Marka la eego kombuyuutarrada, faylku waa qayb macluumaad ah. Waxaa lagu geli karaa nidaamka hawlgalka ama barnaamijyada gaarka ah. Magaca waxaa laga soo qaatay dukumeentiyada waraaqaha ah ee lagu isticmaali jiray xafiisyada. Maadaama faylalka kombuyuutarku ay u adeegaan isku ujeeddo, waxaa loogu yeeraa magac isku mid ah. Waxa kale oo loo malayn karaa inuu yahay shay kombuyuutar oo kaydiya xogta. Haddii aad isticmaalayso nidaamka GUI , faylasha waxa loo soo bandhigi doonaa calaamado ahaan. Waxaad laba jeer gujin kartaa astaanta si aad u furto faylka u dhigma.

Waa maxay faylka Kombiyuutarku?

Faylasha kombuyuutarku^(Computer) way ku kala duwanaan karaan qaabkooda. Faylasha la midka ah nooca (macluumaadka la kaydiyay) ayaa la sheegay inay isku qaab yihiin. Kordhinta faylka oo ah qayb ka mid ah magaca faylka ayaa kuu sheegi doona qaabkiisa. Noocyada kala duwan ee faylalka waa - faylka qoraalka, faylka xogta, faylka binary, faylka garaafyada, iwm…

Faylasha sidoo kale waxay yeelan karaan sifooyin gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, haddii faylku leeyahay sifo akhris-kaliya, macluumaad cusub laguma soo dari karo faylka. Magaca faylka sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah sifooyinkiisa. Magaca faylka ayaa tilmaamaya waxa faylku ku saabsan yahay. Haddaba, waxaa fiican in la helo magac macno leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, magaca faylka sinaba uma saameynayo waxa ku jira faylka.

Faylasha kombuyuutarku^(Computer) waxay ku kaydsan yihiin qalabyada kaydinta ee kala duwan - hard drives, optical drives, iwm… Sida^(How) faylasha loo habeeyo waxaa loo yaqaan nidaamka faylka.

Hagaha dhexdiisa, 2 fayl oo isku magac ah lama ogola. Sidoo kale, xarfo gaar ah lama isticmaali karo marka faylka la magacaabayo. Kuwa soo socda ayaa ah jilayaasha aan lagu aqbalin magaca faylka - / , , <, >, :, *, ?, |. Sidoo kale, kelmado gaar ah lama isticmaali karo marka faylka la magacaabayo. Magaca faylka waxa raacaya kordhintiisa (2-4 xaraf).

OS kastaa waxa uu leeyahay nidaam faylal ah si uu u ilaaliyo xogta ku jirta faylalka. Maareynta faylka^(File) sidoo kale waxaa lagu samayn karaa gacanta ama iyadoo la kaashanayo qalabka dhinac saddexaad.

Waxa jira hawlo kala duwan oo lagu samayn karo fayl. Waxay kala yihiin:

Samaynta fayl
Xogta akhriska
Wax ka beddelka nuxurka faylka
Furitaanka faylka
Xiritaanka faylka

Qaababka faylka^{(File formats)}

Sidii hore loo sheegay, qaabka faylka ayaa tilmaamaya nooca tusmada uu kaydinayo. Qaababka caadiga ah ee faylka sawirka waa JPEG, JPG, PNG . Dukumeentigu waxay yeelan karaan kordhinta docx ama txt. Faylasha maqalku inta badan waxay ka tirsan yihiin qaababka sida wav iyo mp3 halka mp4 ay tahay kordhinta faylalka muqaalka. Qaar ka^(Certain) mid ah faylasha ayaa lagu kaydiyaa qaab la cufan. Faylka zip-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay faylal iyo faylal kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weli waxaa loo tixgeliyaa hal fayl. Faylka ISO^{(ISO file)} waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu hayo macluumaadka laga helay saxanka. Waa matalaad saxan jireed. Tan waxa kale oo loo arkaa fayl keliya.

Faylka ma laga beddeli karaa qaab kale?^{(Can a file be converted from one format to another?)}

Waa suurtogal in faylka qaab ahaan loo beddelo qaab kale. Tan waxaa la sameeyaa marka qaabkii hore uusan taageerin software ama haddii aad rabto inaad u isticmaasho faylka ujeeddo kale. Tusaale ahaan, fayl qaab doc ah ma aqoonsana akhriyaha PDF . Si loo furo akhristaha PDF , waa in loo beddelaa qaab PDF ah. Haddii aad rabto in aad dejiso cod mp3 ah sida ringtone ee iPhone-kaaga, codka waa in marka hore loo beddelaa m4r si iPhone-ku u aqoonsado ringtone.

Qaar badan oo ka mid ah beddelayaasha internetka ee bilaashka ah waxay u beddelaan faylasha hal qaab oo kale.

Samaynta fayl^{(Creating a file)}

Abuuritaanka waa hawlgalka ugu horreeya ee isticmaaluhu ku sameeyo faylka. Fayl cusub oo kombuyuutar^(Computer) ah ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo software horay loogu sii rakibay kombiyuutarka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad abuurto faylka sawirka, tifaftiraha sawirka ayaa la isticmaalayaa. Sidoo kale, waxaad u baahan doontaa tafatire qoraal ah si aad u abuurto faylka qoraalka. Kadib abuurista faylka, waa in la keydiyaa. Waxaad ku kaydin kartaa meesha caadiga ah ee nidaamku soo jeediyo ama waxaad bedeli kartaa goobta sida aad doorbidayso.

Sidoo kale akhri: ^{(Also Read:)} Waa maxay Dhab ahaan Nidaamka Faylku?^{(What Exactly Is a File System?)}

Si loo hubiyo in faylka jira uu u furmo qaab la akhriyi karo, waa in lagu furo kaliya codsiyada taageeraya. Haddii aadan awoodin inaad xaqiijiso barnaamij ku habboon, u fiirso kordhintiisa oo u gudbi onlayn barnaamijyada taageera kordhintaas gaarka ah. Sidoo kale, gudaha Windows , waxa aad helaysaa 'furan' oo ay la socoto liiska codsiyada suurtagalka ah ee taageeri kara faylkaaga. Ctrl+O waa kiiboodhka gaaban ee furmi doona menu-ka faylka oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad doorato faylka aad furayso.

Kaydinta faylka^{(File storage)}

Xogta lagu kaydiyo faylasha iyo faylalka waxa loo habeeyey qaab dhismeed kala sareyn ah. Faylasha waxaa lagu kaydiyaa noocyo kala duwan oo warbaahin ah oo u dhexeeya hard drive ilaa disk ( DVD iyo floppy disk).

Maamulka faylka^{(File management)}

Isticmaalayaasha Windows waxay isticmaali karaan Windows Explorer si ay u arkaan, u habeeyaan, oo u maamulaan faylasha. Aynu hadda aragno sida loo sameeyo hawlgallada aasaasiga ah ee faylalka sida - koobiyeynta, guurista, beddelka magaca, tirtirida, iyo liiska faylasha ku jira hagaha/folderka.

Waa maxay Fayl

1. Obtaining a list of files by directory/folder

Furo Windows Explorer/Computer , tag C: drive. Tani waa meesha aad ka heli doonto faylasha iyo faylalka ku jira tusaha xididka ee darawalkaaga aasaasiga ah. Ka dhex raadi^(Search) faylashaada galka faylalka barnaamijka ama Documents-kayga maadaama ay kuwani yihiin 2da faylal ee caadiga ah ee laga heli karo inta badan barnaamijyadaada/dokumentiyadaada.

2. Koobiyaynta faylasha^{(2. Copying files)}

Koobiyaynta faylka waxay abuuri doontaa nuqul ka mid ah faylka la doortay. Tag faylasha/faylalka u baahan in la koobiyo. Dooro adiga oo ku dhufanaya jiirka. Si aad u doorato faylal badan, taabo furayaasha shift ama ctrl. Waxa kale oo aad ku sawiri kartaa sanduuq ku wareegsan faylasha loo baahan yahay in la xusho. Midig ku dhufo oo dooro koobi Ctrl+C waa kiiboodhka gaaban ee loo isticmaalo koobiyaynta. Nuxurka la koobiyay ayaa lagu kaydin doonaa sabuuradda oo waxaad ku dhejin kartaa faylka/faylalka goobta aad dooratay. Mar labaad^(Again) , midig-guji oo dooro paste ama isticmaal furaha gaaban ee kiiboodhka Ctrl+V si aad u dhejiso faylasha la koobiyay.

Maadaama aysan jirin laba fayl oo ku jira buug isku mid ah aysan yeelan karin magac isku mid ah, faylka nuqulku wuxuu lahaan doonaa magaca asalka ah oo leh lifaaq tiro. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad nuqul ka sameysid fayl lagu magacaabo abc.docx, nuqulku wuxuu sitaa magaca abc(1).docx ama abc-copy.docx.

Waxa kale oo aad u habayn kartaa faylasha nooc ahaan gudaha Windows Explorer . Tani waa mid waxtar leh haddii aad rabto inaad nuqul ka sameyso galalka nooc gaar ah oo keliya.

3. Dhaqdhaqaaqa faylasha iyo galka^{(3. Moving files and folders)}

Koobiyayntu^(Copying) way ka duwan tahay guuritaanka. Markaad nuqul ka samaynayso, waxaad nuqul ka samaysanaysaa faylka la doortay intaad haysanayso asalka. Dhaqaajintu waxay tuseysaa in isla faylkii loo wareejiyay meel kale. Waxa jira hal nuqul oo keliya oo ah faylka-waxaa loo raray meel ka duwan nidaamka. Waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo tan loo sameeyo. Waxaad si fudud u jiidi kartaa faylka oo aad ku ridi kartaa goobta cusub. Ama waxaad gooyn kartaa ( Shortcut Ctrl+X ) oo dheji. Hal dariiqo oo kale ayaa ah in la isticmaalo u dhaqaaqida amarka faylka. Dooro faylka, dhagsii liiska Edit oo dooro U dhaqaaq^(Move) galka ikhtiyaarka. Waxaa furmaya daaqad aad ka dooran karto goobta cusub ee faylka. Ugu dambeyntii, dhagsii badhanka dhaqaaq^(Move)

4. Magacaabista faylka^{(4. Renaming a file)}

Magaca faylka waxa lagu bedeli karaa habab kala duwan.

Dooro faylka Midig ku dhufo oo dooro Magacaabis^(Rename) . Hadda, ku qor magaca cusub.
Dooro faylka Riix F2^{(Press F2)} ( Fn+F2 kombiyuutarada qaar). Hadda ku qor magaca cusub.
Dooro faylka Guji ^(Click)File ka menu ee sare ee daaqadda. Dooro magac beddel
Guji^(Click) faylka Sug^(Wait) 1-2 sekan oo marlabaad dhag sii. Ku qor magaca cusub hadda.
Tirtirka faylka

Lagu taliyay: ^{(Recommended:)} Waa maxay Windows Update?^{(What is Windows Update?)}

Mar labaad, waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo loo tirtiro faylka. Sidoo kale, maskaxda ku hay in haddii aad tirtirto gal, dhammaan faylasha ku jira galka sidoo kale waa la tirtirayaa. Hababkan ayaa hoos lagu sharaxay.

Dooro faylka aad rabto inaad tirtirto oo tabo furaha Delete .
Dooro faylka, midig-guji, oo ka dooro tirtirka menu-ka.
Dooro faylka, dhagsii File ka menu ee sare. Guji^(Click) tirtir

Soo koobid^(Summary)

Faylka kombuyuutarku waa weelka xogta.
Faylasha waxaa lagu kaydiyaa warbaahin kala duwan sida hard drives, DVD , floppy disk, iwm.
Fayl kastaa wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyadoo ku xiran nooca macluumaadka uu kaydiyo. Qaabka waxaa lagu fahmi karaa kordhinta faylka oo ah daba-galka magaca faylka.
Hawlgalo badan ayaa lagu samayn karaa faylka sida abuurista, wax ka beddelka, nuqul ka samaynta, guuritaanka, tirtirka, iwm.

What is a Computer file? [EXPLAINED]

With reѕpect to computers, a file is a piece of information. It can be acceѕsed by the operating ѕystem or individuаl programs. The name is derived from the physical paper documents that were used in offices. Since сomputer files sеrve the same рurpоse, they are called by the same name. It can also be thought оf as a computer object that stores data. If you are using a GUI system, fіles will be displayed as icons. You can double click on аn icon to open the corresponding file.

What is a Computer file?

Computer files can vary in their format. Files that are similar in type (of information stored) are said to be of the same format. The file’s extension which is a part of the filename will tell you its format. The different types of files are – text file, data file, binary file, graphic file, etc…The classification is based on the kind of information stored in the file.

Files can have certain attributes too. For example, if a file has a read-only attribute, new information cannot be appended to the file. The filename is also one of its attributes. The filename signifies what the file is about. So, it is better to have a meaningful name. However, the name of the file in no way affects the file’s contents.

Computer Files are stored on various storage devices – hard drives, optical drives, etc… How files are organized is called the file system.

Within a directory, 2 files with the same name are not allowed. Also, certain characters cannot be used while naming a file. The following are the characters that are not accepted in a filename – / , \, <, >, :, *, ?, |. Also, certain reserved words cannot be used while naming a file. The name of the file is followed by its extension (2-4 characters).

Every OS has a file system in place to provide security to data in the files. File management can also be done manually or with the help of third-party tools.

There is a set of operations that can be performed on a file. They are:

Creating a file
Reading data
Modifying the file content
Opening the file
Closing the file

File formats

As mentioned before, the format of a file signifies the kind of content it stores. The common formats for an image file are JPEG, JPG, PNG. Text documents may have the extension docx or txt. Audio files usually belong to formats such as wav and mp3 while mp4 is an extension that video files carry. Certain files are stored in a compressed format. A zip file contains other files and folders. However, it is still considered a single file. An ISO file is used to hold information found on a disk. It is a representation of a physical disk. This is also considered as a single file.

Can a file be converted from one format to another?

It is possible to convert a file in one format to another. This is done when the previous format is not supported by a software or if you want to use the file for a different purpose. For example, a file in doc format is not recognized by a PDF reader. To open it with a PDF reader, it has to be converted to PDF format. If you want to set an mp3 audio as a ringtone on your iPhone, the audio has to be first converted to m4r so that the iPhone recognizes it as a ringtone.

Many free online converters convert files from one format to another.

Creating a file

Creation is the first operation the user performs on a file. A new Computer file is created using a pre-installed software on the computer. For example, if you want to create an image file, an image editor is used. Similarly, you would need a text editor to create a text file. After creating the file, it has to be saved. You can either save it in the default location suggested by the system or change the location according to your preference.

Also Read: What Exactly Is a File System?

To make sure that an existing file opens in a readable format, it has to be opened only through supporting applications. If you are not able to ascertain a suitable program, take note of its extension and refer online for programs that support that particular extension. Also, in Windows, you get an ‘open with’ prompt along with a list of possible applications that may support your file. Ctrl+O is the keyboard shortcut that will open the file menu and let you choose which file to open.

File storage

Data stored in files and folders are organized in a hierarchical structure. Files are stored on a variety of media ranging from hard drive to disk (DVD and floppy disk).

File management

Windows users can make use of the Windows Explorer to view, organize, and manage files. Let us now see how to perform basic operations on files like – copying, moving, renaming, deleting, and listing the files in a directory/folder.

What is a File

1. Obtaining a list of files by directory/folder

Open Windows Explorer/Computer, go to the C: drive. This is where you will find the files and folders in the root directory of your primary hard drive. Search for your files in the program files folder or My Documents as these are the 2 common folders where the majority of your programs/documents can be found.

2. Copying files

Copying a file will create a duplicate of the chosen file. Go to the files/folders that need to be copied. Select them by clicking them with the mouse. To select multiple files, press the shift or ctrl keys. You may also draw a box around the files that need to be selected. Right-click and select copy. Ctrl+C is the keyboard shortcut used for copying. The copied content will be stored in the clipboard and you can paste the file(s)/folder(s) in the location of your choice. Again, right-click and select paste or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+V to paste the copied files.

Since no two files in the same directory can have the same name, the duplicate file will have the name of the original with a numerical suffix. For example, if you make a copy of a file named abc.docx, the duplicate will bear the name abc(1).docx or abc-copy.docx.

You can also sort the files by type in the Windows Explorer. This is helpful if you want to copy files of a certain type only.

3. Moving files and folders

Copying is different from moving. While copying, you duplicate the selected file while retaining the original. Moving implies that the same file is being shifted to a different location. There is only one copy of the file– it is moved to a different location in the system. There are several methods to do this. You can simply drag the file and drop it in its new location. Or you could cut (shortcut Ctrl+X) and paste. One more way is to use the move to folder command. Select the file, click on the Edit menu and select the Move to folder option. A window opens up where you can select the new location of the file. Finally, click on the Move button.

4. Renaming a file

The name of a file can be changed using different methods.

Select the file. Right-click and select Rename. Now, type the new name.
Select the file. Press F2 (Fn+F2 on some laptops). Now type the new name.
Select the file. Click on File from the menu at the top of the window. Select rename.
Click on the file. Wait for 1-2 seconds and click again. Type the new name now.
Deleting a file

Recommended: What is Windows Update?

Again, there are a couple of methods for deleting a file. Also, keep in mind that if you delete a folder, all the files in the folder get deleted as well. These methods are described below.

Select the file you wish to delete and press the Delete key.
Select the file, right-click, and select delete from the menu.
Select the file, click on File from the menu at the top. Click on delete.

Summary

A computer file is a container for data.
Files are stored on various media like hard drives, DVD, floppy disk, etc…
Each file has a format depending on the kind of content it stores. The format can be understood by the file extension which is the suffix of the filename.
Many operations can be performed on a file such as creation, modification, copying, moving, deletion, etc.

Mark Kim

About the author

Waxaan ahay injineer software iyo sahamiye. Waxaan khibrad u leeyahay labada Microsoft Xbox 360 iyo Google Explorer. Waxaan awoodaa inaan bixiyo talooyinka khabiirada ee qalabyada horumarinta software-ka qaarkood, iyo sidoo kale inaan caawiyo dadka inay cilad-saaraan khaladaadka Explorer ee caadiga ah.