Hadday^(Whether) tahay nidaamkaaga ama riwaayadaha dembiyada ee leh curiyaha amniga internetka, shaki kuma jiro inaad maqashay ereyga "firewall." Dab-damiskaagu waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah amniga kombiyuutarkaaga wuxuuna kaa caawinayaa inaad ilaaliso xidhiidhada aan loo baahnayn, tuugada suurtagalka ah, iyo wax ka badan.

Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo dab-damis ah iyo amniga shabakada. Si aad u fahamto sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo ilaaliyo xogtaada shakhsiyeed, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad marka hore ogaato waxa uu yahay firewall iyo waxa loogu talagalay.

Waa maxay Firewall?^{(What Is a Firewall?)}

Dab-damisku waxa loogu magac daray gidaarada gudaha ee laga helo guryo badan oo isku xidhan kuwaas oo ka ilaaliya in uu dabku dhex maro meelaha bannaan ee guri ilaa kan xiga. Si la mid ah si la mid ah, kombayuutarkaaga dabkiisa ayaa isha ku haya taraafikada shabakadaada wuxuuna xannibaa isku xirka aan la fasaxin^{(blocks unauthorized connections)} .

Ereyga ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka soo muuqday filimka 1983 ee WarGames , ka hor inta aan waligeed loo isticmaalin xisaabinta dhabta ah. In kasta oo aysan caddayn markii ugu horreysay ee ereyga si rasmi ah loo isticmaalo, way fududahay in la arko isbeddelka ereyga.

Dhammaadkii 80-aadkii, router-ka ammaanka shabakadu waxa ay shaandheyn karaan macluumaadka sidii nooc hore oo ammaanka shabakadda ah. Ilaa wakhtigaas, noocyo badan oo dab-damis ah ayaa soo baxay, kuwaas oo mid kastaa u adeego ujeedo kale oo la xidhiidha amniga internetka.

Noocyada Firewalls^{(Types of Firewalls)}

Waxaa jira asal ahaan lix nooc oo kala duwan oo dab-damis ah. Dab-damisyada oo dhami waa kuwo software-ku-saleysan ama dab-damis ku-saleysan hardware-ka^{(hardware-based firewalls)} . Inta badan noocyada hoos lagu sheegay asal ahaan waxay ku xiran yihiin sida sharciyada dab-damiska iyo sifooyinka u shaqeeyaan, ha ahaato software ama hardware.

Firewall Virtual^{(Virtual Firewall)}

Dab-damiska casriga ah waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa dab-damiska. Kani waa nooc ka mid ah ilaalinta shabakadaha ee lagu isticmaalo jawiga “virtual”, sida daruuraha ama mashiinka la taaban karo. Dab-damisyadani waxay u shaqeeyaan si la mid ah qalabka dab-damiska, laakiin waxay awoodaan in si fiican loo habeeyo si ay ugu habboonaadaan codsiga.

Dab-damiska casriga ah wuxuu noqon karaa mid codsi gaar ah u gaar ah, taas oo uu u shaqayn karo hal codsi oo gaar ah oo aan wax kale ahayn. Isticmaalka kale, waxay ka ilaalin kartaa deegaanka daruuraha taraafikada aan la ogolayn. Tusaale ahaan, adeeg sida DropBox ama iCloud ayaa isticmaali doona dab-demiye si uu uga ilaaliyo faragelinta.

Proxy Firewall

Dab-damiska wakiilku waa hore, nooc hore oo dab-damis ah kaas oo ka maqan sifooyinka aadka u horumarsan ee xalalka amniga shabakadaha casriga ah. Inta badan, firewall-ka wakiilku wuxuu ilaaliyaa taraafikada inta u dhaxaysa barta A iyo barta B oo leh filtarrada aasaasiga ah.

Dab-damiska wakiilku wuxuu la socon doona taraafikada soo galaya iyo midka baxaya labadaba wuxuuna xannibi doonaa xiriir kasta oo aan la oggolayn. Marka la eego farsamooyin badan, dab-demiska wakiilku wuxuu xannibaa isku xirka lakabka codsiga, halkii uu ka ahaan lahaa shabakadda ama lakabka gaadiidka. 

Firewall Midaysan Maareynta Khatarta^{(Unified Threat Management Firewall)}

Dab -damiska Maareynta Halista Midaysan^{(Unified Threat Management Firewall)} , ama UTM -da- fure, waxa uu isku daraa shaqada dab-damiska iyo software ka-hortagga. Dab-damiska UTM wuxuu^(UTM) ka ilaaliyaa wax ka badan taraafikada aan la ogolayn iyo kormeerida khataraha kala duwan ee kala duwan.

Dab-damiska UTM^(UTM) wuxuu kaloo la socon karaa weerarrada ku saleysan iimaylka, iyo sidoo kale hanjabaadaha ka dhasha shaqada fog. Iyada oo ay taasi jirto, dab-damisyada UTM waxaa loogu talagalay in ay sahlanaato in la isticmaalo, oo leh qorshayaal xakameyn la fududeeyay.

Firewall-ka Xiga^{(Next-Generation Firewall)}

Dab-damiska qarniga soo socda, ama NGFW , waa nooc aad u horumarsan oo xoog badan oo dab-damis ah. Meesha dab-damiska caadiga ah laga yaabo inuu diiradda saaro shaandhaynta baakadaha, NGFW wuxuu isku daraa tignoolajiyadaas ogaanshaha galitaanka horumarsan iyo astaamo kale si loo bixiyo ilaalinta heerka xiga.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, NGFWs waxay isticmaalaan sirdoon macmal ah si ay u bixiyaan ammaanka shabakad ka wanaagsan. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa inay bixiyaan heerar badan oo ilaalin ah, laakiin nooca dab-damiska ayaa u muuqda in marar badan loo isticmaalo jawiga shirkadaha ee leh shabakado waaweyn iyo xog ururin.

NGFW oo Diirada-saaran Hanjabaadda^{(Threat-Focused NGFW)}

Haddii NGFW uu yahay dab-damis aad u horumarsan, markaa NGFW -da khatarta diiradda leh ayaa ah ikhtiyaarka ugu horumarsan. Waxay leedahay wacyigelin ballaadhan oo shabakadda si ay u ogaato halka khataraha ugu weyni ay jiifaan, waxayna ka jawaabi kartaa weerarrada suurtagalka ah iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay otomaatigyada amniga ee caqliga leh.

Firewall Kormeerka Gobolka^{(Stateful Inspection Firewall)}

Firewall^{(Inspection Firewall)} -ka Dab -damiska ee Dawladeed waa nooca caadiga ah ee dab-damiska ee laga helo hababka casriga ah ee badankooda wuxuuna xannibaa taraafikada iyadoo lagu saleynayo "xaaladda" xiriirka. Tan waxaa loo yaqaan "baaritaan baakidh dawladeed," ama "shaandhaynta xirmo firfircoon."

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, firewall-ka kormeerka ah wuxuu u oggolaanayaa kaliya taraafikada la oggol yahay ee leh gobolka saxda ah inay dhex maraan oo ay xannibaan dhammaan xiriirada kale. Waxa kale oo ay la socotaa hanjabaadaha ku salaysan dekedda iyo nooca borotokoolka. 

Ma u baahan tahay Firewall?^{(Do You Need a Firewall?)}

Waagii hore ee intarneedka^(Internet) , wax aan caadi ahayn ma ahayn isticmaalayaashu in ay rakibaan dab- damisyada gaarka ah^{(their own personal firewalls)} iyaga oo ah lakab dheeraad ah oo ka ilaalinaya khataraha khadka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maalmahaas waa dheeraayeen hadda-ma ahan hanjabaad la'aan, laakiin sababtoo ah darbiyada dabka ayaa diyaar ah.

Labada Windows iyo macOS waxay bixiyaan dab-damis ku dhex jira nidaamyada hawlgalka kuwaas oo bixiya xaddi badan oo ilaalin ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, inta badan router-yada wireless-ka ayaa sidoo kale bixiya lakab kale oo ilaalin ah oo ah qaabka Turjumaadda Ciwaanka Shabakadda^{(Network Address Translation)} .

Taasi waxay tidhi, xitaa iyada oo la adeegsanayo firewall-ka ku dhex jira nidaamkaaga hawlgalka, kumbuyuutarkaagu wuxuu weli u nugul yahay shabakadaha dadweynaha. Haddii aad ku xidho Wi-Fi-ga^(Wi-Fi) madaarka ama aad ka booddid shabakad dadweyne oo ku taal dukaan kafeega, waxaad u baahan tahay wax ka badan oo kaliya dab-damiska si aad u joojiso qof sita wax wax uriya.

Haddii aad si joogto ah u isticmaasho shabakadaha Wi-Fi^(Wi-Fi) ee aan la hubin , ka fiirso inaad maalgashato shabakad khaas ah oo^{(virtual private network)} toos ah , ama VPN — waxay^(VPN—it) siraysaa macluumaadkaaga oo waxay ka ilaalinaysaa indhaha soo dhacaya. Waa habka kaliya ee aaminka ah ee lagu galo macluumaadka bangiga ama xogta xasaasiga ah inta lagu jiro shabakada dadweynaha.

Waxaad ku rakibi kartaa dab-damis dhinac saddexaad ah^{(third-party firewall)} nidaamkaaga si aad u ilaaliso, laakiin si adag looma baahna. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad rabto inaad hubiso in nidaamkaaga la ilaaliyo, waxaan haynaa liiska ugu fiican ee dab-damiska Windows 10^{(best firewalls for Windows 10)} kuwaas oo aan ahayn ^(aren’t) Windows Defender , software-ka caadiga ah ee firewall.

Mawduuca dab-demisku wuxuu si weyn ugu xiraa amniga shabakadda wuxuuna si dhakhso ah u noqon karaa mawduuc farsamo oo heersare ah, laakiin ka-qaadashadu waa tan: Firewalls waa muhiim, laakiin waxay u badan tahay inaad horeyba u heshay dhowr dab-damis iyada oo loo marayo OS-gaaga iyo routerkaaga. Kaliya^(Just) xasuusnoow, haddii aad doorato inaad damiso dab-demiyahaaga OS^{(choose to disable your OS firewall)} sabab kasta (sida cusbooneysiin ama balastar), dib u shid markaad dhammayso.

What is a Firewall and What’s Its Purpose?

Whеther on your own system or in crime dramas with a cybersecurity element, you’ve no doubt heard the term “firewall.” Your firewall is an important part of yоur cоmputer’s securitу and helps keep out unwanted connections, рotential hackers, and more.

There are different kinds of firewalls and network security. To understand how to best protect your personal data, you need to first know what a firewall is and what it’s intended for.

What Is a Firewall?

Firewalls are named for the interior walls found in many connected homes that prevent fire from moving through spaces from one home to the next. In much the same way, your computer’s firewall keeps an eye on the traffic in your network and blocks unauthorized connections.

The term first appeared in the 1983 movie WarGames, well before it was ever used in actual computing. While it’s not clear the first time the term was used officially, it’s easy to see the evolution of the term.

In the late 80s, network security routers could filter information as an early form of network security. Since that time, multiple types of firewalls have emerged, each of which serve a different purpose with regard to cyber security.

Types of Firewalls

There are essentially six different types of firewalls. All firewalls are either software-based or hardware-based firewalls. Most of the types mentioned below basically just depend on how the firewall rules and features work, either in software or in hardware.

Virtual Firewall

A virtual firewall is also known as a cloud firewall. This is a type of network protection used within a “virtual” environment, such as the cloud or within a virtualized machine. These firewalls work much like hardware firewalls, but are able to be more thoroughly customized to fit the application.

A virtual firewall can be highly application-specific, in that it can work for one specific application and nothing else. In other uses, it can protect a cloud environment from unauthorized traffic. For example, a service like DropBox or iCloud would use a virtual firewall to protect against intrusion.

Proxy Firewall

A proxy firewall is an earlier, more primitive type of firewall that lacks the more advanced features of more modern network security solutions. In most cases, a proxy firewall protects traffic between point A and point B with basic filters.

A proxy firewall will monitor both incoming and outgoing traffic and block any connection that isn’t allowed. In more technical terms, a proxy firewall blocks connections at the application layer, rather than the network or transport layer. 

Unified Threat Management Firewall

A Unified Threat Management Firewall, or a UTM firewall, combines firewall functionality with antivirus software. UTM firewalls protect against more than just unauthorized traffic and monitors for a variety of different threats.

UTM firewalls can also monitor for email-based attacks, as well as for threats borne through remote work. Despite this, UTM firewalls are designed to be easier to use, with more simplified control schemes.

Next-Generation Firewall

A next-generation firewall, or NGFW, is a much more advanced and powerful type of firewall. Where a standard firewall might focus primarily on filtering packets, a NGFW combines that technology with advanced intrusion detection and other features to provide next-level protection.

In some cases, NGFWs utilize artificial intelligence to provide better network security. This allows them to provide significantly more levels of protection, but this kind of firewall tends to be used more often in corporate environments with large networks and databases.

Threat-Focused NGFW

If a NGFW is a more advanced firewall, then a threat-focused NGFW is the most advanced option. It has broad awareness of the network to know where the largest threats lie, and it can respond to potential attacks thanks to intelligent security automations.

Stateful Inspection Firewall

A Stateful Inspection Firewall is the standard type of firewall found on most modern systems and blocks traffic based on the “state” of a connection. This is known as “stateful packet inspection,” or “dynamic packet filtering.”

In other words, a stateful inspection firewall allows only authorized traffic with the correct state to pass through and blocks all other connections. It also monitors threats based on port and protocol type. 

Do You Need a Firewall?

In the early days of the Internet, it wasn’t unusual for users to install their own personal firewalls as an added layer of protection against online threats. However, those days are long gone now—not due to lack of threats, but because firewalls are readily available.

Both Windows and macOS provide built-in firewalls in the operating systems that offer a tremendous amount of protection. On top of that, the vast majority of wireless routers also provide another layer of protection in the form of Network Address Translation.

That said, even with a built-in firewall through your operating system, your computer can still be vulnerable on public networks. If you connect to airport Wi-Fi or hop on a public network in a coffee shop, you need more than just a firewall to stop someone with a packet sniffer.

If you routinely use unsecured Wi-Fi networks, consider investing in a virtual private network, or VPN—it encrypts your information and protects it against prying eyes. It’s the only secure way to access banking information or sensitive data while on a public network.

You can install a third-party firewall on your system for added protection, but it isn’t strictly necessary. However, if you want to make sure that your system is protected, we have a list of the best firewalls for Windows 10 that aren’t Windows Defender, the default firewall software.

The topic of firewalls connects heavily to network security and can quickly become a highly technical topic, but the takeaway is this: Firewalls are important, but you probably already have access to multiple firewalls through your OS and your network router. Just remember, if you choose to disable your OS firewall for any reason (like an update or patch), turn it back on after you finish.

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