Musuqmaasuqa faylku^(File) waa nooc ka mid ah dhaawac shil ah ama aan la qorshayn oo soo gaadhay xogta ku jirta faylka. Musuqmaasuqa faylku^(File) wuxuu leeyahay qaabab badan wuxuuna ku dhacaa sababo kala duwan, laakiin natiijadu waa isku mid: ma akhrin kartid xogtaada.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, waad beddeli kartaa ama dib u hagaajin kartaa musuqmaasuqa faylka, laakiin taasi mar walba suurtagal maaha. Way fiicantahay in la fahmo sababta musuqmaasuqu u dhici karo iyo sida aad uga ilaalin karto.

Maxay ka dhigan^(Mean) tahay in faylasha^(Files) la musuqmaasuqo?

"faylka" waa ururin xogta la xidhiidha oo ay tahay in loo akhriyo unug ahaan, oo u qoran qaab fayl gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, dhammaan xogta ku jirta faylka Microsoft Office Word waxay la xiriiraan dukumeentiga Word ee aad abuurtay oo aad ku kaydisay qaabka faylka .docx . Haddii kala badh faylka si lama filaan ah aan loo akhriyi karin, waxa laga yaabaa inaadan awoodin inaad furto dukumeentigaaga. Xitaa haddii aad awooddo, macluumaad badan ayaa ka maqnaan doona. Sidoo kale^(Likewise) , xaashida xaashida Excel ee leh qiyamka random ee maqan ama la bedelay waa wax aan qiimo lahayn.

Fayl kasta oo kombiyuutarku wuxuu ka kooban yahay koodka binary code. Waa xadhkaha kow iyo eber oo loo qaybiyay qaybo qaybo ah, kuwaas oo u taagan xogta sida xaraf.

Koodhka ASCII , xarafka "A" waxaa u taagan code-ka binary code 01000001. Haddii aan bedelno hal xoogaa, sida 1 u dambeeya 0, markaas "A" wuxuu noqonayaa "@"!

Tani waa sida musuqmaasuqu u shaqeeyo heer aasaasi ah. Qiimaha bits ee gudaha faylka waa la beddelaa ama la tirtiraa, taasoo horseedaysa fayl aan la akhrin karin ama qayb ahaan la akhriyi karo oo keliya.

Sida loo Oggo in Faylku Musuqmaasuqay^{(File Corruption Has)}

Musuqmaasuqa faylku wuxuu yeelan karaa calaamado kala duwan, taasoo ku xidhan faylalka la kharribay iyo sida ay muhiimka u yihiin.

Khaladaadka CRC^{(CRC Errors)}

Hubinta dib-u-celinta ^{(Redundancy Check)}wareegga^(CRC) wareegga ( CRC ) waxay hubisaa in faylka uu dhammaystiran yahay oo si sax ah loo kaydiyay. CRC^(CRCs) -yadu waxay adeegsadaan qaacido xogta ku jirta feylkii asalka ahaa, taasoo natiijadeedu tahay tiro ahaan soo saarid ahaan. Haddii aad ku dabaqdo isla qaacido isku mid ah nuqul ka mid ah faylkaas, lambarkaasi waa inuu isku mid noqdaa. Haddii lambarku ka duwan yahay, waxaad la macaamilaysaa fayl burburay ama la beddelay.

Inta badan waxaad arki doontaa qaladkan markaad isku dayeyso inaad nuqul ka sameyso xogta diskka indhaha ee dhaawacan ama darawal adag oo dhimanaya, laakiin abka badan ayaa ku siin kara qalad CRC marka ay iskood u hubiyaan faylashooda miiska qiimaha saxda ah.

Khaladaadka Furitaanka faylka^{(File Opening Errors)}

Haddii faylku xumaado, ma furmi doono ama waxa uu ku furmayaa natiijooyin la xaday. Noocyada faylalka qaarkood waa la shubaa oo xoogaa u dulqaadan kara waxyeello. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad haysatid fayl fiidiyoow ah oo leh qaar ka mid ah musuqmaasuqa, barnaamijyada ciyaartoyga warbaahinta ayaa laga yaabaa inay muujiyaan kala-goyn ama af-lagaado, laakiin haddii kale, ciyaar faylka oo dhan.

Noocyada kale ee faylasha, sida barnaamijyada la fulin karo, waa inay noqdaan 100% oo dhan, ama barnaamijku ma bilaaban doono.

Iyo noocyada kale ee faylalka, sida dukumentiyada aad abuurtay, way furmi karaan laakiin way ka maqnaan karaan macluumaadka muhiimka ah, sida qiimaha dhabta ah ee dukumeentiga ama qaabaynta. 

Dhaqannada qariibka ah iyo khaladaadka^{(Strange Behaviors and Glitches)}

Marka agabka ama dejinta faylalka uu codsigu u baahan yahay ay xumaadaan, waxa laga yaabaa inay si hoose u soo baxaan. Barnaamijku qasab maaha inuu ku guuldareysto inuu bilaabo, laakiin qaar ka mid ah qaybaha hoose ee ku tiirsan faylalkaas waxay ku siin karaan khaladaad, waxba ma samayn karaan, ama burburin karaan codsiga oo dhan.

Shilalka Nidaamka iyo Degenaansho La'aanta^{(System Crashes and Instability)}

Markaad hesho faylalka nidaamka kharribmay, waxay si aasaasi ah u saameyn kartaa kombiyuutarkaaga. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad si lama filaan ah u hesho BSOD^(BSODs) -yada ( Shaashadda Buluugga^{(Blue Screen)} ah ee Dhimashada^(Death) ) kombuyuutarku ku dhaco ama aad leedahay nidaam ku dheggan ama aan u shaqayn sidii loogu talagalay. Faylka khatarta^(Critical) ah ee musuqmaasuqa noocan ahi waa kan ugu xun wuxuuna inta badan tilmaami karaa dhibaato daran oo qalabkaaga ah xaalado badan.

Waa maxay sababta uu u dhaco musuqmaasuqa faylka?

Hadda waanu ognahay waxa uu musuqmaasuqu yahay, laakiin sidee buu u dhacaa? 

In kasta oo musuqmaasuqu yahay uun beddelka qiyamka waxoogaa fowdo iyo burbur, sababaha isbeddellada qiyamku aad ayay u kala duwan yihiin. Tani waxay u badan tahay sababtoo ah warbaahinta kombuyuutarku waxay ku timaadaa qaabab badan oo kala duwan waxayna u kaydisaa lambarada binary siyaalo kala duwan.

Korontada Degdega ah oo Lumay^{(Sudden Power Loss)}

Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu badan ee qalabka kaydinta uu la kulmo musuqmaasuqa faylka ayaa ah koronto degdeg ah oo go'day. Tani waxay si gaar ah run u tahay darawallada adag ee makaanikada ah, halkaas oo goynta awoodda marka la qorayo saxanka ay tirtiri karto xogta. Waagii hore, akhriska/qorista madaxa saxanka ayaa ku dhici kara saxanka haddii ay lumiyaan awoodda, laakiin darawalada casriga ah ayaa weli si ammaan ah u "dhigi kara" madaxooda xitaa marka korontadu si lama filaan ah u baxdo.

Tani macnaheedu maaha in mishiinnada ama darawallada adag ee gobolka ay yihiin kuwo aan khatar u ahayn musuqmaasuqa iyada oo loo marayo luminta xogta. Haddii darawalku uu si firfircoon u qori lahaa xogta markii korontadu ka baxday, kaliya qayb ka mid ah faylka ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku dhejiso saxanka. Labada nooc ee darawaladu waxay isticmaalaan xusuusta kaydka ah ee kacsan. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in xogta ku jirta iyaga ay lunto haddii korontadu ay baxdo.

Guuldarada Hardware^{(Hardware Failure)}

Dhammaan warbaahinta kaydinta ayaa leh cimri xaddidan. Way daali karaan ama bilaabi karaan inay xumaadaan. Marmarka qaarkood, guuldaradani waxay u dhacdaa si tartiib tartiib ah waqti ka dib, mararka qaarkoodna, waa lama filaan. Qof kasta oo la tacaalaya saxannada adag ee makaanikada ahi waxa uu garanayaa "riix dhimashada" cabsida leh ee darawallada badani sameeyaan ka hor intaysan dhiman wax yar ka dib.

Ma aha oo kaliya hard drives, sidoo kale. RAM^{(Faulty RAM)} -ka khaldan wuxuu sababi karaa musuqmaasuqa xogta sida qiyamka khaldan loo qoray saxanka, saxanadaha indhaha ee la xoqay waxay noqon karaan kuwo aan la akhriyi karin iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay dhaawaca jireed, iyo wixii la mid ah.

Malware

Malware waxa ku jira software kasta oo la qoray oo ula kac ah ujeedo xaasidnimo ah. Musuqmaasuqa xogta^(Data) ama burburinta ka timaadda caabuqa malware waxay noqon kartaa qaab nashqad ama shil. Qorayaasha Malware^(Malware) ma hayaan dhiirigelin badan si ay u burburiyaan xogtaada inta badan. Taa beddelkeeda, waxay ku haysan lahaayeen lacag ( ransomware) ama ay xadaan si ay suuq madow ugu iibiyaan.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, malware waxaa loo qoraa si fudud si loogu beero fowdo iyo burburin. Malware loogu talagalay in lagu kharribo ama la burburiyo xogta inta badan waxay u samaysaa si aan macquul ahayn in laga soo kabsado.

Ka-hortagga iyo ka-noqoshada Musuqmaasuqa Faylka^(File)

Had iyo jeer way fiican tahay in laga hortago in musuqmaasuqa uu marka hore kugu saameeyo, laakiin waxaa jira siyaabo aad dib ugu noqon karto xaaladaha qaarkood.

Ka hubi saxanka khaladaadka^{(Check Disks for Errors)}

Waxaad isticmaali kartaa noocyada kala duwan ee Microsoft Windows^{(Microsoft Windows)} iyo utilities qolo saddexaad si aad u hubiso khaladaadka hadda jira sida qaybaha xun ee darawalladaada. Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa utilities si aad u baadho diiwaanka hawlgalinta darawalka si aad u saadaaliso in guuldaradu ay dhowdahay iyo in kale, taas oo ku siinaysa wakhti aad xogtaas u guurto meel kale.

Fiiri sida loo hubiyo Khaladaadka Hard Drive-kaaga si aad u^{(How to Check Your Hard Drive for Errors)} hesho tilmaamo faahfaahsan.

Samee Backups Soo noqnoqda^{(Make Frequent Backups)}

Xogta " Kabtayn^(Backing) " waxay qeexaysaa dhaqamo kala duwan oo kala duwan. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah xiridda dhammaan darawalkaaga haddii ay dhacdo inuu guuldareysto, abuurista kaydka faylka ZIP , ku-celinta faylalka gaarka ah ee daruuraha, si toos ah u samaynta kobcin kordhinta wadista dibadda, iyo in ka badan. Haddii aad haysatid kayd xog dhawaan, markaas musuq-maasuqu wuxuu noqdaa wax laga xumaado oo aan ahayn musiibo.

Haddii aad rabto inaad wax badan ka ogaato samaynta kaydka, waxaanu haynaa dhawr tilmaamood oo qiimo leh:

• Samee Windows 10 Nidaamka Kaabta Sawirka^{(Create a Windows 10 System Image Backup)}
• Sida Loo Sameeyo Nidaamka Kaabta Tooska ah ee Daaqadaha^{(How To Set Up An Automatic Backup System For Windows)}
• Sida si toos ah loogu kaydiyo faylasha Google Drive ama OneDrive^{(How to Automatically Backup Files to Google Drive or OneDrive)}
• Hagaha OTT ee Kaabta, Sawirada Nidaamka, iyo Soo kabashada gudaha Windows 10^{(OTT Guide to Backups, System Images, and Recovery in Windows 10)}

Kuwani waa inay kaa daboolaan kaydinta nidaamyada casriga ah ee Windows , laakiin isticmaalayaasha macOS waxay hubin karaan hagaha Mashiinka Waqtiga^{(Time Machine guide)} .

Taxaddar dheeraad ah, waxaad sidoo kale gacanta ku abuuri kartaa barta Soo celinta Nidaamka^{(manually create a System Restore point)} si aad dib ugu noqotid noocii hore ee rakibaadda Windows ka hor inta aysan isbeddelin faylka wax duminaya ee aan la xiriirin cilladda hardware.

Isticmaal Astaamaha Xaqiijinta Faylka^{(Use File Verification Features)}

Qaar ka mid ah macaamiisha software ayaa sidoo kale wadi kara hawlgallada xaqiijinta faylka. Tusaale ahaan, macmiilka ciyaarta fiidyaha ee Steam waxa uu eegi karaa ^(Steam)in faylalka ciyaarta wax laga beddelay^{(check whether a game’s files have been altered)} oo uu soo celin karaa xogta asalka ah ee nuqul online ah.

Ka saar darawallada ka hor inta aanad saarin^{(Eject Drives Before Removing Them)}

Iyada oo aan loo eegin nooca saxanka ama nidaamka hawlgalka, waa in aad saartaa darawallada ka hor inta aanad furin. Ugu yaraan, sug ilaa inta nalka dhaqdhaqaaqa diskooga uu joogsanayo ka hor inta aan la furin, laakiin sida ugu habboon, qaado hal ama laba ilbiriqsi si aad u saarto flash drive ama disk adag oo dibadda ah.

Isticmaal Software Antivirus^{(Use Antivirus Software)}

Haddii aadan rabin musuqmaasuqa la xiriira malware, isticmaal software antivirus. Waxaa jira dhowr ikhtiyaar oo loogu talagalay Windows , macOS , iyo Linux .

Isticmaal Hubiyaha Faylka Nidaamka (SFC)^{(Use the System File Checker (SFC))}

Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxaad go'aamin kartaa haddii musuqmaasuqu ku dhacay faylashaada oo^{(and )} si toos ah u hagaajiso. Windows waxay leedahay dhowr qalab oo lagu dayactiro faylalka si loo hagaajiyo faylalka nidaamka Windows ee xumaaday, sida Hubiyaha Faylka Nidaamka^{(System File Checker)} . Waxaad ka heli kartaa faahfaahinta saxda ah ee hagahayaga Isticmaalka Amarrada Degdegga ah si loo hagaajiyo ama loo hagaajiyo faylasha musuqmaasuqa^{(Using the Command Prompt Commands to Fix or Repair Corrupt Files)} , kaas oo sidoo kale daboolaya qalabka ^{( tool)}DISM iyo amarka SCANNOW . Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad tijaabiso amarka CHKDSK ee ogaanshaha khaladaadka wadista.

Kharashka Soo kabashada Xogta^{(Pay For Data Recovery)}

Habka ugu dambeeya waa in la helo software soo kabashada faylalka gaarka ah (ku dhawaad ​​had iyo jeer lacag) ama shaqaaleysiiso shirkad soo kabasho xogta si aad dib ugu dhisto inta ugu badan ee xogtaada ah. Tani waa mid aad qaali u ah oo kaliya oo mudan in la sameeyo haddii qiimaha xogta ay ka badan tahay kharashka soo kabashada. Markaa inta badan way mudan tahay in la xalliyo waxyaabaha ka hor inta aanad soo bixin kaarka deynta si aad u iibsato software dayactirka faylka.

Haddii aadan la kulmin musuqmaasuqa xogta, kama daahin inaad hirgeliso qaar ka mid ah tallaabooyinka ka hortagga ah ee aan kor ku taxnay. Xataa haddii loogu talagalay xogtaada ugu qiimaha badan oo aan la beddeli karin.

What Is a Corrupted File and How Can I Fix It?

File corruption is a form of accidentаl or unintended damage to the data in a filе. File corruption comes in many shapes and happens for various reasons, but the result is the same: you can’t rеad your data.

In some cases, you can reverse or repair file corruption, but that’s not always possible. It’s better to understand why corruption can happen and how you might be able to safeguard against it.

What Does It Mean for Files to be Corrupted?

A “file” is a collection of related data that should be read as a unit, written in a specific file format. For example, all the data in a Microsoft Office Word file is related to the Word document you created and stored in the .docx file format. If half the file were suddenly unreadable, you probably wouldn’t be able to open your document. Even if you could, lots of information would be missing. Likewise, an Excel spreadsheet with random values missing or changed would be worthless.

Any computer file consists of binary code. It’s a string of ones and zeros grouped into sets of bits, which represent data such as a letter.

In ASCII code, the letter “A” is represented by the binary code 01000001. If we change a single bit, such as the last 1 into a 0, then the “A” becomes an “@”!

This is how corruption works at a basic level. The values of bits inside a file are changed or erased, leading to an unreadable or only partially readable file.

How to Tell if File Corruption Has Occurred

File corruption can have various symptoms, depending on which files have been corrupted and how important they are.

CRC Errors

Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checks whether a file is whole and correctly stored. CRCs apply a formula to the data in the original pristine file, which results in a number as the output. If you apply the same formula to any copy of that file, that number should be the same. If the number is different, you’re dealing with a damaged or altered file.

You’ll most often see this error when trying to copy data from a damaged optical disk or dying hard drive, but many apps can give a CRC error when they self-check their files against a table of correct values.

File Opening Errors

If a file is corrupted, it either won’t open or will open with garbled results. Some file types are streamed and somewhat tolerant to damage. For example, if you have a video file with some corruption, media player apps may show picture breakup or stutter, but otherwise, play the entire file.

Other types of files, such as program executables, have to be 100% whole, or the program will not start.

And other file types, such as documents you’ve created, may open but be missing vital information, such as actual values from the document or formatting. 

Strange Behaviors and Glitches

When resource or settings files that an application needs become corrupted, they may show up more subtly. The program won’t necessarily fail to start, but some subcomponents that rely on those files could give errors, do nothing, or crash the whole application.

System Crashes and Instability

When you get corrupted system files, it can fundamentally affect your computer. You may get sudden seemingly random BSODs (Blue Screen of Death) computer crashes or have a system that hangs or doesn’t work the way it’s meant to. Critical file corruption of this type is the most devastating and can often point to a severe problem with your hardware in many cases.

Why Does File Corruption Happen?

Now we know what corruption is, but how does it happen? 

Although corruption is just the alteration of bit values chaotically and destructively, the causes of those changing values vary a great deal. This is mainly because computer media comes in many different forms and stores binary digits in very different ways.

Sudden Power Loss

One of the most common reasons a storage device experiences file corruption is a sudden power outage. This is especially true of mechanical hard drives, where cutting the power while writing to the disk can wipe out data. In the past, the read/write head of the disk could crash into the platter if they lost power, but modern drives can still safely “park” their heads even when the power suddenly goes out.

This does not mean that mechanical or solid-state drives are impervious to corruption through data loss. If the drive was actively writing data when the power went out, only part of the file might have made it into the disk. Both types of drives use volatile cache memory. This means the data inside them is lost if the power goes out.

Hardware Failure

All storage media have limited lifespans. They can wear out or begin to malfunction. Sometimes, this failure happens slowly over time, and sometimes, it’s sudden. Anyone who has dealt with mechanical hard disks knows the dreaded “click of death” many drives make before dying a short while later.

It’s not just hard drives, either. Faulty RAM can cause data corruption as the wrong values are written to the disk, scratched optical disks can be unreadable thanks to the physical damage, and so on.

Malware

Malware includes any software written with deliberate malicious intent. Data corruption or destruction resulting from malware infection can be by design or by accident. Malware authors don’t have much motivation to destroy your data for the most part. Instead, they’d hold it hostage for money (ransomware) or steal it to sell on the black market.

In some cases, malware is written simply to sow chaos and destruction. Malware designed to corrupt or destroy data usually does so in a way that’s virtually impossible to recover.

Preventing and Reversing File Corruption

It’s always better to prevent corruption from affecting you in the first place, but there are also ways to reverse it in some cases.

Check Disks for Errors

You can use various Microsoft Windows and third-party utilities to check for current errors such as bad sectors on your drives. You can also use utilities to diagnose the drive’s operational logs to predict whether the failure is imminent, giving you time to move that data elsewhere.

Check out How to Check Your Hard Drive for Errors for detailed instructions.

Make Frequent Backups

“Backing up” data describes a wide variety of practices. These include cloning your entire drive in case it fails, creating ZIP file archives, backing up specific files to the cloud, automatically making incremental backups to an external drive, and more. If you have recent data backups, then corruption becomes an annoyance rather than a disaster.

If you want to know more about making backups, we have several valuable guides:

• Create a Windows 10 System Image Backup
• How To Set Up An Automatic Backup System For Windows
• How to Automatically Backup Files to Google Drive or OneDrive
• OTT Guide to Backups, System Images, and Recovery in Windows 10

These should have you covered for backups on modern Windows systems, but macOS users can check out our Time Machine guide.

As an added precaution, you can also manually create a System Restore point to roll back to a previous version of your Windows installation before destructive file changes not related to hardware failure.

Use File Verification Features

Some software clients can also run file verification operations. For example, the Steam video game client can check whether a game’s files have been altered and restore the original data from a master online copy.

Eject Drives Before Removing Them

Regardless of the disk type or operating system, you should eject drives before unplugging them. At the very least, wait until the disk activity light has stopped before unplugging it, but ideally, take a second or two to eject a flash drive or external hard disk.

Use Antivirus Software

If you don’t want malware-related corruption, use antivirus software. There are several options for Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Use the System File Checker (SFC)

In some cases, you can determine if corruption has happened to your files and repair them automatically. Windows has several file repair tools to fix corrupted Windows system files, such as the System File Checker. You can get the exact details in our guide to Using the Command Prompt Commands to Fix or Repair Corrupt Files, which also covers the DISM tool and SCANNOW command. You may also want to try the CHKDSK command for drive error detection.

Pay For Data Recovery

The last resort is to get specialized file recovery software (almost always paid) or hire a data recovery company to reconstruct as much of your data as possible. This is very expensive and only worth doing if the value of the data far exceeds the cost of recovery. So it’s usually worth troubleshooting things before pulling out your credit card to buy file repair software.

If you haven’t experienced data corruption, it’s not too late to implement some preventative measures we listed above. Even if only for your most valuable and irreplaceable data.

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