Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad aragtay fiidiyoow ah Nicholas Cage wajigiisa oo loo rogay jilaa kale oo wareegaya intarneedka^{(rounds on the internet)} dhawaan. Maya, ulama jeedno goos gooska filimka Face/Off . Kuwani waa muuqaallo laga soo qaaday filimaan kala duwan oo Nicholas Cage uusan si dhab ah u ciyaarin, haddana waxay u muuqdaan kuwo lagu qanci karo. Sidee bay tan u soo saareen?

Hagaag, jawaabtu maaha “sixir”, balse waa tignoolajiyada lagu naanaysi jiray “qoto dheer” oo si xun u qalqal galinaysa warshado iyo bulshooyin kala duwan.

Waa maxay "Deepfake"?

Erayga "deepfake" wuxuu ka yimid ereyga "waxbarasho qoto dheer" iyo dabcan "been abuur". Barashada qoto dheer^(Deep) waa laan gaar ah oo barashada mashiinka, taas oo mar kale qayb ka ah aagga guud ee sirdoonka macmal ah^{(Artificial Intelligence)} .

Iyada oo kororka weyn ee awoodda xisaabinta iyo habab cusub oo kombuyuutarrada loo helay si ay u farsameeyaan oo ay u falanqeeyaan tirada badan ee xogta adduunka dhabta ah, kombiyuutarradu hadda waxay si lama filaan ah u samayn karaan waxyaabo aan inteena badan weligeen malayn karin. Deepfakes waxay adeegsadaan tignoolajiyadan si ay u abuurto sawirada bini'aadamka, abuurista sawiro ama muuqaalo waxyaabo aanay dadku waligood samayn oo aanay waligood odhan. 

Sidee buu u shaqeeyaa tignoolajiyada Deepfake?

Barashada qoto dheer^(Deep) , oo kaalmaysa hababka been abuurka ah, waxay qeexaysaa adeegsiga casriga ah ee jilitaanka shabakada neerfaha ee xogta baaxadda leh. Shabaqyada neerfaha ma aha fikrad cusub ama tignoolajiyada cusub, laakiin ilaa wakhtiyada casriga ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo qurux badan.

Shabakadda neerfaha ee macmalka ah ayaa qaabaysa habka wax-barashada ee ka dhaca maskaxda noolaha, ugu yaraan ilaa xad. Marka aad barato ama si kale ula macaamisho dunida dibadda, isku xirka unugyada maskaxdaada ayaa isbeddela.

Waxay sameeyaan wareegyo iyo qaabab macquul ah, xoojinta xidhiidhada qaar iyo daciifinta kuwa kale. Markaad wax barato sida barashada wadista ama ciyaarta tennis-ka, wareegyada maskaxdu waxay noqonayaan mid degdeg ah oo hufan. Ugu dambayntii aad ayaad ugu fiican tahay shay aanad xataa ka fikirin inaad samayso.

Taasi asal ahaan waa isla shay ku dhaca nidaamka barasho qoto dheer. Waxay eegtaa tuulooyin tusaalooyin ah shay ka dibna waxay si tartiib tartiib ah ugu fiicnaan doontaa "fahamka".

In the case of deepfakes software-ku wuxuu eegayaa tusaalooyinka wejiga aad rabto inaad u gudbiso iyo sidoo kale fiidiyowga aad rabto inaad u gudbiso. Marka la helo tababar ku filan waxa ay ugu dambeyntii soo saari kartaa weji ku habboon xogta tababarka ka dibna si aan kala go 'lahayn ugu dahaaran weji kale.

Waa maxay Software- ka loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo Deepfakes?

Waxaa jira tiro codsiyo ah oo u oggolaanaya dadka inay sameeyaan been-abuur qotodheer. FakeApp wuxuu ahaa abka ugu horeeyay ee aan naqaano ee looga dan lahaa in dadka caadiga ah la siiyo talaalka samaynta nuxurka been abuurka ah. Mareegta ay hadda ka go'day iyo helista nuqul ma fududa haba yaraatee.

Sameeyayaasha qoto dheer waxay hadda u guureen codsi la yiraahdo DeepFaceLab , kaas oo lagu martigaliyay GitHub wuxuuna ka dhaliyay qulqulo aan dhammaad lahayn oo casharro ah sida Reddit .

Samaynta Deepfake

Maqaalkan looguma talagelin in uu noqdo cashar, markaa waxaanu bixin doonaa dulmar ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo been-abuurka qoto-dheer ee ficil ahaan, laakiin ma bixineyno tillaabooyin sax ah oo ku saabsan sida loo sameeyo mid laftaada ah.

Waxaa jira dhowr sababood oo tan ah, laakiin tan ugu weyn ayaa ah in sharcinimada samaynta been-abuurka qoto dheer ay tahay mid aad u kacsan. Sida aanaan ku siin doonin tillaabooyin sax ah oo kaa caawinaya budhcad-badeedda ama samaynta hawlo kale oo sharci darro ah, ma siin doono tilmaan-tallaabo tallaabo-tallaabo ah oo ku saabsan samaynta been-abuurka.

Ka sokow, abuuraha dhabta ah ee DeepFaceLab ayaa siidaayay tabobar muuqaal ah oo tallaabo tallaabo ah oo^{(step-by-step video tutorial)} loogu talagalay software-ka kaas oo qof kastaa uu raaci karo, haddii ay rabaan inay qaadaan mas'uuliyadda khatartaas.

Si aad u hesho nuxur ku saabsan sida ay walaxdani u wanaagsan tahay, eeg website-kan^{(check out this website)} oo sawir cusub oo qof aan jirin laga soo saaray marka aad dib u cusbooneysiiso bogga.

Hadafkayagu waa inaan kaa caawino inaad fahamto tignoolajiyada, maadaama ay hubaal tahay inaad aad iyo aad ula kulanto waqtigu wuu sii socdaa. Iyadoo taas la yiraahdo, kuwani waa wejiyada ballaaran ee abuurista qoto dheer ee DeepFaceLab .

Kadib markaad soo dejiso oo furto DeepFaceLab^{(DeepFaceLab)} waxaad la kulmaysaa gal ka kooban faylal kale oo badan iyo taxane taxane ah.

Waxaa jira gal loo yaqaan "workspace" oo ka kooban qaababka tababarka, il videos iyo wax soo saarka. DeepFaceLab waxay la shaqeysaa magacyo faylal gaar ah iyo goobo, si ay faylalka dufcadaha u shaqeeyaan. Tusaale ahaan, faylka isha waxaa had iyo jeer loo yaqaan "data_src" halka loo socdona waxaa lagu magacaabaa "data_dst".

Ma jiro interface interface sida dadka badankiisu u yaqaaniin. Kaliya liis ah faylal dufcadood oo nambaraysan oo matalaya talaabooyinka hawsha. Marka hore^(First) fiidyowyada isha iyo meesha ay ku socdaanba waxa loo soo saaray fayras sawir ahaan.

Kadibna dhowr tillaabo oo falanqayn ah ayaa la sameeyaa, oo ay ku xigto tababbarka ku saleysan GPU-ga, halkaas oo shabakada neerfaha ay bartaan waxa ay uga baahan yihiin wejiyada labada fiidiyow si loo dhiso moodal. Ugu dambeyntii muuqaal cusub oo isku dhafan ayaa la soo saaray.

Si xun u isticmaalka Deepfakes

Sida aan kor ku soo sheegnay, been-abuurka qoto dheer ayaa ah mid muran badan. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay jabiso sharciyada jira ee wadamada qaar sharciyo cusub ayaa ku jira shaqada si ay ula tacaalaan tignoolajiyada iyo codsigeeda.

Deepfakes waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu abuuro been abuur, sida muuqaalka madaxweynaha oo sheegaya waxyaabo waalan^{(video of a president saying crazy things)} . Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in dadka la geliyo filimaanta qaawan ee ujeeddadu tahay ama lagu dhibayo ama haddii kale loo geysto.

Sida aad u malayn karto, waxaad samayn kartaa waxyeello badan oo qoto dheer oo lagu qanci karo cawaaqibka ka dhalan kara haddii lagu qabto waxaa laga yaabaa inay aad uga sii xumaato mustaqbalka dhow.

Su'aal Wax walba

Hadda oo tignoolajiyadani ay jirto oo ay si fiican u shaqeyso, waxay la macno tahay inaan u eegno warbaahinta sida fiidiyowyada iftiin cusub oo dhan. Haddii qof uu ku faafiyo muuqaal baraha bulshada ee qof caan ah ama siyaasi ah oo sheegaya ama samaynaya shay muran dhaliyay, marka hore waa inaad waydiisaa in muuqaalku xitaa run yahay.

Inta badan been-abuurka si liidata loo sameeyo ayaa iska cad inay been abuur tahay, marka aad ogaato waxaad raadinayso oo aad aragto wax yar. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xaaladaha qaarkood xitaa isha tababaran ayaa laga yaabaa inay dhib kala kulanto inay sheegaan in nooc ka mid ah wax-ka-beddelka CG-ga uu dhacayo iyo marka tignoolajiyadu soo hagaagto waxay ugu dambeyntii noqon doontaa mid aan macquul ahayn.

What is a Deepfake and How Are They Made?

Yоu may have seen a video of Nicholas Cage’s face trаnsposed onto another character doing the rounds on the internet recently. No, we don’t mean a clip from the movie Face/Off. These are scenes from various movies in which Nicholas Cage did definitely not play, yet they look very convincing indeed. How did they pull this off?

Well, the answer isn’t “witchcraft”, but a technology that has been dubbed “deepfake” and it’s causing quite a ruckus in various industries and communities.

What is a “Deepfake”?

The word “deepfake” comes from the term “deep learning” and of course “fake”. Deep learning is a specialized branch of machine learning,  which is again part of the overall area of Artificial Intelligence.

With the dramatic rise in computing power and newly-discovered ways for computers to process and analyze massive amount of data from the real world, computers can now suddenly do things most of us could never imagine. Deepfakes apply this technology to synthesize human images, creating photos or videos of things those people never did and never said. 

How Does Deepfake Technology Work?

Deep learning, which underpins deepfake methods, describes the modern application of neural net simulation to massive data sets. Neural nets are not a new concept or technology, but until modern times they have been pretty rudimentary.

An artificial neural net simulates the learning process that happens in biological brains, at least to some extent. When you learn or otherwise deal with the outside world, the connections between your brain cells change.

They form circuits and logical structures, strengthening some connections and weakening others. As you master something, like learning to drive or play tennis, those brain circuits become fast and efficient. Eventually you are so good at something that you don’t even have to think about doing it.

That’s essentially the same thing that happens with a deep learning system. It looks at heaps of examples of something and then becomes progressively better at “understanding it”.

In the case of deepfakes the software looks at examples of the face you want to transpose as well as the video you want to transpose it to. With enough training it can eventually synthesize a face that matches the training data and then seamlessly overlay it on any other face.

What Software is Used to Make Deepfakes?

There are a number of applications that allow people to make deepfakes. FakeApp was the first app we know of aimed at giving normal people a shot at making deepfake content. The website it now defunct and finding a copy is not easy at all.

Makers of deepfakes have now largely moved on to an application called DeepFaceLab, which is hosted on GitHub and has spawned an endless stream of tutorials on places like Reddit.

Making a Deepfake

This article is not meant to be a tutorial, so we are going to provide an overview of how deepfakes are made in practice, but not provide exact steps on how to make one yourself.

There are a few reasons for this, but the main one is that the legality of making deepfakes is highly-contentious. Just as we wouldn’t provide exact steps to help you pirate software or do other illegal activities, we won’t give step-by-step instructions for making deepfakes.

Besides, the actual creator of DeepFaceLab has released a step-by-step video tutorial for the software which anyone can follow along, should they wish to take responsibility for such a risk.

To get a gist of how good this stuff has become, check out this website where a new photograph of a person who does not exist is generated when you refresh the page.

Our goal is to help you understand the technology, since you are bound to encounter it more and more as time goes by. With that being said, these are the broad phases of creating a deepfake with DeepFaceLab.

After downloading and unzipping DeepFaceLab you are faced with a folder containing many other folders and a series of batch files.

There’s a folder called “workspace” which contains the training models, the source videos and the output. DeepFaceLab works with specific file names and locations, so that the batch files can work. For example, the source file is always named “data_src” and the destination is named “data_dst”.

There is no software interface as most people know it. Just a list of numbered batch files representing the steps of the process. First the source and destination videos have their frames extracted as picture files.

Then several analysis steps are run, followed by GPU-based training, where the neural net learns what it needs about the faces in the two videos to build a model. Finally a new composite video is produced.

Misuse of Deepfakes

As we mentioned above, deepfakes are very controversial. It may violate existing laws in some countries and new laws are in the works to deal with the technology and its applications.

Deepfakes can be used to create hoaxes, such as a video of a president saying crazy things. It can be used to insert people into pornographic films with the purpose or harassing or otherwise harming them.

As you can probably imagine, you could do a lot of damage with a convincing deepfake and the consequences if you are caught may become much more severe in the near future.

Question Everything

Now that this technology exists and works as well as it does, it means we have to look at media like videos in a whole new light. If someone circulates a video on social media of a famous person or politician saying or doing something controversial, you’ll first have to ask if the video is even real.

Most poorly-done deepfakes are obviously fake, once you know what to look for and have seen a few. However, in some cases even a trained eye may have trouble telling that some sort of CG manipulation is happening and as the tech improves it will eventually become impossible.

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