Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la kulantay ogeysiisyo oggolaansho oo ku yaal boggaga internetka ee aad booqato oo ku weydiinaya inaad u oggolaato cookies-ka websaydhka. Markaad ogolaato cookies-ka, waxay u dhaqmaan sidii wakiilo xog ururin ah oo ka caawiya xayaysiiyayaasha inay meel dhigaan xayeysiisyada ku habboon baahiyahaaga ama waxaad jeceshahay.

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, miyaad la yaabtay sida aad u aragto xayeysiis alaab ama qayb gaar ah oo aad ka raadisay Amazon ama dukaamada kale ee eCommerce onlaynka ah? Tani waxay suurtogal ku tahay oo kaliya raadinta iyo xogta ay cookies-ka qolofka saddexaad ee browser-kaaga ururiyaan.

Xogta ay ururiyaan cookies-ka qolo saddexaad waxay gacan ka geysataa abuurista astaanta dhijitaalka ah si ay kugu bartilmaameedsato xayeysiisyada ku habboon kuwa aad jeceshahay. Xayeysiyeyaashu waxay xogta ay u baahan yihiin ku helayaan cookies-ka dhinac saddexaad. Waxaa soo baxay su'aasha ah meesha aad ka fikirto sirnimada. Qarsoodidaada waxaa wax u dhimay cookies-kaas Dhaqankaaga waxaa saadaaliya algorithms-ka go'aamadaadana waxaa saameeya xayeysiisyada ay u adeegaan.

Google ayaa go'aansatey in ay joojiso^{(put an end)} cookies-ka qolo saddexaad oo ay siiso sumcad dheeraad ah sirta isticmaalayaasha. Marka, waxay ku beddelanayaan cookies-ka soo jireenka ah ee qolo saddexaad iyagoo isticmaalaya Federated Learning of Cohorts ama FLoC . Aynu si faahfaahsan u aragno waxa ay tahay oo aynu ogaano sida ay u saamaynayso sirtaada.

Waa maxay Google's FLOC ( Barashada^{(Federated Learning)} Isku - dhafka^(Cohorts) ah )

Si toos ah loo dhigo, FLoC waxay ka caawisaa xayaysiiyayaasha inay u adeegaan xayaysiisyada la beegsaday iyadoo lagu salaynayo habdhaqankooda webka iyada oo aan lahayn cookies-ka qolo saddexaad. Waa halbeega browser-ka ka soo gala Google Chrome ka halkaas oo uu ku ururiyo xogta ku saabsan caadooyinka wax baadhista ee adeegsadaha, dookhyada, dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo xogta waxa lagu ururiyay kuwa kale ee leh dookhyada iyo caadooyinka la midka ah. Kooxaha waxaa loogu yeeraa koox-kooxeed ereybixinno ^(cohorts ) farsamo. Kooxdu waxay ka kooban tahay xogta dadka leh caadooyinka wax-raadinta ee la midka ah. Isticmaale kasta oo kooxda ka mid ah waxa loo qoondeeyay aqoonsiga kooxda kaas oo lala wadaago xayaysiiyayaasha si loogu adeego xayaysiisyada. Wax kasta oo aad ku samayso shabakada, waxa lagu soo koobay aqoonsiga kooxda.

Aqoonsiga kooxda ayaa markaa loo tusi doonaa qof kasta oo aad la fal gasho shabakada. Xogta uu xayaysiiyuhu ka helo FLoC waa mid aad u faahfaahsan oo weyn marka loo eego xogta ay ururiyeen cookies-ka qolo saddexaad.

Google Chrome waxay isticmaashaa algorithm loo yaqaan SimHash kaas oo kuu kala qaybiya koox kooxeedyo ku salaysan mareegaha aad booqato. Waxay xisaabisaa kooxda ama FLoC aqoonsiga^{(FLoC ID)} toddobaad kasta iyadoo lagu saleynayo dhaqdhaqaaqaaga shabakadda 7 maalmood ee la soo dhaafay^{(based on your web activity in the past 7 days)} .

Akhriso^(Read) :  Waa maxay Dabagalka Shabkada? Waa maxay Trackers in browsers?^{(What is Web Tracking? What are Trackers in browsers?)}

Waa maxay sababta Google FLC kaaga kuugu xun yahay?

Kukiyada kooxda saddexaad waxa lasiiyaa marin u helka xog gaar ah oo isticmaalaha oo kaliya. Laakin FLoC arintu maahan. Waa kan sababta Google FLoC kuugu^(FLoC) xun tahay.

Saadaasha

Google waxa uu rabaa in uu joojiyo dabagalka ay sameeyeen cookies-ka dhinac saddexaad Laakiin, beddelka ay soo jeediyeen ayaa raad raac badan oo ururinaya macluumaad badan oo aan inta badan soo ururin cookies-ka dhinac saddexaad. Xumaan waxaa lagu bedelayaa xumaan, haddaynu si guud u dhigno.

Marka aad isticmaalayso Google Chrome ka FLoC karti u leh, xogta karti u leh ayaa la gelinayaa koox, waxaana laguu qoondeeyay aqoonsiga kooxda. Hay'adaha waaweyn sida Google - ka ayaa wax walba oo adiga kugu saabsan ku saadaalin kara aqoonsiga kooxda oo ka kooban wax kasta oo aad ku samayso shabakadda. Danahaaga, xogtaada, dabeecadaada hore, iwm waa la saadaalin karaa.

Akhri:^(Read:)  Sida looga baxo Google FLoC (Privacy Sandbox) gudaha Chrome^{(opt-out of Google FLoC (Privacy Sandbox) in Chrome)} .

Farta browserka

Arrinta ugu muhiimsan ee cilmi-baare kasta oo amniga ah uu farta ku fiiqayo waa farta browserka^{(Browser Fingerprinting)} . Waa dhaqan lagu ururinayo qaybo yaryar oo kala duwan oo macluumaad ah hawsha baadhista isticmaalaha si loo abuuro muuqaal gaar ah oo la aqoonsan karo browserka. Ma jiro wax browser ah oo ku guulaystay joojinta samaynta faraha^{(Fingerprinting)} . Tor iyo qaar ka mid ah daalacayaasha kale waxay ahayd inay iska dhaafaan sifada qaarkood si ay u joojiyaan faro-qaadista taas oo aan sidoo kale ilaa xad lahayn. FLoC waxay siisaa xayaysiiyayaasha iyo ururada wax kasta oo ay rabaan waxayna awood u siisaa faraha browserka ilaa heerka xiga.

Akhriso^(Read) :  Sawirka Farta Gaadiidka ee Mareegta^{(Website Traffic Fingerprinting)} .

Soo bandhigidda adeegyada

Waxaa jira shirkado badan oo bixiya adeegyadooda oo ku weydiisanaya inaad gasho adigoo isticmaalaya Google si aad u isticmaasho. Waxaa jirta khatar aad u weyn oo ah in ururadu ku xidhi karaan macluumaadka ay ku ururiyaan astaanta Google -kaaga iyo ^(Google)aqoonsigaaga FLoC^{(FLoC ID)} . Injineernimada gadaale^(Reverse) waxay daaha ka qaadi kartaa aqoonsiga kooxdaada iyo macluumaadka ku jira aqoonsiga iyo macluumaadka lagu ururiyay koontada oo la isku daray si loo bixiyo raad dijital ah oo faahfaahsan.

Hadda, Google waxa ay tijaabinaysaa heerka FLoC si tijaabo ahaan ah isticmaalayaasha Chrome ka ^(Chrome)Australia , Brazil , Canada , India , Indonesia , Japan , Mexico , New Zealand , Philippines , and the United States . Dariiqu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 0.5% isticmaalayaasha meelaha la doortay.

DuckDuckGo , Brave iyo Vivaldi browsers waxay go'aansadeen inay bilaabaan xannibaadda Google FLoC .

Soo ogow haddii lagugu kacay

Haddii aad rabto in aad ogaato in lagugu daray jidka orodka, booqo amifloced.org oo dhagsii badhanka EEG FLOC ID^{(CHECK FOR FLOC ID)} .

Waxaan rajaynaynaa in maqaalkani kaa caawiyo inaad fahanto waxa Google FLoC yahay iyo hubinta aqoonsigaaga FLoC^{(FLoC ID)} .

Akhri^(Read) :  Sida loo ilaaliyo macluumaadka shakhsi ahaaneed ee lagu aqoonsan karo internetka^{(How to protect Personally Identifiable Information on the Internet)} .

What is Google's FLoC and why is it bad for your privacy?

You might hаve cоme across consent notificatіons on websites you visit asking you to аllow cookies from the website. When you allow the cookiеs, they act as data collection agents which hеlp advertisers place the ads that suit your needs or likings.

To put it in other words, have you ever wondered how you are seeing ads of a particular product or category which you had searched for in Amazon or other online eCommerce stores? This is possible only with the tracking and the data that the third-party cookies on your browser collect.

The data collected by third-party cookies help in creating a digital profile to target you with ads that suit your likes.  Advertisers get the data they need through third-party cookies. There arises the question of where you think of privacy. Your privacy is compromised by those cookies. Your behavior is predicted by the algorithms and your decisions get influenced by the ads they serve.

Google decided to put an end to third-party cookies and give more prominence to users’ privacy. So, they are replacing the traditional third-party cookies with Federated Learning of Cohorts or FLoC. Let’s see what it is in detail and know how it affects your privacy.

What Is Google’s FLoC (Federated Learning Of Cohorts)

To put it directly, FLoC helps the advertisers in serving targeted ads based on their web behavior without third-party cookies. It is a browser standard that comes in Google Chrome where it collects the data about the user’s web browsing habits, preferences, activity, and the data is grouped with that of others with similar preferences and habits. The groups are called cohorts in technical terminology. A cohort consists of data of people with similar browsing habits. Each user in the group is assigned a cohort ID which is shared with the advertisers to serve ads. Whatever you do on the web, it is summarized into a cohort ID.

The cohort ID is then displayed to everyone you interact with on the web. The data an advertiser gets with FLoC is more detailed and large as compared to the data collected by third-party cookies.

Google Chrome uses an algorithm called SimHash which groups you into a cohort-based on the websites you visit. It calculates a cohort or FLoC ID every week based on your web activity in the past 7 days.

Read: What is Web Tracking? What are Trackers in browsers?

Why is Google’s FLoC bad for you?

Third-party cookies are given access to only certain data of a user. But with FLoC it is not the case. Here’s why Google’s FLoC is bad for you.

Predictability

Google wants to end the tracking done by third-party cookies. But, the replacement they proposed tracks more and collects a lot of information that usually not collected by the third-party cookies. A bad is being replaced with something evil, if we put it in general terms.

When you are using Google Chrome with FLoC enabled, the data enabled is put into a cohort, and you are assigned a cohort ID. Large organizations such as Google can predict everything about you with the cohort ID that contains almost everything you do on the web. Your interests, demographics, past behavior, etc can be predicted.

Read: How to opt-out of Google FLoC (Privacy Sandbox) in Chrome.

Browser Fingerprinting

The most important issue that every security researcher is pointing a finger at is Browser Fingerprinting. It is a practice of collecting small and discrete pieces of information from the user’s browsing activity to create a unique and identifiable profile for the browser. No browser has been successful in stopping Fingerprinting. Tor and some other browsers had to forego some features to stop fingerprinting that too not to the large extent. FLoC gives the advertisers and organizations whatever they want and powers the browser fingerprinting to the next level.

Read: Website Traffic Fingerprinting.

Exposure through Services

There are many companies that offer their services and ask you to login using Google to use them. There is a huge risk that the organizations can tie the information they collect through your Google profile to your FLoC ID. Reverse engineering can reveal your cohort ID and the information on the ID and the information collected through the account merge together to give a detailed digital footprint.

Currently, Google is testing the FLoC standard as a trial on Chrome users from Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, and the United States. The trail consists of 0.5% of users from the selected locations.

DuckDuckGo, Brave and Vivaldi browsers have decided to start blocking Google FLoC.

Find out if you are FloCed

If you want to find if you are added to the trail run, visit amifloced.org and click on the CHECK FOR FLOC ID button.

We hope this article helped you understand what Google’s FLoC is and in checking your FLoC ID.

Read: How to protect Personally Identifiable Information on the Internet.

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