Weligaa ma is weydiisay fartu maxay yihiin? Ka waran qoysaska font? Ma rabtaa in aad wax badan ka ogaato sifooyinka xarfaha, miisaanka xarfaha iyo qaababka xarfaha? Tilmaan-bixiyahan, waxaanu kaga jawaabaynaa su'aalahan oo dhan (iyo in ka badan) waxaanan qeexaynaa waxyaabaha yaryar ee kala duwan, kuwaas oo, wada jir, ka dhigaya font iyo qoys qoys. Aan bilowno:

Waa maxay fartu?

Qeexitaan ahaan, xarafku waa xarfo, badiyaa xarfo, lambaro, calamadaha xarakaynta, iyo calaamado kale. Farta waxa lagu gartaa cabbirkooda, miisaankooda, iyo qaabka ay u dhisan yihiin. Qaar ka mid ah xarfaha ayaa ka weyn kuwa kale, qaar ayaa ka geesisan ama farcan ka badan kuwa kale.

Fartu waxay ku yimaadaan qaabab iyo cabbirro kala duwan

Sifooyinkan oo dhami waxay khuseeyaan xarfaha aan isticmaalno maanta, marka laga reebo in aan hadda isticmaalno oo aragno xarfaha lagu soo bandhigay shaashadaha nooc kasta ah. Farta loo isticmaalo kombayutarada, daalacashada mareegaha, codsiyada xafiiska, ama apps kasta oo kale ayaa wali lagu qeexay sifooyin la mid ah: cabbirka, miisaanka, iyo qaabka.

Aynu mid mid u soo qaadano saddexdan astaamood ee muhiimka ah oo aynu eegno waxa muhiimka ka dhigaya. Qof kastaa malaha wuu maqlay farta Arial , markaa waxaanu u isticmaalnaa tusaale ahaan.

Waa maxay cabbirka fartu?

Cabbirka xarfaha^(Font) waxaa badanaa lagu cabbiraa dhibco kuwaas oo inta badan u dhigma pixels ee bandhigyada kombiyuutarka iyo noocyada kale ee shaashadaha. Tusaale ahaan, xarfaha Arial oo ka kooban 14 dhibcood waxay ka dhigan tahay in farta aad isticmaaleyso lagu magacaabo Arial iyo in xuruufteeda ( xarfaha, nambarada, iyo calaamadaha kale) ay leeyihiin cabbirka ugu badan, ama dhererka haddii aad rabto, oo ah 14 dhibcood. Jumlad ku qoran 14 dhibcood Arial waxay u egtahay sidan:

Cabirka farta waxaa lagu cabbiraa dhibco

Waa maxay miisaanka farta?

Xarfaha sidoo kale waxaa lagu gartaa miisaan. Miisaanka fartu waxa uu tilmaamayaa dhumucda xarfaha uu ka kooban yahay, ama in ka badan sida ay u dhumuc weyn yihiin xarfaha xarfaha (strokes) ee jilayaasha. Noocyada caadiga ah ee miisaanka font waa mid joogto ah, geesinimo leh, iyo iftiin. Miisaanka caadiga ah waa mid joogto ah; farta miisaankeedu fudud yahay macnaheedu waa in xuruuftiisu ay ka dhuuban yihiin xarfaha caadiga ah ee la midka ah. Sidoo kale, farta geesiga ah waxay la macno tahay in xarfaha ay ka dhumuc weyn yihiin qaabka caadiga ah ee fartaas.

Fartu sidoo kale waxay yeelan kartaa miisaanyo kale, sida fudud, badh-dhiman, ama ka sii dhiiran. Mararka qaarkood, miisaanka farta waxaa lagu qeexi karaa tirooyin; tusaale ahaan, fartu waxay noqon kartaa 100 iftiin ama 600 oo geesinimo ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isticmaale kombuyuutareedka caadiga ah wuxuu la tacaali doonaa sida caadiga ah, miisaanka xarfaha caadiga ah, iyo xarfo miisaan leh. Hoosta, waxaad arki kartaa tusaale farta Arial Bold , oo ay weheliso Arial caadiga ah . Way caddahay nooca geesinimada leh.

Miisaanka ayaa la xidhiidha dhumucda istaroogga

Waa maxay qaabka fartu?

Sifada saddexaad ee muhiimka ah ee fartu waa qaabkeeda. Fartu waxay noqon kartaa italic (ama bakhti), isku urursan (ama cidhiidhi), la cufan, la fidiyay (ama la ballaariyay), iyo wixii la mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, xarfaha farta farta taagta ah waxay leeyihiin xagal ka duwan kan taagan. Jilayaasha farta la isku dhejiyay ama cidhiidhiga ah waxay leeyihiin fogaan cidhiidhi ah marka loo eego farqiga caadiga ah ee u dhexeeya, halka far fidsan ama la ballaadhiyay ay u dhexayso jilayaasheeda kala dheerayn. Waa kuwan tusaale xarfo leh qaabab kala duwan:

Qoraal^(Text) la isticmaalayo Arial Narrow iyo Arial Italic

Marka laga soo tago saddexda dhinac ee muhiimka ah ee qeexaya (xajmiga, miisaanka, iyo qaabka), farta waxa kale oo lagu gartaa waxyaabo kale sida naqshadaynta, habka loo maro jilayaashooda (dhibcaha ama isticmaalka vectors), ama fartooda. hanuunin. Tusaale ahaan, xarfaha Carabiga^(Arabic) waxaa loo qaabeeyey in loo akhriyo midig-ilaa-bidix halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen bidix-ilaa-midig, sida farta ay adeegsadaan luqadaha badankooda.

Waa maxay qoyska farta?

Qoyska fartu waxa ay ka dhigan yihiin ururinta dhammaan xarfaha kuwaas oo wadaaga sifooyin nakhshad isku mid ah. Faraha ka tirsan qoyska isku midka ah waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan cabbirka, miisaanka, iyo qaabka, laakiin waxay wadaagaan isla sifooyinka naqshadaynta muhiimka ah.

Tusaale ahaan, marka dadku ka fikiraan Arial , kaliya waxay ka fikiraan hal waji oo gaar ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii waa qoys font oo dhan, oo lagu garto isla xariiq toosan iyo muuqaal xaraf ah. Sidan uga fakar: qoyska fartu waa wadarta dhammaan miisaannada iyo qaababka far gaar ah.

Fonts sida faylalka kombiyuutarkaaga

Farta waxa loo kaydiyaa sidii faylal kombuyuutarrada ku shaqeeya Windows iyo nidaamyada kale ee hawlgalka. Faylka fartu waxa uu ka kooban yahay tafaasiil ku saabsan naqshadaynta, cabbirka, miisaanka, iyo qaabka, iyo sidoo kale jilayaasha lagu soo daray. Sida^(Just) faylalka la fulin karo ay u leeyihiin kordhinta ".exe" ee Windows , fartu waxay leeyihiin dhowr kordhin oo gaar ah oo la isticmaalo. Kordhinta ugu badan ee xarfaha waa TTF iyo OTF .

Kordhinta faylka faylalka font

TTF waa xaraf soo gaabiyay TrueType Fonts , oo ah qaab fareed ay abuurtay Apple oo si xor ah shati u siisay Microsoft 198^(Microsoft) -tii. Sababtaas awgeed, qaabkani hadda waa kan loogu isticmaalka badan yahay kombiyuutarada Windows . Waxaad ka heli kartaa tafaasiil dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan noocaan faylasha qoraalka ah iyo xoogaa taariikh ah oo ku saabsan, halkan: TrueType .

OTF waxay ka timaadaa OpenType Font . OpenType sidoo kale waa ilmo Microsoft , laakiin markan waxay ku timid caawinta Adobe halkii Apple . Furaha OpenType^(OpenType) waxaa lagu isticmaalaa kombiyuutarada Windows , iyo sidoo kale mareegaha internetka.

Kumbiyuutarrada iyo aaladaha Windows , xarfaha la rakibay ayaa lagu kaydiyaa qaybta nidaamkaaga - midka uu ku rakiban yahay nidaamka hawlgalka - galka Fonts - hoosaadka galka Windows . Haddii aad soo dejisato far, waxa aad ku kaydsan kartaa gal kasta oo aad rabto, laakiin marka aad rakibto, nuqul ka mid ah fartu waxa uu ku kaydsan yahay galka aan soo sheegnay.

Goobta farta lagu rakibay Windows

Haddii aad rabto faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan sida loogu shaqeeyo font-ka kumbuyuutarka ku shaqeeya Windows , halkan waxaa ah maqaal ku saabsan sida loo arko loona rakibo fonts gudaha Windows 11 iyo Windows 10^{(How to view and install fonts in Windows 11 and Windows 10)} .

Haddii aad jeclaan lahayd inaad ka hesho xarfaha internetka oo aad ka soo dejiso kumbuyuutarkaaga, halkan waxaa ah 10ka goobood ee ugu wanaagsan oo aad ka soo dejisan karto xarfaha bilaashka ah^{(10 best locations where you can download safe free fonts)} .

Way adagtahay in wax lagu akhriyo marka la eego go'aamo hoose?

Akhrinta xarfaha xallinta hoose waxay dhib ku ahayd xarfaha ugu horreeya ee lagu isticmaalo shaashadaha kombiyuutarka. Halkii laga heli lahaa khadadka siman, xallinta hoose ayaa loo tarjumay jilayaal si adag loo akhriyo. Farta TrueType waxay soo bandhigtay horumar la taaban karo iyadoo la adeegsanayo tignoolajiyada loo yaqaan hinting . Ka dib, anti-aliasing ayaa lagu daray oo ugu dambeyntii samaynta subpixel^{(subpixel rendering)} . Microsoft waxay ku hirgalisay tan dambe magaca ClearType . ClearType waa la dami karaa ama dami karaa gudaha Windows^{(ClearType can be turned on or off in Windows)} iyadoo ku xiran dookhyada isticmaale

Samaynta Subpixel^(Subpixel) waxay ka faa'iidaysanaysaa tignoolajiyada loo isticmaalo shaashadaha LCD . pixel kasta ee shaashadda LCD , waxaa jira saddex subpixels dhabta ah mid kasta oo ka mid ah midabada aasaasiga ah (cas, cagaar, buluug). Midabka cad waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo kor loo qaado dhammaan saddexda pixels ee xoogga ugu badan. Soo bandhigida Subpixel^(Subpixel) waxay soo bandhigaysaa macluumaad kala duwan midab kasta oo hoose, iyada oo la tixgelinayo isku xirnaanta si loo simo cidhifyada.

Bidix ka yimid: ma jiro anti-aliasing, samaynta subpixel, anti-aliasing, ClearType

Dadka qaar ayaa teknooloojiyadaan dhibaysa sababtoo ah xarfaha ayaa iyaga ugu muuqda kuwo midab leh halkii ay madow ka ahaan lahaayeen. Saameyntu way ka sii daraysaa haddii asalka shaashadda uusan caddaan ahayn. Haddii aad qabto dhibaatadan, waxaad ka damin kartaa sifadan Windows .

Taariikh kooban oo farta ah

Taariikh ahaan, ereyga font, ama fount, wuxuu ka dhigan yahay xarfo kala duwan oo laga soo xardhay alwaax ama ka samaysan bir dhalaalaysa oo caaryar ah. Farta ugu horreysa waxay u badan tahay inay soo baxday markii farsamada daabacaada ee ugu horreysay la sameeyay. Taasi waxay ka dhacday Bariga Aasiya^{(East Asia)} , meel intii lagu jiray 206 BC - 220 AD, markaasoo Shiinuhu^(Chinese) bilaabay inuu isticmaalo daabacaadda alwaax ee maro iyo warqad. Qarnigii 11-aad, Aasiyada Bari^{(East Asia)} waxay hore u aragtay ikhtiraacida nooc alwaax ah oo dhaqaaqi karo (hal nooc oo nooc ah oo dabeecad kasta ah), qarnigii 13aad, Kuuriya^(Korea) waxay samaysay nooc dhaqaaqa birta. Taariikh ahaan^{(Chronologically)} , tallaabada xigta ee muhiimka ah waxay ahayd ikhtiraacida daabacaadda nooca dhaqdhaqaaqa farsamada ee Johannes Gutenberg inYurub^(Europe) , qiyaastii 1450. Waxay ahayd markii Gutenberg uu shaqaaleysiiyay qoraa si uu uga caawiyo naqshadeynta iyo abuurista farta adduunka ugu horreysa. ^(World)Sida laga soo xigtay Wikipedia , waxay lahayd 202 xaraf waxaana loo isticmaali jiray daabacaadda buugaagtii ugu horeysay ee Yurub^(Europe) . Muddo aan dheerayn ka dib, Gutenberg waxa uu sameeyay far labaad oo ka kooban 300 oo xaraf, kuwaas oo uu u isticmaalay in uu ku abuuro Kitaabka Quduuska ah^(Bible) ee ugu horreeya adduunka. Waxaa loo yaqaan Baybalka Gutenberg^{(Gutenberg Bible)} , ama Baybalka 42-line , Baybalka ^(Bible)Mazarin^{(Mazarin Bible)} ama B42 . Iyadoo aan loo eegin^(Regardless) magaca ay sido, waxay calaamad u tahay bilawga da'da buuga daabacan ee gudahaYurub^(Europe) iyo guud ahaan Galbeedka .^(World)

Farta loo isticmaalo Baybalka Gutenberg^{(Gutenberg Bible)}

Noocyo badan oo kala duwan ayaa la sameeyay ka dib^{(were developed afterwards)} , laakiin "kor u kaca farta" waxay ahayd qarnigii 20aad markii daabacaaddu ay noqotay warshad, iyo mashiinnada daabacaadda warshadaha ayaa noqday wax caadi ah. Waxay ahayd xilligii buugaagta daabacan ee baahsanaa iyo wargeysyada la faafin jiray, waxayna ahayd xilli far badan la sameeyay.

Ugu dambayntii, laga soo bilaabo qaybtii ugu dambaysay ee qarnigii 20-aad^{(the last part of the 20th century)} , dadku waxay u beddeleen wax ku akhrinta warqadda oo ay wax ku akhriyaan shaashadaha. Sababtoo ah sare u kaca internetka, akhrinta wararka iyo helista macluumaad qoran, guud ahaan, waxay noqdeen kuwo caan ah oo ku saabsan kombuyuutarrada, tablets, smart phones, iyo qalabka kale ee la midka ah. Dadku waxay bilaabeen inay fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan sida xarfaha u eg yihiin marka lagu soo bandhigo shaashadaha, sidaas darteed naqshadeeyayaasha ka badan weligood waxay bilaabeen inay abuuraan xarfaha. Haddaba, maanta, way adag tahay in la ogaado inta farood ee kala duwani jiraan - qiyaasuhu waxay ku sugan yihiin gobolka 500,000 ilaa 1,000,000.

Waa maxay xarfaha aad door bidayso?

Waxaan rajeyneynaa, in maqaalkan, aan ku guuleysanay inaan iftiimino waxa farta iyo qoysaska farta ay yihiin. Noo sheeg xarfaha aad doorbidayso inaad isticmaasho. Haddii aad hayso wax su'aalo ah oo ku saabsan mawduucan ama haddii aad rabto in aan ku darno macluumaad kale maqaalka, ha ka welwelin inaad noogu soo qorto faallooyinka hoose.

What is a font and what is a font family? -

Have you ever wondered what fonts are? How aboυt font families? Do you want to know more about font proрerties, font weight and font stylеs? In thіs guide, we answеr all these questions (and more) and definе thе diffеrent little things that, together, make a font and a font family. Let's get started:

What is a font?

By definition, a font is a set of characters, usually letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and other symbols. Fonts are characterized by their size, weight, and style. Some fonts are larger than others, some are bolder or more italic than others.

Fonts come in different shapes and sizes

All these characteristics apply to the fonts we use today, except we now usually use and see fonts displayed on screens of all kinds. Fonts used on computers, in web browsers, in office applications, or any other apps are still defined by the same characteristics: size, weight, and style.

Let's take these three main characteristics one by one and see what makes them significant. Everybody has probably heard about the Arial font, so we use it as an example.

What is font size?

Font size is usually measured in points which are often equivalent to pixels on computer displays and other types of screens. For instance, a 14 points Arial font means that the font you use is named Arial and that its characters (letters, numbers, and other symbols) have a maximum size, or height if you wish, of 14 points. A sentence written in 14 points Arial looks like this:

Font size is measured in points

What is the font weight?

Fonts are also characterized by weight. The weight of a font refers to how thick the characters it contains are, or more precisely how thick the lines (strokes) of the characters are. The usual types of font weight are regular, bold, and light. The default weight is regular; a font with a light weight means that its characters are thinner than its similar standard or regular font. Similarly, a bold font means that the characters are thicker than the regular form of that font.

A font can have other weights too, like lighter, semi-bold, or bolder. Sometimes, the font weight can be specified in numbers; for instance, a font can be 100 light or 600 bold. However, the regular computer user is going to deal with regular, standard font weights, and with bold weight fonts. Below, you can see an example of an Arial Bold font, alongside the regular Arial. It's clear which is the bold version.

The weight relates to stroke thickness

What is a font style?

The third essential characteristic of a font is its style. Fonts can be italic (or oblique), condensed (or narrow), compressed, extended (or expanded), and so on. For instance, the characters from an italic font have a distinct angle from vertical. The characters from a condensed or narrow font have a narrower spacing than the standard spacing between them, while an extended or expanded font has wider spacing between its characters. Here's an example of fonts with different styles:

Text written using Arial Narrow and Arial Italic

In addition to the three main aspects that define it (size, weight, and style), a font is also characterized by other things like the design, the method through which their characters are represented (through dots or by using vectors), or their orientation. For instance, the Arabic fonts are designed for right-to-left reading instead of left-to-right, like the fonts used by most languages.

What is a font family?

A font family represents a collection of all the fonts that share the same design characteristics. The fonts belonging to the same family can vary in size, weight, and style, but share the same essential design characteristics.

For instance, when people think about Arial, they only think of one specific font face, but it’s actually a whole font family, characterized by the same straight lines and letter appearance. Think of it this way: a font family is the sum of all weights and styles of a particular font.

Fonts as files on your computer

Fonts are stored as files on computers running Windows and other operating systems. A font file contains details about the design, size, weight, and style, as well as the characters included. Just as executable files have the “.exe” extension in Windows, fonts have a few specific commonly-used extensions. The most common extensions for fonts are TTF and OTF.

File extensions for font files

TTF is an acronym for TrueType Fonts, a font format created by Apple and licensed freely to Microsoft in the 1980s. Because of that, this format is now the most widely used on Windows computers. You can find more details about this type of font files and a bit of history about it, here: TrueType.

OTF comes from OpenType Font. OpenType is also a child of Microsoft, but this time it came to fruition with the help of Adobe instead of Apple. OpenType fonts are used on Windows computers, as well as websites on the internet.

On Windows computers and devices, installed fonts are stored on your system partition - the one on which the operating system is installed - in the Fonts subfolder of the Windows folder. If you download a font, you can store it in any folder you want, but once you install it, a copy of the font is saved in the folder we mentioned.

The location of installed fonts in Windows

If you want more details on how to work with fonts on a computer running Windows, here’s an article on How to view and install fonts in Windows 11 and Windows 10.

If you would like to find fonts on the internet and download them on your computer, here are 10 best locations where you can download safe free fonts.

Hard to read at low resolutions?

Reading fonts at low resolutions was a problem with the first fonts used on computer screens. Instead of smooth lines, the low resolution translated into hard to read characters. TrueType fonts have introduced a significant improvement using a technology called hinting. Later on, anti-aliasing was added and finally subpixel rendering. Microsoft implemented the latter under the name ClearType. ClearType can be turned on or off in Windows depending on user preferences.

Subpixel rendering takes advantage of the technology used in LCD screens. For every pixel on an LCD screen, there are three actual subpixels for each of the basic colors (red, green, blue). The color white is obtained by firing up all three pixels at maximum intensity. Subpixel rendering displays different information on each color subpixel, taking adjacency into account to smooth out the edges.

From left: no anti-aliasing, subpixel rendering, anti-aliasing, ClearType

Some people are bothered by this technology because the fonts appear to them colored instead of black. The effect is worsened if the screen background is not white. If you have this problem, you can turn off this feature in Windows.

A brief history of the font

Historically speaking, the word font, or fount, meant a set of different characters that were either carved from wood or shaped from molten metal in a mold. The first font probably appeared when the first printing technique was developed. That took place in East Asia, somewhere during 206 BC - 220 AD, when the Chinese started to use woodblock printing on cloth and paper. By the 11th century, East Asia had already seen the invention of moveable wooden type (one piece of type for each character), and by the 13th century, Korea had developed metal moving type. Chronologically, the next important step was the invention of mechanical moving type printing by Johannes Gutenberg in Europe, around 1450. It was the moment when Gutenberg hired a scribe to help him design and create the first Western World font. According to Wikipedia, it had 202 characters and it was used to print the first books in Europe. Not long after that, Gutenberg created a second font with 300 characters, which he used to create the first printed Bible in the world. It's known as the Gutenberg Bible, or the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42. Regardless of the name it bears, it marks the start of the age of the printed book in Europe and generally in the Western World.

The font used in the Gutenberg Bible

Many different types of fonts were developed afterwards, but “the rise of the fonts” was during the 20th century when printing became an industry, and industrial printing machines became common. It was the age of widespread printed books and newspapers distribution, and it was a period in which many fonts were created.

Finally, starting from the last part of the 20th century, people shifted from reading on paper to reading on screens. Because of the rise of the internet, reading the news and finding written information, in general, has become increasingly popular on computers, tablets, smartphones, and other similar devices. People started to pay a lot more attention to what fonts look like when displayed on screens, so more designers than ever before started to create fonts. Thus, today, it's hard to know how many different fonts exist - estimates are in the region of 500,000 to 1,000,000.

What fonts do you prefer?

We hope that, in this article, we managed to shed some light on what fonts and font families are. Let us know which fonts you prefer to use. If you have any questions on this subject or if you want us to add other information to the article, don't hesitate to write to us in the comments below.

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