Firmware… waxay u badan tahay inaad wax ka maqashay mar uun. Waxay u egtahay magac Jarmal ah oo yaab leh, miyaanay ahayn? Laakiin waa maxay firmware? Waa maxay macnaha eraygan, sideese u qeexi lahayd firmware? Muxuu sameeyaa firmware? Sidee u shaqeeyaa firmware? Hubaal, ujeeddadeedu maaha inay ku wareerto oo keliya. Sida aad ku baran doonto casharkan, firmware-ku waxa uu muhiim u yahay agabka qalabka noocyadiisa kala duwan, laga bilaabo telefoonada casriga ah ilaa TV-yada^(TVs) smart ilaa mishiinada dharka lagu dhaqo iyo agabka kale. Si aad wax u nadiifiso oo aad uga caawiso inaad aqoon dheeraad ah u yeelato mawduucan, waxaanu ku sharxaynaa dhammaan waxyaabaha muhiimka ah ee aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato firmware-ka maqaalkan. Aan bilowno:

Waa maxay firmware? Qeexitaanka firmware^(Firmware) ee ereyo fudud

Firmware waa qayb yar oo software ah kaas oo ka dhigaya qalabku inuu u shaqeeyo sidii ay soo saaraheedu ugu tala galeen. Waxay ka kooban tahay barnaamijyo ay qoreen kuwa soo saara software-ka si ay u sameeyaan aaladaha qalabka "ku sax." Firmware la'aanteed, inta badan aaladaha elektiroonigga ah ee aan isticmaalno maalin kasta ma shaqeyn karaan. Waxba may samayn.

Tusaale ahaan, ma ogtahay in nalka taraafig ee fudud uu ku leeyahay firmware? Haa, wuu sameeyaa, firmware-kuna waa waxa u sheega inuu beddelo nalalka wakhtiyo joogto ah. Firfircooni la'aanteed, nalka taraafikku wuxuu noqon lahaa uun "doqon" mastar, oo la dhigo wadada dhinaceeda, waxba ma qabanayso marka laga reebo caajis. Waa maxay qalabka firmware-ka marka laga hadlayo aaladaha qalabaysan ee ka casrisan sida nalalka taraafigga, mishiinnada dharka dhaqda, mishiinnada kaadhka, kamaradaha ilaalinta, iyo TV-yada^(TVs) ? Firmware-ku waa dhammaan software-yada iyaga saaran, sidoo kale waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii nidaamkooda hawlgalka iyo xakamaynta wax kasta oo ku saabsan shaqada aaladahaas.

Nalalka taraafikadu waxay u baahan yihiin firmware si ay u shaqeeyaan

Si aan wax u sii caddeeyo, aan soo qaadanno tusaale kale: Motherboard-ka kumbiyuutarka oo aan lahayn firmware ma garanayo sida loo ogaado Hard Drive-ka ama kaarka muuqaalka ah ee laga dhex helay kombayutarkaga. Haddi ay adag tahay in darawaladaadu aanay ku xidhneen firmware-ka, ma garanayaan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee loo shido ama marka la joojiyo. Kaarka shabakada wirelessku ma garanayo sida loo isticmaalo soo noqnoqoshada raadiyaha gaarka ah ee ku xidhidhiyaha Wi-Fi .

Qaybo badan oo PC ah (motherboard, kaarka garaafyada, iwm) waxay u baahan yihiin firmware

Inta badan waxaan u maleynaa in aan ka fikirno qalabka qalabka sida qalab kaliya oo hardware ah. Oo waxaynu u qaadanaynaa inay keligeed shaqaynayso. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku dhawaad ​​midna qalabka qalabka casriga ah ma shaqayn doono iyada oo aan software-kan gaarka ah si toos ah loogu qorin iyaga.

Waa maxay firmware-ka Android?

Waa maxay firmware ee mobilada? Sideed u qeexi lahayd firmware-ka aaladaha leh qalab adag sida taleefannada casriga ah, tablet-yada, smartwatch-yada, ama xitaa TV-yada^(TVs) smart ? Xaaladdan oo kale, qeexid qumman oo qumman ayaa noqon doonta tan: firmware waa dhexdhexaadiyaha u dhexeeya qalabka iyo nidaamka hawlgalka^{(the firmware is the middleman between the hardware and the operating system)} .

Qalabka noocaas ah, firmware-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay kaliya tilmaamaha lagama maarmaanka u ah qalabka si uu u awoodo inuu la shaqeeyo nidaamka hawlgalka ee lagu rakibay qalabka. Tusaale ahaan, taleefanka casriga ah ee Samsung Galaxy ee leh Android , qalabka casriga ah ee casriga ah wuxuu u oggolaanayaa qalabku inuu si sax ah ula xiriiro nidaamka hawlgalka Android oo uu sameeyo waxa uu codsado isticmaaluhu.

Taleefannada casriga ah ee Android^(Android) iyo tablet-yada sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin firmware

Nasiib darro, waxaa jira dhibaato ah waxa dad badan u muuqdaan in ay aaminsan yihiin in firmware ku jira casriga Android , tablets, smartwatch, TV-yada^(TVs) smart , iyo qalabyada kale ee la mid ah mobile. Taleefannada casriga ah ee Android^(Android) iyo aaladaha mobilada ayaa adduunka qabsaday, isticmaaleyaal badanna waxay rabaan inay cusboonaysiiyaan "firmware-ka" qalabkooda, rakibo ROM^(ROMs) -yada gaarka ah , iyo wixii la mid ah. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in dadka intooda badan ay hadda si khaldan u isticmaalaan ereyga firmware marka ay tixraacayaan taleefannada casriga ah iyo aaladaha kale ee mobilada.

Sababtaas awgeed, waxaan rabnaa inaan sharaxno farsamooyinka firmware marka la tixraacayo taleefannada casriga ah iyo aaladaha mobilada, si aad wax u saxdo:

• Macnaha Firmware^(Firmware) , gaar ahaan marka laga hadlayo aaladaha leh Android , ayaa si khaldan loogu ballaariyay dhaqanka caanka ah si loo koobo dhammaan softiweerka aaladahaas. Android “ firmware” hadda macnaheedu waa firmware-ka iyo nidaamka hawlgalka Android ee korkiisa ah.
• Waxa kale oo aad la kulantaa ereyga Custom ROM . ROM macnaheedu maaha, kiiskan, xusuusta Read-Only, halkaasoo firmware-ka lagu kaydiyo qalabka casriga ah. Custom ROM waxa loola jeedaa sawir nidaamka hawlgalka ee caadaystay oo ay ku jiraan firmware-ka lagama maarmaanka u ah in talefanka casriga ah ee Android ama tablet-ka uu shaqeeyo. Markaa waxaad ka helaysaa laba shay ROM -ka casriga ah: firmware-ka, oo la mid ah qeexitaankii aynu hore u wadaagnay iyo nidaamka hawlgalka ee korka firmware-ka.
• Marka aad iibsato talefanka casriga ah, waxa uu la imanayaa “stock ROM ” ama “stock firmware.” Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa firmware-ka horay loo rakibay iyo nidaamka hawlgalka. " ROM Stock " waxaa bixiya soo saaraha talefanka casriga ah (haddii aad soo iibsatay isagoo furan) ama talefanka gacanta oo aad ka diiwaan gashan tahay (haddii aad soo iibsatay taleefan qufulan). Telefoonka gacanta ayaa isticmaala "stock ROM " oo ay bixiso shirkadda gacanta ku haysa oo wax ka beddeleysa hadba sida ay u xiisaynayso, taasoo ka dhalanaysa "stock ROM " cusub oo laga helo taleefannada casriga ah ee uu iibiyo talefankaas gacanta.

Isla sidaas oo kale ayaa loogu talagalay TV-yada^(TVs) smart , tablet-yada, iyo aaladaha kale ee mobilada ee leh Android .

Halkee lagu kaydiyaa firmware-ka?

Hadda waxaan ognahay qeexida firmware-ka waxaanan si fiican u fahannay macnaha firmware-ka. Waa software si toos ah ugu qoran aaladaha hardware-kayaga, waana qasab inay shid oo ay bilaabaan shaqada. Laakiin sida saxda ah ayaa loogu kaydiyaa qalabka? Firmware waxaa badanaa lagu kaydiyaa noocyada xusuusta gaarka ah, ee loo yaqaan flash ROM . ROM waa soo gaabinta xusuusta-Read-Only ,^(Memory) waana in xusuusta noocaan ah la qoro hal mar oo keliya, sida caadiga ah soo saaraha qalabka aan isticmaaleyno. ROM _xusuusta ayaa looga baahan yahay qalab kasta oo elegtaroonig ah sababtoo ah waa inay si joogto ah u haysaa xogta, xitaa marka aaladda la damiyo ama marka ay jirto koronto. Ma soo saari kartid qalab hardware ah oo illoobi kara firmware-kiisa, sababtoo ah wuxuu joojinayaa shaqadiisa marka aad ka soo baxdo isha tamarta.

Laakiin mar labaad, xusuusta ROM-ka ee flash-ka waa^(ROM) xusuusta ROM dib loo qori karo sababtoo ah, halka soo saaraha qalabku uu markii hore qorayo, waxaad sidoo kale dib u qori kartaa ka dib. Dabcan, waxaad ku qori kartaa firmware cusub qalab hardware ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad ku samayn kartaa oo kaliya qalab casriyeyneed sax ah oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay inuu u shaqeeyo qalabkaas.

Waa maxay noocyada firmware-ka jira?

Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho badan oo firmware ah sida ay ugu jiraan aaladaha qalabka. Motherboard-yada kombiyuutarka waxaa ku jira firmware-ka (waxaa loo yaqaan BIOS ama UEFI^{(BIOS or UEFI)} ), waxaa ku jira qalab adag oo ku jira disk-yada adag, kuwa adag-state-ka ( SSDs ), CD/DVD/Blu-Ray Drive- ka, waxaa jira qalab firmware ah oo ku jira kaararka shabakadda, router-yada, goobaha gelitaanka, fidiyeyaasha kala duwan, xitaa waxaa jira qalab firmware ah oo ku jira jiirka ciyaarahaaga iyo kiiboodhka. Kuwanuna waa uun tusaaleyaal la xidhiidha kombayutarada.

Xataa kiiboodhka ayaa ku tiirsan firmware si uu u shaqeeyo

Waa inaad xasuusataa in firmware-ka uu ku jiro inta badan aaladaha sameeya wax faa'iido leh, sida TV-gaaga, mashiinka dharka lagu dhaqo, ATM-yada^(ATMs) bangigaaga, ama xitaa gaarigaaga. Waxaad magacawday aaladda; malaha ma shaqaynayso firmware-keeda la'aanteed.

Waa maxay farqiga u dhexeeya firmware iyo darawallada?

Iyadoo labada firmware iyo darawaladu^(drivers) ay leeyihiin doorka u oggolaanaya hardware inuu sameeyo waxa laga codsaday, hal farqi oo muhiim ah ayaa ah in firmware lagu kaydiyo qalabka laftiisa, halka darawalada lagu rakibay nidaamka hawlgalka. Sidoo kale, firmware-ku iskii ayuu u bilaabi karaa oo waxa uu samayn karaa waxa loo qorsheeyay in uu sameeyo,halka darawaladuna ay tahay in ay ku shaqeeyaan nidaamka hawlgalka. Farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya labadooda ayaa ah in firmware-ka uu u sheego aaladaha waxa ay tahay inay sameeyaan, halka darawalku uu u sheego nidaamka hawlgalka sida loogula xiriiro aaladaha isku midka ah.

Ma cusboonaysiin kartaa firmware? Waa maxay update firmware?

Soosaarayaal badan ayaa siidaaya cusbooneysiinta joogtada ah ee firmware-ka laga helay qalabkooda hardware. Waxay sidoo kale bixiyaan qalabka software ee lagama maarmaanka ah si ay ugu qoraan firmware-ka cusub qalabkaas. Si kastaba ha noqotee, soo-saare kasta ayaa dooran kara inay u sii deyso firmware cusub qalab gaar ah iyo in kale. Tusaale ahaan, inta badan soosaarayaasha qaybaha kombuyuutarku waxay horumariyaan oo siiyaan macaamiisha firmware cusub iyo kuwa cusbooneysiiya firmware-ka u dhigma, ugu yaraan dhowr sano ka dib markii qalabka la bilaabay.

Cusboonaysiinta Firmware^(Firmware) ee Motherboard-ka kumbuyuutarka ( UEFI BIOS update)

Si aan tusaale kuu siiyo, soo saaraha Motherboard-ka ayaa sii dayn kara cusbooneysiin cusub oo firmware ah marka uu rabo in lagu daro astaamo cusub, taageero processor-yo cusub ama RAM , ama haddii ay ku xalliso dhibaatooyin gaar ah qalabkaaga.

Soo-saare kasta wuxuu dooran karaa inuu keeno qalab cusub oo qalabkiisa ah: router-ku wuxuu heli karaa cusbooneysiin firmware kaas oo kor u qaadaya xasiloonidiisa, qoraaga disc Blu-Ray wuxuu baran karaa sida loo gubo nooc cusub oo saxan ah, iyo wixii la mid ah.^(Blu-Ray)

Ilaa hadda halka laga helayo firmware cusub, taasi waxay kuxirantahay soo saaraha qalabkaaga. Caadiyan, waxaad ka heli kartaa firmware cusub (haddii la heli karo) shabakada taageerada qalabkaaga. Raadi bogga soo dejinta, soo deji firmware-kaaga cusub, kana taxaddar inaad raacdo dukumeenti casriyaynta soo saaraha.

Casriyeynta Firmware ee router-ka

Ku qoritaanka firmware cusub ee qalabkaaga waa shaqo khatar ah, haddii si khaldan loo sameeyo, waxay ka dhigi kartaa qalabkaaga mid aan waxtar lahayn. Waligaa! Sida leben! Taasi waa sababta dadka qaarkiis ay kuugu sheegaan inaad bulukeeti ku dhejisay qalabkaaga: waxaad burburisay firmware-keeda, mana sii shaqayn karto sidii loogu talagalay.

Haddii aad u baahan tahay xoogaa caawimo ah oo ku saabsan cusboonaysiinta firmware-ka qalabkaaga, waxaanu kugula talinaynaa hagayaasha soo socda:

• Sida loo sameeyo update firmware ah nooc kasta oo qalab ah^{(How to do a firmware update for any kind of device)}
• Sida loo cusboonaysiiyo BIOS-ka Motherboard-ka^{(How to update the BIOS of your motherboard)}

Ma qabtaa su'aalo kale oo la xiriira "waa maxay firmware"?

Oo hadda waad garanaysaa waxa firmware yahay, waxa uu qabto, iyo halka laga helay. Sharaxaadayadu ma^(Was) ku fiicnayd? Ma fahantay fikradan, oo hadda ma qeexi kartaa firmware? Weli miyaad ku wareersan tahay Android “ firmware”? Ha ka waaban inaad noo soo sheegto haddii aad hayso su'aalo kale oo ku saabsan waxa firmware ku jira qaybta faallooyinka ee hoose.

What is firmware? What does firmware do? -

Firmware… you've probably heard about it at some point. It sоunds like a weird German name, doesn't it? But what is firmware? Whаt is the meanіng of this term, and how would you define firmware? What does firmwarе do? How does firmware work? Surely, its purpose is not just to confuse you. As you will leаrn in this tutorial, the firmwarе is critical for hardware devices of all kinds, from smartphones to smart TVs to washing machіnes and other deviceѕ. To clear things out and helр уou becоmе more knowledgeable on this subject, we explain all the essentіal things you need to know about firmware in this artiсle. Let's get started:

What is firmware? Firmware definition in simple terms

Firmware is a small piece of software that makes hardware work as its manufacturer intended it to. It consists of programs written by software developers to make hardware devices "tick." Without firmware, most of the electronic devices we use daily wouldn't be able to work. They would not do anything.

For example, did you know that a simple traffic light has firmware on it? Yes, it does, and the firmware is what tells it to change the lights at regular intervals. Without firmware, the traffic light would be just a "stupid" mast, placed on the side of the road, doing nothing except looking bored. What is firmware in the case of less sophisticated hardware devices such as traffic lights, washing machines, card machines, surveillance cameras, and TVs? The firmware is all the software on them, also acting as their operating system and controlling everything about those devices’ functioning.

Traffic lights need firmware to run

To make things even clearer, let's take another example: a computer motherboard without firmware would not know how to detect the hard drive or the video card found inside your computer. If your hard drives didn't have firmware embedded in them, they wouldn't know how fast to spin or when to stop. A wireless network card wouldn't know how to use a particular radiofrequency for connecting to Wi-Fi.

Many PC components (motherboard, graphics card, etc.) need firmware

We often tend to think about a hardware device as a device that is just hardware. And we assume that it just works by itself. However, almost none of the modern hardware devices would work without this particular software written directly onto them.

What is firmware in Android?

What is firmware in mobile? How would you define firmware in devices with complex hardware such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, or even smart TVs? In this case, a fairly good firmware definition would be this: the firmware is the middleman between the hardware and the operating system.

On such devices, the firmware contains only the necessary instructions for the hardware to be able to work with the operating system installed on the device. For example, on a Samsung Galaxy smartphone with Android, the smartphone’s firmware allows the hardware to communicate correctly with the Android operating system and do what is requested by the user.

Android smartphones and tablets also have firmware

Unfortunately, there’s a problem with what many people tend to believe the firmware is in Android smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, smart TVs, and other similar mobile devices. Android smartphones and mobile devices have conquered the world, and many users want to update the “firmware” on their devices, install custom ROMs, and so on. The problem is that most people now incorrectly use the term firmware when they refer to smartphones and other mobile devices.

Because of that, we want to explain the technicalities of firmware when referring to smartphones and mobile devices, so that you get things right:

• Firmware meaning, especially when speaking about devices with Android, has been incorrectly expanded in popular culture to encompass all the software on those devices. Android “firmware" now means the firmware plus the Android operating system on top of it.
• You also encounter the term Custom ROM. ROM doesn’t mean, in this case, the Read-Only Memory, where the firmware is stored in the smartphone’s hardware. Custom ROM means a custom operating system image that also includes the firmware necessary for the Android smartphone or tablet to work. So you get two things in the ROM of a smartphone: the firmware, which is the same as in the definition we shared earlier, and the operating system on top of the firmware.
• When you buy a smartphone, it comes with a “stock ROM” or “stock firmware.” This refers to the preinstalled firmware and operating system. The “stock ROM” is provided by the manufacturer of the smartphone (if you have bought it unlocked) or by the mobile operator where you have a subscription (if you purchased a locked smartphone). The mobile operator uses the “stock ROM” that is offered by your smartphone’s manufacturer and modifies it according to their interests, resulting in a new “stock ROM” that is found only on the smartphones that are sold by that mobile operator.

The same goes for smart TVs, tablets, and other mobile devices with Android.

Where is the firmware stored?

We now know the firmware definition and have a better grasp of the meaning of firmware. It’s software written directly into our hardware devices, mandatory for them to power on and start working. But how exactly is it stored on a device? Firmware is usually stored in special types of memory, called flash ROM. ROM is the acronym for Read-Only Memory, and this kind of memory should only be written once, usually by the manufacturer of the hardware that we are using. A ROM memory is needed for any electronic device because it must hold data permanently, even when the device is turned off or when there is a power outage. You can't produce a hardware device that forgets its firmware, as it would cease to function once you pull out its source of energy.

But then again, flash ROM memory is a rewritable ROM memory because, while the hardware manufacturer initially writes it, you can also rewrite it afterward. Of course, you can write new firmware onto a hardware device. However, you can only do it with a proper firmware updating tool specially designed to work for that hardware device.

What types of firmware are there?

There is as much variety in firmware as there is in hardware devices. There's firmware in computer motherboards (it's called BIOS or UEFI), there's firmware in hard disks, solid-state drives (SSDs), CD/DVD/Blu-Ray drives, there's firmware in network cards, routers, access points, range extenders, there's even firmware in your gaming mouse and keyboard. And these are just some examples related to computers.

Even keyboards rely on firmware to run

You should remember that firmware exists in most of the devices that do something useful, like your TV, washing machine, the ATMs of your bank, or even in your car. You name the device; it probably wouldn't work without its firmware.

What is the difference between firmware and drivers?

While both firmware and drivers have the role of allowing hardware to do what is requested of it, one important difference is that firmware is stored on the hardware device itself, while drivers are installed inside the operating system. Also, firmware can start on its own and do what it is programmed to do, while drivers must be run by the operating system. The most significant difference between the two is that the firmware tells the devices what they should do, while the driver tells the operating system how to communicate with the same devices.

Can you upgrade firmware? What is firmware update?

Many manufacturers release regular updates for the firmware found on their hardware devices. They also provide the necessary software tools to write the new firmware onto those devices. However, each manufacturer can choose whether it releases new firmware for an individual device or not. For instance, most computer parts manufacturers develop and provide customers with new firmware and the corresponding firmware updaters, for at least for a few years after the device was launched.

Firmware update for a computer motherboard (UEFI BIOS update)

To give you an example, your motherboard’s manufacturer can release new firmware updates when it wants to include new features, support new processors or RAM, or if it solves specific problems with your hardware.

Any manufacturer can choose to deliver new firmware for its devices: a router can receive a firmware update that enhances its stability, a Blu-Ray disc writer can learn how to burn new types of discs, and so on.

As far as where to get new firmware from, that depends on your hardware device manufacturer. Usually, you can find new firmware (if available) on your device's support website. Look for a download page, download your new firmware, and be careful to follow the device manufacturer’s upgrade documentation.

Firmware upgrade for a router

Writing new firmware on your device is a dangerous job and, if done incorrectly, can render your device useless. Forever! Like a brick! That's why some people tell you that you bricked your device: you just ruined its firmware, and it can no longer function as it was intended to.

If you need some help with updating the firmware on your devices, we recommend the following guides:

• How to do a firmware update for any kind of device
• How to update the BIOS of your motherboard

Do you have any other questions related to “what is firmware”?

And now you know what firmware is, what it does, and where it's found. Was our explanation good enough? Do you understand this concept, and can you define firmware now? Are you still confused by Android “firmware"? Don't hesitate to let us know if you have any other questions regarding what firmware is in the comments section below.

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