Faylka Hosts -ka, aka etc/hosts wuxuu jiray ilaa 1984. Nidaam kasta oo ka hawlgala wuxuu leeyahay mid, oo ay ku jiraan Windows . Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la kulantay ereyga iwm/martigeliyayaasha adiga oo aan garanayn waxa ay ka dhigan tahay, iyo sababta loo isticmaalo. Haddii aad tahay horumariye mareegaha, waxa hubaal ah in aad garanayso waxa uu faylkani yahay, oo aad rabto in aad si degdeg ah u hesho. Tilmaan-bixiyahan, waxaanu ku sharaxaynaa waxa uu yahay faylka Hosts -ka, halka uu ku yaallo Windows , waxa gelitaanka martida loo yahay, iyo sida loo tafatiro faylka Hosts -ka iyada oo aan lagu turunturoonayn khaladaadka oggolaanshaha. Aan bilowno:

Waa maxay faylka Hosts ee Windows?

Faylka Hosts (sidoo kale loo yaqaan etc/hosts ) waa fayl qoraal ah oo ay adeegsato Windows (iyo nidaamyada kale ee hawlgalka) si ay u khariideeyaan cinwaannada IP-yada si ay u martigeliyaan magacyada ama magacyada domain. Faylkaani wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii adeeg DNS^{(DNS service)} oo deegaanka ah , kombayutarka deegaankaaga, wuxuuna meesha ka saarayaa khariidadaha server-ka DNS ee uu kombayutarkaagu ku xidhan yahay, iyada oo loo marayo shabakada.

Halkee buu ku yaalaa faylka martida loo yahay Windows ?

Faylasha Hosts -ka (ama etc/hosts ) waxaa laga helaa galkan soo socda: "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc"

Waa fayl aan lahayn fayl kordhin, oo la furi karo oo laga daawado tafatire kasta oo qoraal ah, oo uu ku jiro Notepad .

Waa maxay gelitaanka martida loo yahay ee Windows?

Faylka Hosts -ku waxa uu kaydiyaa geliyaasha martida loo yahay^{(host entries)} . Waxay yihiin xariiqyo qoraal ah oo habaysan oo isticmaala qaabkan soo socda: IPaddress Hostname Comment . Qaybta hore waa cinwaanka IP-ga ee aad dib u habeyn ku sameyso, qeybta labaad waa domain-ka aad rabto inaad dib u habeyso, tan seddexaad waa faallo. Faalladu qasab maaha oo kaliya labada qaybood ee hore waa. Waxaad kala saari kartaa saddexda qaybood ee gelitaanka martida loo yahay meelo bannaan ama TABs (riix furaha TAB hal ama laba jeer). Tusaale ahaan, waxaad ku dari kartaa xariiq oranaya: "127.0.0.1 www.google.com"

Markaad kaydiso gelida sare, Windows waxay u jihaysaa bogga www.google.com kombayutarka deegaankaaga, dhammaan abkaaga iyo daalacashada shabakada.

Waa maxay 127.0.0.1?

127.0.0.1 waa ujeedo gaar ah IP-address kaas oo u horseedaya localhost, kaas oo ah kombayutarkaga. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan "cinwaanka loopback", oo macneheedu yahay ciwaanka dib ugu celinaya kombiyuutarka isagoo isticmaalaya ciwaanka. Si ka duwan ciwaanka IP-ga caadiga ah^{(standard IP addresses)} , ciwaanka loopback kuma xidhna qalab kasta, jidh ahaanna kuma xidhna shabakad. Ciwaanka waxa isticmaala apps iyo adeegyada ku rakiban kombayutarkaga, si loola xidhiidho localhost, taasoo la macno ah kombayutarkaga.

Kumbiyuutarkaagu waxa kale oo uu leeyahay cinwaan IP gaar ah, oo ka duwan 127.0.0.1, ee ku xidhan kaarka shabakadda, kaas oo loo isticmaalo in lagula xidhiidho aaladaha iyo adeegyada kale ee shabakadda ama internetka.

Inta badan, cinwaanka IP-ga localhost waxaa loo isticmaalaa marka lagu rakibayo server-ka kumbuyuutarkaaga, horumarinta shabakadda, si boggaga internetka ee la sameeyay ay u noqon karaan kuwo gudaha ah, oo lagu tijaabiyo browserka webka, sida haddii ay ku nool yihiin internetka. .

Si looga fogaado isku dhacyada shabakadaha kombuyuutarrada, ciwaanka IP-yada ee loo isticmaalo aaladaha shabakadda waxay noqon karaan wax aan ka ahayn 127.0.0.1. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad gacanta isku daydo inaad wax ka beddesho ciwaanka IP-ga ee kaarka shabakadaada, gudaha Windows , waxaad helaysaa qalad sheegaya in: "Cinwaannada IP ee ka bilaabmaya 127 ma shaqaynayaan sababtoo ah waxay u hayaan ciwaanka loopback. Fadlan sheeg qiime kale oo ansax ah. inta u dhaxaysa 1 iyo 223."^{("IP addresses starting with 127 are not valid because they are reserved for loopback address. Please specify some other valid value between 1 and 223.")}

Sida loo furo oo loo arko Hosts (etc/hosts) faylka gudaha Windows

Waxaad tafatir kartaa faylka Hosts adigoo isticmaalaya tifaftire kasta oo qoraal ah. Aynu^(Let) isticmaalno Notepad tusaale ahaan. Marka hore^(First) , iyo tan ugu muhiimsan, waa inaad furto ^{(open )}Notepad (ama tifaftiraha qoraalka aad jeceshahay) adigoo wata ogolaanshaha maamulaha. Hal dariiqo oo taas lagu sameeyo ayaa ah in la raadiyo ereyga "notepad" gudaha Windows 10 , midig-guji (ama taabo oo hay) natiijada raadinta Notepad , ka dibna dhagsii ama taabo "Run as administration." ^{("Run as administrator.")}Isla markiiba UAC^{(UAC prompt)} ee la tusay, taabo Haa^(Yes) .

Hadda waxaad u baahan tahay inaad furto faylka Hosts . Guji ama taabo Faylka^(File) ka dibna Fur^(Open) , ama taabo CTRL+O kiiboodhkaaga.

U baadho "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc" ama koobi ka bixi oo ku dheji dariiqa ciwaanka ee daaqada furan , oo tabo ^(Open)Gelida^(Enter) .

Marka hore, "wax shay ku habboon raadintaada ma jiraan"^{("no items match your search")} taasoo la macno ah inaadan arag wax fayl ah. Taasi waa sababta oo ah faylka Hosts ma laha faylka kordhinta, iyo Notepad wuxuu raadinayaa kaliya faylasha leh ".txt" kordhinta. Guji^(Click) ama taabo liiska hoos-u-dhaca ee dhanka midig ee goobta magaca faylka^{(File name)} , oo dooro "All Files (*.*)."

Hadda waxaad arkaysaa dhammaan faylasha ku jira galka, oo ay ku jiraan martigeliyayaasha^(hosts) . Dooro faylka oo tabo Fur^(Open) .

Sida loo tafatiro Hosts -ka (iwm/hosts) ee gudaha Windows

Kadib markaad furto faylka Hosts -ka , waad wax ka beddeli kartaa, oo aad ku dari kartaa, bedeli kartaa ama ka saari kartaa gelinta, sida aad ku sameyso faylka qoraalka kale.

Xusuusnow^(Remember) in dhammaan geliyaasha aad ku dartay ay tahay inay isticmaalaan qaabkan: IP address Hostname . Ku dar xariiq sida "127.0.0.1 www.google.com" ama "192.168.1.1 www.webapp.com"

Markaad dhammayso tafatirka faylka Hosts , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad kaydiso isbedeladaada. Haddii isbeddelada la sameeyo oo aan la keydin, ogaysii in foornada daaqada Notepad ay ka bilaabato calaamad *. Si aad u kaydsato isbedeladaada, aad faylka^(File) oo kadibna Save ama taabo CTRL+S kiiboodhkaga.

Kadib markaad kaydiso isbeddeladaada, isla markiiba waa la dabaqayaa oo meesha ka saarayaa khariidadaha server-ka DNS ee kumbuyuutarkaagu ku xidhan yahay.

Maxay dadku u isticmaalaan faylka Hosts?

Inta badan isticmaalayaasha kombuyuutarrada caadiga ah ma isticmaali doonaan faylka Hosts ilaa ay rabaan inay si toos ah qof ugu jiidaan oo ay u isticmaalaan si ay u xannibaan gelitaanka Google , Facebook ama bog kale, oo ay ka dhigaan inay u maleynayaan inuu hoos u dhacay, oo uusan shaqeyneynin. . Dadka isticmaala faylka Hosts -ka inta badan waa kuwa sameeya shabakadaha abuura mareegaha iyo apps webka, kuwaas oo ay tahay in lagu tijaabiyo gudaha, ka hor inta aan lagu daabicin internetka.

Xirfadlayaasha IT sidoo kale waxay isticmaalaan faylka Hosts si ay u xannibaan gelitaanka goobo gaar ah iyo ilaha shabakada, kombiyuutarada ay ku maamulayaan shaqada. Tusaale ahaan, waxay u isticmaali karaan inay xannibaan xayeysiisyada shabakadooda ganacsi, ee shabakadaha xayeysiiska ah.

Malware waxa kale oo ay isticmaali kartaa faylka Hosts -ka si ay ugu jihayso taraafikadaada mareegaha server-yada fog laga maamulo oo ay xaddo macluumaadka shakhsiyeed ama xog kale.

Ma bedeli karo faylka Hosts gudaha Windows ! Maxaan sameeyaa?

Markaad tafatirayso oo aad kaydinayso faylka Hosts gudaha ^(Hosts)Windows , waxa laga yaabaa inaad hesho fariin khalad ah oo odhanaysa: "Ma haysatid ogolaansho aad ku kaydsato meeshan." ^{("You don't have permissions to save to this location.")}Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah ma aadan furin Notepad ama tifaftiraha qoraalka ee aad isticmaalayso, adigoo wata ogolaanshaha maamulaha. Akhri qaybaha sare oo arag sida loo bilaabo Notepad oo leh ogolaanshaha maamulaha.

Kadib markaad taas sameyso, waxaad tafatiran kartaa faylka Hosts -ka adigoon wax qalad ah iyo dhibaato ogolaansho lahayn.

Sidee u isticmaashaa faylka Hosts gudaha Windows ?

Waad^(Thank) ku mahadsan tahay akhrinta casharkan. Waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan ku guuleysanay inaan ka jawaabno dhammaan su'aalahaaga ku saabsan faylka Hosts -ka. ^(Hosts)Kahor intaadan xirin, faallo noogu sheeg, sida aad u qorsheyneyso inaad u isticmaasho faylka Hosts gudaha ^(Hosts)Windows ? Ma shaqo ayey u tahay mise saaxiib ama xubin qoyska ka mid ah baa ku kaftan? Hoos ka faallooda^(Comment) oo aynu wadaagno waayo-aragnimadeena la shaqaynta faylka Hosts -ka.^(Hosts)

What is the Hosts file in Windows? How to edit etc/hosts?

The Hosts file, a.k.a etc/hosts has been around since 1984. Every operating system has one, including Windows. You may have encountered the term etc/hosts without knowing what it means, and why it is used. If you are a web developer, you surely know what this file is, and you want to find it quickly. In this guide, we explain what the Hosts file is, where it is located in Windows, what a host entry is, and how to edit the Hosts file without stumbling into permission errors. Let's get started:

What is the Hosts file in Windows?

The Hosts file (also referred to as etc/hosts) is a text file used by Windows (and other operating systems) to map IP addresses to host names or domain names. This file acts as a local DNS service, for your local computer, and it overrides the mappings from the DNS server that your computer is connected to, through the network.

Where is the Hosts file located in Windows?

The Hosts files (or etc/hosts) is found in the following folder: "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc"

It is a file with no file extension, that can be opened and viewed in any text editor, including Notepad.

What is host entry in Windows?

The Hosts file stores host entries. They are standardized lines of text that use the following format: IPaddress Hostname Comment. The first part is the IP address to redirect to, the second part is the domain that you want to redirect, and the third is a comment. The comment is not mandatory only the first two parts are. You can separate the three components of a host entry with spaces or TABs (press the TAB key once or twice). For example, you can add a line that says: "127.0.0.1 www.google.com"

Once you save the entry above, Windows redirects the domain www.google.com to your local computer, in all your apps and web browsers.

What is 127.0.0.1?

127.0.0.1 is a special purpose IP address that leads to the localhost, which is your computer. It is also called "loopback address," meaning an address that leads back to the computer using the address. Unlike standard IP addresses, the loopback address is not associated with any hardware, and it is not physically connected to a network. This address is used by apps and services that are installed on your computer, to communicate with the localhost, meaning your computer.

Your computer also has a unique IP address, different from 127.0.0.1, associated with your network card, that is used to communicate with other devices and services over the network or the internet.

Most often, the localhost IP address is used when installing a web server on your computer, for web development, so that the web pages that are created can be run locally, and tested in a web browser, as if they were live on the internet.

To avoid conflicts in computer networks, the IP addresses used for network devices can be anything except 127.0.0.1. For example, if you manually try to modify the IP address of your network card, in Windows, you receive an error stating that: "IP addresses starting with 127 are not valid because they are reserved for loopback address. Please specify some other valid value between 1 and 223."

How to open and view the Hosts (etc/hosts) file in Windows

You can edit the Hosts file using any text editor. Let's use Notepad, for example. First, and most important, is that you open Notepad (or your favorite text editor) with administrator permissions. One way to do that is to search for the word "notepad" in Windows 10, right-click (or tap and hold) the Notepad search result, and then click or tap "Run as administrator." In the UAC prompt that is shown, press Yes.

Now you need to open the Hosts file. Click or tap File and then Open, or press CTRL+O on your keyboard.

Browse to "C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc" or copy and paste the path in the address field of the Open window, and press Enter.

At first, "no items match your search" meaning that you do not see any files. That's because the Hosts file does not have a file extension, and Notepad is looking only for files with the ".txt" extension. Click or tap the drop-down list to the right of the File name field, and choose "All Files (*.*)."

Now you see all the files in the folder, including hosts. Select the file and press Open.

How to edit the Hosts (etc/hosts) file in Windows

After you have opened the Hosts file, you can edit it, and add, change or remove entries, as you do in any other text file.

Remember that all the entries that you add must use this format: IP address Hostname. Add a line like "127.0.0.1 www.google.com" or "192.168.1.1 www.webapp.com"

When you are done editing the Hosts file, you need to save your changes. If changes are made and not saved, notice that the tile of the Notepad window starts with a * sign. To save your changes, go to File and then Save or press CTRL+S on your keyboard.

After you have saved your changes, they are applied immediately and override the mappings from the DNS server that your computer is connected to.

Why do people use the Hosts file?

Most casual computer users are not going to use the Hosts file unless they want to pull a prank on someone and use it to block their access to Google, Facebook or some other site, and make them think that it is down, and no longer working. The people using the Hosts file most frequently are web developers who create websites and web apps, which must be tested locally, before publishing them on the internet.

IT professionals also use the Hosts file to block access to specific sites and web resources, on the computers they are managing at work. For example, they can use it to block advertising in their business network, from specific ad networks.

Malware can also use the Hosts file to redirect your web traffic to remotely controlled servers and steal personal information or other data.

I can't edit the Hosts file in Windows! What do I do?

When editing and saving the Hosts file in Windows, you may receive an error message that states: "You don't have permissions to save to this location." This happens because you did not open Notepad or the text editor that you are using, with administrator permissions. Read the sections above and see how to start Notepad with administrator permissions.

After you do that, you can edit the Hosts file without any errors and permission problems.

How do you use the Hosts file in Windows?

Thank you for reading this tutorial. We hope that we have managed to answer all your questions about the Hosts file. Before closing, tell us in a comment, how you plan to use the Hosts file in Windows? Is it for work or just prank on a friend or family member? Comment below and let's share our experiences working with the Hosts file.

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