shaqeeyaan. 

Maxay muhiim u tahay cusboonaysiinta darawalada?^{(Why Is Updating Drivers Important?)}

Cusbooneysiinta darawaliinta^(Driver) waxay bixin karaan waxyaabo badan, oo ay ku jiraan xirmo cusub oo amniga, sida ka ilaalinta tuugada inay kharribaan faylashaada iyo cusboonaysiinta tignoolajiyada qalabkaaga. Inta badan^(Often) , soosaarayaasha aaladaha ayaa aqoonsan doona wixii khaladaad ama cillado ah, oo loo yaqaan dhiqlaha, ka dib waxay abuuraan cusbooneysiin si wax looga qabto. 

Marka laga reebo taas, sida tignoolajiyada ay horumarayso, khaladaadka cusub iyo hanjabaadaha ayaa si joogto ah loo aqoonsadaa, cusboonaysiinta darawalku waxay u ogolaataa soosaarayaasha PC inay sii wadaan hagaajinta iyo hagaajinta isticmaaleyaasha iibsaday qalabkooda. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii cusboonaysiinta darawalku ay taageeraan qalabkaaga, uma baahnid inaad iibsato qaybo cusub xitaa haddii tignoolajiyad cusub la soo saaro. 

Haddii aad ku guul daraysato inaad cusboonaysiiso darawaladaada, waxay kuu horseedi kartaa dhibaatooyin waaweyn. Marka laga reebo maqnaanshaha sifooyinka cusub ama hagaajinta waxqabadka, qalabkaagu waxa laga yaabaa inuu u nugul yahay hanjabaadaha sida hacks ama fayrasyada oo laga yaabo inuu joojiyo inuu shaqeeyo gabi ahaanba. Intaa waxaa dheer, haddii aadan cusboonaysiin darawalka qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah kombiyuutarkaaga, sida Motherboard-ka ama kaarka fiidiyowga, kumbuyuutarkaagu wuxuu noqon karaa mid aan shaqaynayn. 

Sideen ku ogaan karaa haddii darawalku u baahan yahay in la cusboonaysiiyo?^{(How Do I Know if a Driver Needs To Be Updated?)}

Calaamadaha darawalka duugoobay way kala duwanaan karaan iyadoo ku xidhan aaladda uu ku xidhan yahay. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aanad cusboonaysiin darawalkaaga bandhiga muddo dheer, waxa laga yaabaa inay muujiso calaamadaha dib u dhaca, garaafyada blur, pixelated ama shashadaha biligleynaya. 

Motherboard-yada, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la kulanto kombuyuutarkaaga oo shil galay, si fiican uma bilaabi doono, ama nidaamku wuxuu noqon doonaa mid gaabis ah xitaa iyadoo la raacayo hawlaha aasaasiga ah. 

Haddii aad la kulanto arrin kasta oo ku saabsan kombiyuutarkaaga oo aan si dhakhso ah loo xallin karin in dib loo bilaabo, cusbooneysiinta darawalka ayaa ah xalka xiga. Inkastoo aysan ahayn jawaabta dhibaatooyinka oo dhan, waa inay had iyo jeer noqotaa qayb ka mid ah tallaabooyinka cilad-bixinta ee isticmaalayaasha kombuyuutarku ay qaban karaan. 

Si aad uga fogaato mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinkan, waxaad dejin kartaa kombiyuutarkaaga si uu si toos ah u cusbooneysiiyo darawaladiisa^{(set up your computer to automatically update its drivers)} . 

La cusboonaysiiyay oo la dayactiray^{(Updated and Maintained)}

Hadda oo aad ogtahay waxa darawaladu yihiin iyo waxa ay qabtaan, ilaalinta kombuyuutarkaaga oo la cusbooneysiiyo waxay noqon doontaa mid sahlan. Marka laga reebo taas, haddii aad la kulanto wax dhibaato ah kombiyuutarkaaga, cusbooneysiinta darawalka fudud ama cilad-bixinta ayaa xallin karta dhibaatada. 

What Are PC Drivers and Why Do You Need Them?

For а computеr to wоrk efficiently, it needs frequent updates and maintenance. One of the componеnts that requirе regular updates is a driver. Many people who own a cоmputer may have heard the term “drіver” but may be unfamiliar with these or how vital they are to the computer’s operatiоn. 

In this article, we’ll discuss what drivers do, why you need them, and how to update them correctly, so you can keep your computer working efficiently. 

What Are Drivers?

A driver is low-level code (a program) that facilitates communication between a hardware component or a software application and an operating system (OS). It acts as a translator that enables your OS to ask hardware or software to do what you want. 

Every computer has multiple drivers that control various installed applications and hardware components. Without drivers, your computer’s hardware and software will not function properly, and in some cases, they can’t function at all. 

There are really two main types of drivers: device drivers and software drivers.

Device Drivers

Device drivers are a type of software that enables communication between an OS and hardware or device. 

They are usually created by the same company that manufactured the device. However, when a third-party company makes a device driver, it is built following the published hardware standard.

Not all device drivers are built to communicate directly with the device itself. In some instances, there are several drivers layered in a stack to allow communication. These stacked drivers will communicate directly to one another or the OS. The driver that directly communicates with the device itself or the OS is called the function driver. 

Meanwhile, the drivers in between that manipulate the communication into different formats so the machine can understand the command are called filter drivers. 

Various devices require drivers. Below are some of the most common ones:

• Printers
• Scanners
• Digital cameras
• Video adapters
• Card readers
• Sound cards
• Modems
• Motherboard chipsets
• Controllers
• Network interface cards
• Storages devices (HDD and SSD)

Software Drivers

Software drivers are not associated with any hardware devices, unlike device drivers. Instead, these are programs that allow software applications to communicate with an OS. 

Their primary purpose is to enable or disable access to protected data only available to programs in kernel mode. This is why software drivers always run in kernel mode. 

Note: In Kernel mode, drivers have unrestricted access to hardware and computer memory. It can issue any CPU instruction required to make the hardware work properly. 

What Do Drivers Do?

To understand how drivers work, imagine trying to stream a Netflix show on your computer. When you play the video on your browser, the application sends your command request to your OS. 

Then, the OS must send out requests to other components of your computer that will help you execute commands so you can watch the show. The OS will ask the network card to buffer the video, send the correct commands to the graphics card to display the video, and communicate with the sound card to play the audio in the video. 

The OS sends all of these requests to the drivers associated with the required devices, and each device’s driver will know exactly what to do. So, for example, the network card driver knows what data to transfer, the video card will know what to display, and the sound card will know what sound to play. 

Drivers don’t only communicate with devices found inside your computer. They also work with other machines such as printers and scanners. For example, when you press the Print button in an application, the OS will send the command to the printer driver to print the document. The driver then translates this command so that the printer understands what you want to do. Lastly, the printer prints the document and completes your request. 

Your computer can fulfill all of your requests and commands because the OS knows how to ask the devices to do their job through drivers. 

Why Do You Need Drivers?

You need drivers so that you can use your computer. As mentioned before, drivers are necessary so that your computer can communicate with its own hardware, other devices, and software. Without the drivers, your computer would be useless, and all its hardware wouldn’t work together. 

Why Is Updating Drivers Important?

Driver updates can provide many things, including new security patches, such as keeping hackers from corrupting your files and upgrades to the technology of your device. Often, device manufacturers will identify any errors or glitches, known as bugs, then create an update to address them. 

Apart from that, as technology advances, new errors and threats are continually identified, and driver updates allow PC manufacturers to keep offering fixes and improvements to users who have purchased their devices. In addition, if driver updates support your device, you don’t need to purchase new components even if a new technology is introduced. 

If you fail to update your drivers, it can lead to bigger problems. Apart from missing out on new features or performance upgrades, your device may be susceptible to threats such as hacks or viruses and may even stop it from working at all. In addition, if you don’t update the driver of a critical component of your computer, like the motherboard or video card, your computer may become inoperable. 

How Do I Know if a Driver Needs To Be Updated?

The symptoms of an outdated driver can vary depending on which device it is associated with. For example, if you haven’t updated your display driver for an extended period, it may show symptoms of lag, blurry graphics, pixelated or blinking screens. 

For motherboards, you might experience your computer crashing, won’t start up properly, or the system will become slow even with the most basic tasks. 

If you encounter any issue with your computer that can’t be quickly resolved by restarting it, updating the driver is the next solution. While it’s not the answer to all problems, it should always be a part of the troubleshooting steps computer users can perform. 

To avoid any of these problems, you can set up your computer to automatically update its drivers. 

Updated and Maintained

Now that you know what drivers are and what they do, keeping your computer maintained and updated will be easy. Apart from that, if you encounter any problems with your computer, a simple driver update or troubleshooting may fix the problem. 

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