Darawalada adag ee Gobolka ( SSDs ) waxay si dhakhso ah u noqonayaan kaydinta kombuyuutarka ee la door biday nidaamyada hawlgalka iyo abka. Waxaad ka heli doontaa laptop-yadii ugu dambeeyay, taleefannada, tablet-yada, iyo xitaa consoles-yada.

Iyada oo leh wax qabad aad u wanaagsan iyo adkeysi, darawaladani waxay sameynayaan fidinta dhabta ah, laakiin waa maxay dhab ahaantii SSD ? 

Sida uu u shaqeeyo Hard Disk^{(Hard Disk Drives)} -yada Dhaqanka ( HDDs ).

Si aan u fahanno waxa SSD^(SSDs) -yada kala duwan ka dhigaya, waxaan u baahanahay in aan si kooban u soo celino saacada oo aan eegno Hard Disk^{(Hard Disk Drives)} -yada caadiga ah ( HDDs ). HDD - gu waxa uu ahaa nooca caadiga ah ee wadista aad ka heli lahayd kumbiyuutarrada oo dhan ilaa dhawaan.

Gudaha HDD -ga , waxaad ka heli doontaa hal ama in ka badan oo saxannada wareega ah oo loo yaqaan "platters." Saxan kastaa wuxuu u qaybsamaa raad-raacyo iyo qaybo. Saxannada waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa aluminium ama galaas waxaana lagu dahaadhay walxo birlab ah.

Dusha sare ee saxanku waxa uu ka kooban yahay balaayiin aag gaar ah oo mid kastaaba ka dhigan yahay xog keliya. Aaggu waxa uu noqon karaa magnetized ama demagnetized, oo ka dhigan hal ama eber.

Sida saxanadaha wareegta ahi ay ku socdaan kumanaan kacdoono daqiiqaddii, madaxyo yaryar oo wax-akhris ah oo ku dheggan gacmaha lulaya waxay sabbeeyaan ballaca timaha ka sarreeya saxanadda wax akhrinta ama wax u qoraya darawalka.

Hard disks-yada waa qalab aad u dhib badan oo leh qaybo badan oo yaryar, sax ah, iyo kuwo jilicsan. Waa yaab casri ah in ay si fiican u shaqeeyaan. 

Sida uu u shaqeeyo Dawlad Adag (SSD)

SSD-yadu waxay leeyihiin wax badan oo ay wadaagaan aaladaha semiconductor sida CPUs iyo RAM marka loo eego darawalada adag. SSDs iyo HDDs labaduba waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii aaladaha kaydinta, laakiin SSD^(SSDs) -yadu waxay u shaqeeyaan si aad u kala duwan.

Gudaha SSD -ga caadiga ah , waxaad ka heli doontaa chips kombuyuutar oo keliya. Waxaa jira chip-ka kontoroolka SSD , kaas oo maamula sida iyo meesha xogta lagu kaydiyo, laakiin inta badan SSD -gu waxay ka kooban tahay chips-ka xusuusta flash-ka ah.

Xusuusta Flash^(Flash) waa xusuusta "aan kacsanayn". Xusuusta aan kacsanayn^(Volatile) , sida RAM oo kale , ma sii jirto marka korontadu damiso—xogta halkaa lagu kaydiyay way baaba'aysaa. Marka la barbardhigo, xusuusta aan isbeddelayn (sida SSD^(SSDs) -yada ama USB-ga^(USB) ), xogtaadu way sii socotaa xitaa marka korantadu dansanto. Tani waa sababta suulka USB sidoo kale loogu yeero "flash drives"!

SSD^(SSDs) -yada casriga ah (iyo inta badan USB flash drives iyo kaararka xusuusta) waxay adeegsadaan nooc ka mid ah xusuusta flash-ka ee loo yaqaanno NAND flash memory. Waxaa loogu magac daray mid ka mid ah noocyada albaabbada macquulka ah ee aad ku samayn karto microchip. Gudaha xusuusta NAND , waxaa jira "unugyo" qaban kara heerar kala duwan oo koronto ah. Markaad cabbirto heerka dallaca ee unugga xusuusta, waxaad ogaan kartaa inay u taagan tahay hal ama eber. Si aad u bedesho waxa ku jira unugga, waxa aad si fudud u bedeshaa heerka dallaca ee gudaha.

Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho kala duwan oo tignoolajiyada dhexdeeda ah oo ku dhex jira adduunka xusuusta NAND . Tusaale ahaan, waxa laga yaabaa inaad aragtay qaar ka mid ah Samsung SSD^{(Samsung SSDs)} -yada ku summaan “ V-NAND ” ama “vertical ” NAND . Halkan unugyada xusuusta ayaa si toos ah loo dulsaaray, taasoo u oggolaanaysa in lagu kaydiyo awood badan oo isla raad silikoon ah. Intel 3D NAND sidoo kale waa ka badan ama ka yar isla tignoolajiyada. 

Noocyada SSD-yada iyo Interfaces

SSD^(SSDs) -yadu waxay ku yimaadaan arrimo kala duwan oo kala duwan iyo noocyada xusuusta Flash NAND . Tani waxay go'aaminaysaa waxqabadka ugu badan ee SSD iyo sidoo kale qiimaheeda.

Noocyada xusuusta Flash

Dhammaan fiilasha NAND^(NAND) isku mid maaha cufnaanta xogta iyo waxqabadka. Waxaad ka xasuusan doontaa doodeena sare in SSDs ay u kaydiyaan xogta sida kharashyada korantada gudaha unugyada xusuusta. 

Haddii unuggu kaydiyo hal xog oo keliya, waxa loo yaqaan SLC ama xusuusta unugga hal-heer ah^{(single-level cell memory)} . MLC (unug heer-badan ah) iyo TLC (unug saddex-heer ah) xusuusta waxay kaydiyaan laba iyo saddex xabbo oo xog unug kasta, siday u kala horreeyaan. QLC (unug-heer afar-gees ah) xusuusta waxay ku qaadataa afar-bits unug kasta.

Inta badan ee xogta aad ku kaydin karto hal unug, waa inta SSD-gaagu ka jaban yahay, ama xog badan oo aad ku kaydin karto isla meel isku mid ah. Tani waxay u egtahay fikrad aad u wanaagsan, laakiin iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay sida SSD^(SSDs) -yadu u shaqeeyaan, darawaladu si dhakhso ah ayey u dhintaan marka la isticmaalayo habka kaydinta-yar ee badan. Xusuusta SLC^(SLC) waa nooca ugu waxqabadka wanaagsan uguna cimri dheer ee NAND oo leh cimri dheer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sidoo kale waa tan ugu qaalisan waxaana laga helaa kaliya darawallada ugu sarreeya.

Sidan oo kale, SSD^(SSDs) -yada macaamiisha badankoodu waxay isticmaalaan MLC ama TLC waxayna adeegsadaan habab gaar ah si ay u kordhiyaan cimrigooda waxtarka leh intii suurtogal ah. Waxaan ku dabooli doonaa arrinta xirashada SSD wax yar ka dib maqaalkan hoos yimaada faa'iido darrada tignoolajiyada.

Qodobbada Foomka SSD

SSDs waxay ku yimaadaan arrimo kala duwan. "Forum factor" waa si fudud qaabka jidheed ee qalabka iyo heerka xidhiidhka uu waafaqsan yahay. Sababtoo ah SSD^(SSDs) -yada waxaa markii hore loogu talagalay inay beddelaan HDD-yada^(HDDs) , aaladaha ugu horreeya ee loogu talagalay miisaska macaamiisha waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu dhejiyo halka ay hore u ahaan jireen darawallada adag.

Tani waa meesha 2.5-inch SATA SSD naqshadeynta ay soo gasho sawirka. Waxaad si fudud u soo saari kartaa kumbuyuutarkaaga adag ee hadda 2.5-inch oo aad ku xidhi karto mid ka mid ah SSD^(SSDs) -yadan.

SSD - ga ku dhex jira daasaddan uma baahna qolkaas oo dhan, laakiin waxa ay samaysay macno fiican maadaama laptop-yada iyo inta badan kombuyuutarrada casriga ahi ay horeba u lahaayeen 2.5-inch drives drives iyo xidhiidhiyeyaasha SATA ee Motherboard-yada. Waxa kale oo aad iibsan kartaa adapters-ka kaas oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad dhigto darawal 2.5-inji ah gudaha miiska 3.5-inch bay.

Marka laga reebo qaadashada meel aan loo baahnayn, kuwan 2.5-inji ah waxay ku koobnaayeen 600 MB/s maxaa yeelay taasi waa xadka SATA 3 interface.

Halbeegga mSATA (mini-SATA) ayaa xalliya arrinta booska. mSATA jir ahaan waxay la mid ahayd qaabka, cabbirka, iyo isku xidhaha sida heerka kaarka PCI Express Mini , laakiin labada nooc ee kaadhadhku koronto ahaan iskuma socon karaan.

Heerka m SATA ayaa hadda lagu bedelay heerka M.2. M.2 SSDs waxay noqon karaan SATA ama PCIe , taasoo ku xidhan kaarka iyo Motherboard-ka la isku daray.

Kaararka M.2 waxa kale oo ay noqon karaan kuwo laba-geesood ah oo ay ka kooban yihiin qaybaha labada dhinac, waxayna ku kala duwan yihiin dhererka. Had iyo jeer waa muhiim inaad hubiso in Motherboard-ka kumbuyuutarkaagu uu ku habboon yahay M.2 SSD ee aad rabto inaad ku isticmaasho!

NVMe SSDs waxay adeegsadaan halbeegga Memory Express ee aan Volatile ahayn , kaas oo ah sida kombiyuuterku u geli karo xusuusta SSD -ga isagoo isticmaalaya ^(SSD)PCIe -ka inta badan loo isticmaalo kaararka garaafyada. PCIe waxay leedahay baaxad baaxad weyn oo ka badan marka loo eego SATA , taasoo u oggolaanaysa xusuusta ^(SATA)SSD dhakhsaha badan inay gaadho awooddeeda buuxda.

Faa'iidooyinka SSD-yada

Waxaa jira sababo badan oo SSDs ay si degdeg ah u noqonayaan heerka tignoolajiyada kaydinta. Iyadoo qaar ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka ilka-qaadista hore ay ka saareen adduunka caadiga ah ee kombuyuutarka in muddo ah, waxay hadda marayaan meeshii aan qof walba kula talin karno. Xataa ciyaarihii ugu dambeeyay ee ciyaaraha fiidyaha ayaa^{(latest video game consoles)} hadda isticmaala SSD . Waa kuwan awoodaha muhiimka ah ee u horseeday SSDs dhanka caannimadooda hadda.

SSD-yadu waa dheereya

Wadida adag ee farsamada ugu dhaqsaha badan caalamka, Seagate Mach.2 Exos 2X14 , waxay gaari kartaa xawaaladaha xawaaladaha joogtada ah ee 524 MB/s . Taasi waxay aad ugu dhowdahay sida SATA 3 SSD , laakiin waditaanka farsamada ee caadiga ah ee aad ka heli doonto kombiyuutarada maalmahan waxay gaari kartaa meel u dhaxaysa 100 MB/s iyo 250 MB/s haddii aad eegayso suuqa ugu sarreeya. .

M.2 PCIe SSD^{(M.2 PCIe SSDs)} -yada caadiga ah , sida kuwa laga helo laptops-yada dhexe, waxay bixiyaan 2.5 ilaa 3.5 GB/s . M.2 PCIe SSDs -kii ugu dambeeyay waxay ku dhow yihiin 8 GB/s , taas oo ah xog maskaxda ku haysa. Xawaaraha^(Sequential) qorista ee xidhiidhsan ayaa inta badan ka yara gaabiya xawaaraha akhrinta, laakiin xogtu waxay ku socotaa xawaare aad u wanaagsan labada dhinac.

Kaliya maahan xawaaraha wareejinta, sidoo kale. Hard Drive-yada makaanikada ah waxay u baahan yihiin wakhti ay ku miiqayaan saxanadda iyo dhaqaajinta madaxyada wadista meeshooda. Helitaanka goobta saxda ah ee saxanka ee codsiga xogta waxaa loo yaqaan "waqti raadis". SSD^(SSDs) - yada , nambarkaas daahitaanku waa eber. 

SSD waxay isla markiiba akhrin kartaa xogta meel kasta oo ka mid ah unugyada xusuusta oo xitaa waxay u samayn kartaa isbarbar. Si kasta oo aad u jeexjeexdo, SSDs waxay ku jiraan caalam wax qabad oo ka duwan xitaa kuwa ugu wanaagsan mashiinka adag ee adag, iyada oo aan loo eegin habka aad u jarjarto.

Marka aad HDD^(HDD) -ga kombiyuutarka u cusboonaysiinayso SSD ,^(SSD) waxa aad la kulmaysaa waqtiyo bootin oo aad u dheereeya iyo hab-dhaqan aad u degdeg badan. Si fudud^(Simply) sababtoo ah CPU -gaagu waligiis kama sugin xogta kaydintaada. Waa hab fantastik ah oo lagu siin karo habkii hore ee Windows nolol cusub.

SSD-yadu waa raagayaan

SSD^(SSDs) -yadu waxay ku dhow yihiin inay u sii waaraan sida qayb kasta oo kale oo adag sida CPU ama RAM oo aan lahayn qaybo dhaqaaqa. Haddii korontadu ay dumiso mooyaane, waa inay shaqeeyaan si aan xad lahayn ama ugu yaraan ilaa inta kombuyuutarku weli waxtar kuu yahay. Xusuusta Flash^(Flash) sidoo kale aad bay ugu adkaysanaysaa waxyeelada waxyeelada leh, si ka duwan darawalada adag ee si fudud u burbura haddii ay dhacaan, gaar ahaan marka ay saxanadu wareegaan.

Waartani waxay ka dhigaysaa inay ku fiican yihiin laptops-yada, waana sababta buugaagta ultrabooks sida Apple MacBook Air , i Mac iyo xubnaha kale ee qoyska kombuyuutarka Mac ay leeyihiin ^(Mac)SSDs isku dhafan oo tayo sare leh .

" Durability " kiiskani ma tixraacayo ifafaale xirashada SSD , kaas oo aan ku hoos dabooleyno liiska faa'iido darrada hoose.

SSD-yadu kuma dhacaan tafaraaruqa^{(Suffer From Fragmentation)}

Kala qaybsanaanta xogtu^(Data) waa dhibaato dhab ah HDD^(HDDs) -yada . Waxay dhacdaa marka xog cusub lagu qoro meesha ugu horeysa ee la heli karo ee wadista. Markaa fayl la bixiyay ama xidhid faylal la xidhiidha ayaa laga yaabaa in xogtoodu ku kala firdhiso aagga saxanka ee wadista.

Tani waxay baabi'inaysaa xawaaraha akhrinta ee xidhiidhsan waxayna ku daraysaa tiro badan oo wakhti raadin ah sababtoo ah madaxyada wadista ayaa duulaya meel kasta si ay u helaan dhammaan qaybaha faylka. SSD^(SSDs) -yada , dabciga ay leeyihiin awgeed, kuma jiraan kala qaybsanaan. Ma aha in faylalka aan la kala qaybin. Kaliya maahan wax macno ah sababtoo ah ma jiraan qaybo dhaqaaqa mana jirto wakhti la raadiyo oo laga hadlo. 

Defragmenting kaliya waxay saartaa daal aan loo baahnayn darawalka. Haddii aad rabto in aad wax yar ka ogaato kala qaybsanaanta SSD , akhri Miyaad u baahan tahay inaad Defrag SSD?^{(Should You Defrag an SSD?)}

SSDs waa aamusan yihiin

Hard Drive-ku waa buuq badan yahay! Huursanaanta mootada, xiiqsan saxanka, dhawaaqa gujinta ee madaxyada waduhu hore iyo gadaal u socda - taasi waxay ahayd buuqa asalka u ah isticmaalayaasha kombayutarka tobaneeyo sano.

SSDs , si ka duwan, wax buuq ah ma sameeyaan. Tani waxay u ekaan kartaa faa'iido yar, laakiin qaybaha kombuyuutarka ee buuqa badan waa xanaaq. Xaaladaha isticmaalka qaarkood, sida kombiyuutarada loo isticmaalo duubista codka, heerarka dhawaaqa ayaa muhiim ah. Waxaa jiray darawalo adag oo qaali ah oo leh dhejisyo gaar ah iyo naqshado isku dayay inay xakameeyaan buuqa HDD , laakiin ^(HDD)SSD^(SSDs) -yada , dhibaatada si buuxda ayaa loo xaliyay.

Tani waa sababta aan hadda u yeelan karno kombiyuutar sida Apple M1 MacBook Air , kaas oo aan lahayn taageere iyo mashiin adag oo adag. Kumbiyuutarka oo dhami waa xaalad adag, sidaas darteedna wax buuq ah ma sameeyo!

SSD waa mid yar oo awood leh

SSD-yadu waxay qaataan qol ka yar HDD-yada^(HDDs) , waxayna u baahan yihiin awood aad uga yar si ay ugu shaqeeyaan. Taas macneheedu waxa weeye in aanu heli karno kombiyuutaro yaryar oo dhuuban, tablets, smartphones, iyo qalabyada kale ee elegtarooniga ah ee u baahan kaydinta degdega ah ee aan kacsanayn.

SSD s waxay gabi ahaanba aadi kartaa inay seexato marka aan la isticmaalin, iyo, si ka duwan HDD-yada^(HDDs) , waxay isla markiiba u bedeli karaan qaab wax qabad sare leh. Isku soo^(Taken) wada duuboo, isticmaalka korantada SSD ayaa si gaar ah muhiim u ah in nolosha batteriga laga helo kombiyuutarada mobilada iyo aaladaha kale ee isticmaala. Qalab koronto-mechanical ah ayaa si fudud ugu baahan tamar ka badan aaladaha gobolka adag si ay u shaqeeyaan.

SSD-yadu way is dhimi karaan cabbirrada Rakibaadda

SSDs waxay yarayn kartaa cabbirada rakibaadda codsiyada qaarkood, gaar ahaan ciyaaraha fiidiyowga^{(video games)} . Marka codsiyadu ay si degdeg ah ugu tiirsan yihiin xogta ugu qulqulaysa xusuusta, horumariyayaashu waxay ku koobi karaan macluumaadka meelo badan oo ku yaal saxanka HDD^(HDD) . Tani waxay yaraynaysaa wakhtiyada raadinta sababtoo ah madaxyada wadista waxay had iyo jeer ku dhow yihiin nuqul ka mid ah xogta ay u baahan tahay. Waa khiyaamo xariif ah, laakiin waxay ku timaadaa kharashka kaydinta.

Codsiyada loogu talagalay SSD^(SSDs) -yada uma baahna inay tan sameeyaan gabi ahaanba. Mar haddii SSD -du aanay lahayn wax daahis ah oo ay isla markiiba ka akhriyi karto xogta meel kasta oo ka mid ah wadista, hal nuqul oo xogta ah waa in uu jiraa.

Consoles sida PlayStation 5 waxay horeyba u muujiyeen inta SSDs ay yareyn karaan cabbirrada rakibidda, gaar ahaan marka lagu daro isku-buufinta, taas oo noo keenta faa'iidada xigta.

SSD-yada waa la dardargelin karaa

Haddii aad u malaysay in SSD^(SSDs) -yadu ay horeba u ahaayeen kuwo aad u dheereeya, waxaad ku dadajin kartaa darawalladan qaar ka mid ah nambarada waxqabadka xawaaraha sare leh. Waxaas oo dhan waa mahad tignoolajiyada riixitaanka Xogta waxa lagu kaydiyaa SSD -ga qaab aad loo cufay. Marka macluumaadka la codsado, waa la dhimay wakhtiga dhabta ah, iyada oo si wax ku ool ah u kordhinaysa xawaaraha wareejinta xogta cayriin ee SSD .

Waxa kaliya ee la qabto ayaa ah inaad u baahan tahay processor awood leh si aad u kala saarto, laakiin SSD^(SSDs) -yada hadda kuma jiraan processor-ka noocaas ah. Waxay soo baxday in GPU-yadu^(GPUs) ay aad ugu fiican yihiin qabashada shaqada noocan oo kale ah, sidaas darteed isticmaalka software API-yada^(APIs) ( Application Programmer Interface ) sida Microsoft's DirectStorage iyo Nvidia's RTX IO , jiilalka dhow ee GPU waxay dardar gelin karaan ma aha oo kaliya sawirada 3D laakiin sidoo kale waxqabadka SSD .

Khasaaraha SSD-yada

SSD^(SSDs) -yadu waxay leeyihiin sifooyin badan oo la jecel yahay, laakiin tignoolajiyadu ma fiicna. Qaybaha qaar ee lahaanshaha SSD aad uma wacna sidaan rabno.

SSD-yadu waa ka qaalisan yihiin

HDD s aad bay hoos ugu soo degtay qiimo waxayna kordhiyeen cadadka xogta ay ku kaydin karaan heerarka cufnaanta waalan. Natiijadu waxay tahay in gigabyte ee xogta HDD ay aad uga yar tahay xitaa flash-ka NAND ee ugu jaban.

Qiimaha SSD^(SSD) ayaa si xawli ah hoos ugu dhacay dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, laakiin dadku guud ahaan waxay weli isticmaalayaan SSD-yada yar yar ee^(SSDs) 256GB ilaa 512GB. SSD^(SSDs) -yada waxaa loogu talagalay codsiyada iyo nidaamyada hawlgalka, halka HDD-yadu^(HDDs) ay weli haystaan ​​kaydinta tirada badan ee faylasha warbaahinta ama codsiyada aan ka faa'iidaysan xawaaraha SSD .

Akhbaarta wanaagsan ayaa ah, sida dhammaan tignoolajiyada semiconductor-ka, cufnaanta transistor-ka iyo geeddi-socodka wax-soo-saarka waxay u badan tahay inay muujiyaan isbeddel jibbaaran oo horseedaya qiimo jaban iyo xaddi badan oo bannaan. Hadda, miisaaniyada badankoodu waxay ku baaqayaan isku darka kaydinta SSD iyo HDD .

SSD-yadu way dami karaan

In kasta oo SSD^(SSDs) -yadu ay aad u adkeysanayaan oo ay u adkeysan karaan ciqaab ka badan HDD-yada^(HDDs) , iyagoo sidoo kale leh nolol hawleed dheer, waxay la ildaran yihiin xirmo. Xirashada SSD^(SSD) waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah SSDs waxay u qoraan unugyada xusuusta waa wax burburiya. Mar kasta oo xoogaa loo qoro unugga xusuusta ee SSD , waxa ay luminaysaa awoodda ay ku xajin karto wax yar.

Waqti ka dib, soo noqnoqda wax u qora unugga waxay ka dhigaan mid aan shaqaynayn. SLC SSDs waxay xamili karaan qoraalada soo noqnoqda ka hor intaysan shiileynin unug la siiyay, laakiin MLC , TLC , iyo unugyada QLC ayaa aad u nugul, siday u kala horreeyaan. Macmiilaha hore ee SSD^(SSDs) -yada waxa ay u dhiman karaan si lama filaan ah dhawaan, laakiin maanta darawaladu waxay leeyihiin xeelado ay ka mid yihiin isku dheelitirnaanta xidhashada iyo bixinta xad dhaafka ah si loo kordhiyo dulqaadka qorista ee SSD .

Xirashada SSD^(SSD) waa mawduuc kakan, markaa u fiirso Wax kasta oo aad u Baahan Tahay inaad Ka Ogaato SSD Wear & Jeexdin^{(Everything You Need To Know About SSD Wear & Tear)} si ay u yeeshaan dood qotodheer.

SSD-yadu waxay yeelan karaan Qulqullo degdeg ah

Dhammaan noocyada kaydinta xogta ayaa aakhirkii yara qudhuntay. ^{(bit rot.)}Tani waxay dhacdaa marka dhexdhexaadiyaha kaydinta aad hoos u dhigto si aanay u hayn karin xogta qaab la akhriyi karo.

Warbaahinta kala duwan ayaa xoogaa qudhunto sababo kala duwan dartood, laakiin darawallada adag waxaa lagu kaydin karaa tobanaan sano iyada oo aan xoogaa qudhun dhibaato ah. SSD^(SSDs) -yada , dhanka kale, waxa suuragal ah inay lumin karaan xogtooda dhawr sano oo keliya oo kaydinta ah ka dib. Tani waxay ku dhacdaa iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay hoos u dhaca lakabka dahaadhka ee ilaalinaya kharashka unug kasta oo xusuusta ah. Haddii qaddarku soo baxo, unuggu waa faaruq oo wax xog ah kuma jiraan!

Waxay u muuqataa in waxoogaa qudhunku si dhakhso ah u dhaco haddii SSD^(SSDs) -yada lagu hayo deegaan aad u kulul, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee, malaha maaha doorashada ugu fiican ee lagu kaydiyo xogta khaanadaha meel.

Soo kabashada xogta SSD waa ay adag tahay^{(SSD Data Recovery Is Hard)} in aan macquul ahayn

Waxaa jira warshado casri ah oo lagu dhisay fanka ka soo kabashada xogta mashiinnada adag. Haddii aad haysato lacag kugu filan oo aad ku kharash gareyso, waxaad xitaa ka soo kaban kartaa xogta darawalada la burburiyay, maadaama takhasusle dhab ahaantii dib u dhisayo darawalka qaybo ka mid ah.

Heer aan caadi ahayn, waxaad dib u soo ceshan kartaa xogta si lama filaan ah loo tirtiray sababtoo ah HDD-yadu^(HDDs) ma tirtiraan xogta jirka markaad ku tirtirto Windows ama nidaamka kale ee hawlgalka. Taa beddelkeeda, aagga darawalku si fudud ayaa loo calaamadeeyay in la beddelayo. Ilaa iyo inta qoraalku aanu weli dhicin, waxaad ku soo ceshan kartaa adigoo isticmaalaya software gaar ah.

SSD-yadu^(SSDs) waxay ka dhigaan wax aan suurtagal ahayn in la soo celiyo wax haddii darawalku xumaado ama faylasha la tirtiro. Haddii HDD uu waxyeeleeyo^{(HDD is damaged)} korontadu, waxaad weli ku dhisi kartaa qalab elektaroonik ah oo cusub, laakiin maadaama SSD -gu gebi ahaanba koronto yahay, dhammaan xusuusta waa la shiilan karaa.

Sidoo kale ma caawinayso in SSDs ay leeyihiin kontaroolayaal casri ah oo wax badan ku sameeya nidaamyada xogta jireed ee nidaamyada hawlgalka ee aysan garanayn. Tusaale ahaan, taliska TRIM ee ay isticmaalaan SATA SSDs ayaa si hordhac ah u tirtira unugyada xusuusta ee loo calaamadeeyay in la tirtiro si loo dedejiyo habka qorista xog cusub. Markaa khiyaanada aan la tirtirin kuma shaqayn doonto iyaga!

Mustaqbalku Waa Dawlad Adag

In kasta oo SSDs aysan ku filnayn, waxay u taagan yihiin boodboodka waxqabadka kaydinta kaydinta taas oo awooddooda ugu dambeysa ee suuqa kaydinta ay u muuqato lama huraan. Waqti ka dib waxaan rajeyneynaa xitaa SLC SSDs inay hoos ugu dhacaan qiimaha, halka noocyada SSD ka yar ee raagaya ay xitaa noqon doonaan kuwo caqli badan marka ay timaado xaddididda xirashada. 

Tiknoolajiyada Hard^(Hard) Drive-ku waxay sidoo kale lahayd saamigeeda cadaaladda ah ee dhibaatooyinka maalmihii hore, laakiin waxaan dareemeynaa wax kasta oo arrimaha SSDs ay wali haystaan ​​in lagu xalin doono waqtiga rikoorka. 

What Is a Solid State Drive (SSD)? Plus, the Pros and Cons

Solid Ѕtate Drives (SSDs) are quickly becoming the preferred computer storage for operating systems and apps. You’ll find them in the latest laptops, phones, tablets, and even consoles.

With excellent performance and durability, these drives are making a real splash, but what exactly is an SSD? 

How Traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) Work

To grasp what makes SSDs different, we need to briefly turn back the clock and look at traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs). An HDD was the standard type of drive you’d find in virtually all computers until recently.

Inside the HDD, you’ll find one or more spinning disks called “platters.” Each platter is divided into tracks and sectors. The platters are usually made from either aluminum or glass and are coated with magnetic material.

The platter’s surface contains billions of individual areas that each represent a single bit of data. The area can be magnetized or demagnetized, representing a one or a zero.

As the spinning platters move at thousands of revolutions per minute, tiny read-write heads attached to swinging arms float a hair’s breadth above the platter reading from or writing to the drive.

Hard disk drives are incredibly complicated devices with many tiny, precise, and fragile moving parts. It’s a modern marvel that they work as well as they do. 

How a Solid State Drive (SSD) Works

SSDs have more in common with semiconductor devices like CPUs and RAM than hard disk drives. SSDs and HDDs both act as storage devices, but SSDs work in a very different way.

Inside a typical SSD, you’ll find only computer chips. There’s the SSD’s controller chip, which manages how and where data is stored, but the bulk of an SSD consists of flash memory chips.

Flash memory is “non-volatile” memory. Volatile memory, like RAM, does not persist when power is turned off—the data stored there disappears. By contrast, with non-volatile memory (like SSDs or USB drives), your data persists even when the power is turned off. This is why USB thumb drives are also referred to as “flash drives”!

Modern SSDs (and most USB flash drives and memory cards) use a type of flash memory called NAND flash memory. It’s named after one of the types of logic gates you can make in a microchip. Within NAND memory, there are “cells” that can hold different electrical charge levels. By measuring the charge level in a memory cell, you can tell whether it represents a one or a zero. To change the contents of a cell, you simply alter the level of charge inside it.

There are many different variations in the technology within the world of NAND memory. For example, you may have seen some Samsung SSDs labeled “V-NAND” or “vertical” NAND. Here the memory cells are stacked vertically, allowing for more storage capacity in the same silicon footprint. Intel’s 3D NAND is also more or less the same technology. 

Types of SSDs and Interfaces

SSDs come in a variety of form factors and NAND flash memory types. This determines the maximum performance of an SSD as well as its price.

Flash Memory Types

All NAND flash isn’t the same for data density and performance. You’ll recall from our discussion above that SSDs store data as electrical charges inside memory cells. 

If a cell only stores a single bit of data, it’s called SLC or single-level cell memory. MLC (multi-level cell) and TLC (triple-level cell) memory store two and three bits of data per cell, respectively. QLC (quad-level cell) memory takes it to four bits per cell.

The more bits of data you can store in a single cell, the cheaper your SSD can be, or the more data you can stuff into the same space. This sounds like a great idea, but thanks to how SSDs operate, drives die more quickly when using a multi-bit storage method. SLC memory is the best-performing and most durable type of NAND with a long lifespan. However, it’s also the most expensive by far and only found in high-end drives.

As such, most consumer SSDs use MLC or TLC and employ special methods to extend their useful lifespans as much as possible. We’ll cover the issue of SSD wear a little later in this article under the disadvantages of the technology.

SSD Form Factors

SSDs come in various form factors. A “form factor” is simply the physical shape of the device and what connection standard it conforms to. Because SSDs were initially designed to replace HDDs, the first devices meant for consumer desktops were intended to slot in where hard drives were before.

This is where the 2.5-inch SATA SSD design comes into the picture. You can simply take out your current 2.5-inch laptop hard drive and plug one of these SSDs in.

The SSD inside this casing doesn’t need all that room, but it made perfect sense since laptops and most modern desktops already have 2.5-inch drive bays and SATA connectors on their motherboards. You can also purchase adapters that let you place a 2.5-inch drive into a desktop’s 3.5-inch bay.

Apart from taking up unnecessary space, these 2.5-inch drives were limited to 600 MB/s since that’s the limit of the SATA 3 interface.

The mSATA (mini-SATA) standard solves the space issue. mSATA was physically the same shape, size, and connector as the PCI Express Mini card standard, but the two types of cards are electrically incompatible.

The mSATA standard has now been replaced by the M.2 standard. M.2 SSDs can be SATA or PCIe, depending on the card and the motherboard combination.

M.2 cards can also be double-sided with components on both sides, and they vary in length. It’s always important to make sure that your computer’s motherboard is compatible with the M.2 SSD you want to use with it!

NVMe SSDs use the Non-Volatile Memory Express standard, which is how the computer can access SSD memory using the PCIe that’s more commonly used for graphics cards. PCIe has much more bandwidth than SATA, allowing fast SSD memory to reach its full potential.

The Advantages of SSDs

There are many reasons why SSDs are rapidly becoming the standard in storage technology. While some early teething troubles kept them out of the mainstream computer world for a while, they are now at the point where we can recommend them to anyone. Even the latest video game consoles now use SSD. Here are the key strengths that have led SSDs towards their current popularity.

SSDs Are Fast

The fastest mechanical hard drive globally, the Seagate Mach.2 Exos 2X14, can reach sustained transfer rates of 524 MB/s. That’s very nearly as fast as a SATA 3 SSD, but the typical mechanical drive you’ll find in computers these days can achieve somewhere between 100 MB/s and 250 MB/s if you’re looking at the high-end of the market.

Typical M.2 PCIe SSDs, such as those found in mid-range laptops, offer 2.5 to 3.5 GB/s. The latest M.2 PCIe SSDs are getting close to 8 GB/s, which is a mind-boggling amount of data. Sequential write speeds are usually a little slower than read speeds, but data is flying at a tremendous pace in both directions.

It’s not just about transfer speeds, either. Mechanical hard drives need time spinning up platters and moving drive heads into place. Finding the right spot on the platter for a data request is known as “seek time”. For SSDs, that latency number is effectively zero. 

SSD can instantly read data from any location within its memory cells and even do it in parallel. No matter which way you slice it, SSDs are in a different performance universe than even the best mechanical hard drives, no matter which way you slice it.

When upgrading a computer’s HDD to an SSD, you experience much faster boot times and very snappy system responsiveness. Simply because your CPU never has to wait for data from your storage drives. It’s a fantastic way to give an old Windows system new life.

SSDs Are Durable

SSDs are about as durable as any other solid-state component such as a CPU or RAM with no moving parts. Unless a power surge destroys them, they should run indefinitely or at least as long as the computer remains useful to you. Flash memory is also very resistant to impact damage, unlike hard drives that are easily destroyed if they fall, especially while the platters are spinning.

This durability makes them perfect for laptops, and it’s why ultrabooks such as the Apple MacBook Air, iMac, and other members of the Mac computer family have high-performance integrated SSDs.

“Durability” in this case doesn’t refer to the phenomenon of SSD wear, which we’re covering under the list of disadvantages below.

SSDs Don’t Suffer From Fragmentation

Data fragmentations are a real problem on HDDs. It happens when new data is written to the first available space on the drive. So a given file or set of related files might have their data scattered all over the physical platter area of the drive.

This destroys sequential read speeds and adds a ton of seek time because the drive heads are flying all over the place to find all the parts of a file. SSDs, due to their very nature, don’t suffer from fragmentation. It’s not that files aren’t fragmented. It’s just that it doesn’t matter because there are no moving parts and no seek time to speak of. 

Defragmenting just puts unnecessary wear on the drive. If you want to know a little more about SSD fragmentation, read Should You Defrag an SSD?

SSDs are Quiet

Hard drives are noisy! The hum of the motor, the whoosh of the disk, the clicking sounds of the drive heads moving back and forth — that’s been the background noise for computer users over the decades.

SSDs, in contrast, make no noise at all. This might seem like a trivial advantage, but noisy computer components are annoying. In some use cases, such as computers used for sound recording, sound levels are critical. There have been expensive hard drives with special mountings and designs that have tried to curb HDD noise, but with SSDs, the problem is completely solved.

This is why we can now have a computer like the Apple M1 MacBook Air, which has no fans and no mechanical hard drive. The entire computer is solid-state and therefore makes no noise whatsoever!

SSD are Small and Power Efficient

SSDs take up way less room than HDDs, and they need much less power to work. That means we can have smaller and thinner computers, tablets, smartphones, and other electronic devices that require fast non-volatile storage drives.

SSDs can go almost entirely to sleep when not in use, and, unlike HDDs, they can switch to high-performance mode almost instantly. Taken as a whole, SSD power consumption is especially important to get better battery life from mobile computers and other gadgets that use them. Electromechanical devices simply need more energy than solid-state devices to operate.

SSDs Can Shrink Installation Sizes

SSDs can reduce the installation sizes of some applications, especially video games. When applications rely on data streaming into memory rapidly, the developers may duplicate information in multiple locations on the HDD platter. This cuts down on seek times because the drive heads are always close to a copy of the data it needs. It’s a clever trick, but it comes at the expense of storage space.

Applications designed for SSDs don’t need to do this at all. Since the SSD has virtually no latency and can read data from anywhere on the drive immediately, only one copy of the data must be present.

Consoles like the PlayStation 5 have already shown how much SSDs can shrink install sizes, especially combined with compression, which brings us to the next advantage.

SSDs Can Be Accelerated

If you thought that SSDs were already plenty fast, you could speed up these drives for some truly high-speed performance numbers. It’s all thanks to compression technology. The data is stored on the SSD in a heavily-compressed form. When the information is requested, it’s decompressed in real-time, effectively amplifying the raw data transfer speeds of the SSD.

The only catch is that you need a powerful processor to decompress, but SSDs currently don’t include such a processor. It turns out that GPUs are excellent at doing this type of work, so using software APIs (Application Programmer Interface) such as Microsoft’s DirectStorage and Nvidia’s RTX IO, recent generations of GPU can accelerate not just 3D graphics but SSD performance as well.

The Disadvantages of SSDs

SSDs have many desirable attributes, but the technology isn’t perfect. Some aspects of SSD ownership aren’t quite as pleasant as we’d like.

SSDs are More Expensive

HDDs have come down in price so much and have increased the amount of data they can store to insane levels of density. The result is that a gigabyte of HDD data costs much less than even the cheapest NAND flash.

SSD prices have fallen precipitously over the last few years, but folks are generally still using relatively small SSDs in the 256GB to 512GB range. SSDs are reserved for applications and operating systems, while HDDs still have mass storage for media files or applications that don’t benefit from SSD speeds.

The good news is that, like all semiconductor technology, transistor density and manufacturing processes are likely to show an exponential trend leading to lower cost and more significant amounts of space. For now, most budgets call for a mix of SSD and HDD storage.

SSDs Can Wear Out

While SSDs are very durable and can stand up to more punishment than HDDs, while also having longer operational lives, they suffer from wear. SSD wear happens because SSDs write to memory cells is destructive. Every time a bit is written to an SSD memory cell, it loses its ability to hold a charge just a little.

Over time, repeated writes to a cell make it inoperable. SLC SSDs can handle the most repeated writes before frying a given cell, but MLC, TLC, and QLC cells are more vulnerable, in that order. Early consumer SSDs could die alarmingly soon, but today drives have strategies such as wear leveling and overprovisioning to extend the write endurance of the SSD.

SSD wear is a complex topic, so have a look at Everything You Need To Know About SSD Wear & Tear for an in-depth discussion.

SSDs Can Have Rapid Bit Rot

All forms of data storage eventually succumb to bit rot. This happens when the storage medium degrades so much that it can no longer hold the data in a readable form.

Different media get bit rot for various reasons, but hard drives can be stored for decades without bit rot being a problem. SSDs, on the other hand, can potentially lose their data after only a few years of storage. This happens due to the degradation of the insulating layer that keeps the charge in each memory cell. If the amount leaks out, the cell is empty and contains no data!

It seems that bit rot happens more quickly if SSDs are kept in an environment that’s too hot, but either way, they probably aren’t the best choice for storing data in a drawer somewhere.

SSD Data Recovery Is Hard to Impossible

There’s a sophisticated industry built around the art of recovering data from mechanical hard drives. If you have enough money to spend, you can even recover data from drives that have been smashed up, as a specialist literally rebuilds the drive from pieces.

On a more mundane level, you can recover data that’s been accidentally deleted because HDDs don’t delete the physical data when you delete them in Windows or another operating system. Instead, that area of the drive is simply marked to be overwritten. As long as the overwriting hasn’t happened yet, you can recover it using special software.

SSDs make it almost impossible to recover anything if the drive is damaged or files are deleted. If an HDD is damaged by an electrical surge, you can still rebuild it with new drive electronics, but since an SSD is entirely electrical, all of the memory could be fried.

It also doesn’t help that SSDs have sophisticated controllers that do a lot of things with physical data operating systems they don’t know about. For example, the TRIM command used by SATA SSDs pre-emptively deletes memory cells that have been marked for deletion to speed up the process of writing new data. So the undelete trick won’t work on them!

The Future Is Solid-State

While SSDs aren’t perfect, they represent such a leap in storage drive performance that their eventual dominance of the storage market seems inevitable. Over time we expect even SLC SSDs to come down in price, while less durable SSD types will become even smarter when it comes to limiting wear. 

Hard drive technology also had its fair share of problems in the early days, but we have a feeling whatever issues SSDs still have will be solved in record time. 

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