Ciwaanka IP-ga oo keliya kuma filna in uu wax macluumaad ah u gudbiyo kombayutarka. Sidee shabakada kombuyuutarku u ogaataa waxa lagu samaynayo macluumaadka? Tan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa lambarka dekedda ee xirmada macluumaadka loo diro. Qoraalkani waxa uu kuu sheegayaa waxa ay tahay gudbinta Dekedda^{(Port forwarding)} ; sideese u gudbisaa Dekedaha.

Waa maxay gudbinta dekeddu?

Luuqadda caadiga ah, dekeddu waa halka ay maraakiibtu ku xidhaan/ku xidhaan diyaaraduhuna ay ku soo degaan. Kadibna waxay sii wataan safarkooda sidii jadwalku ahaa. In Information Technology lingo, dekeduhu waa hardware iyo software (loo yaqaanno logical ports) oo waxay ka caawiyaan wax kasta oo kumbiyuutarka sameeyo. Qodobbada kala duwan ee aad ku aragto kombayutarkaga ee ku xidhidhiyaha waxa loo yaqaan hardware ports. Shaqadoodu waa inay u diraan xogta la helay habka saxda ah.

Dekedo macquul ah maaha qalab la dhisay. Ma arki kartid, laakiin way jiraan - in ka badan 6000 oo dekedood oo kumbiyuutar kasta oo shaqeeya. In kasta oo aan dhammaantood la isticmaalin, qaar baa caadi ah (tusaale ahaan dekedda 80 waxa loo qoondeeyay la falgalka HTTP ). Tusaale kale: Port 25 waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu diro iimaylka ( SMTP ).

Marka xidhmada xogtu gaadho ciwaanka IP-ga^{(IP Address)} (sida kombayutarada iyo aaladaha IoT ), dekeddu waxa ay u gudbisaa xidhmada xogta qaybta ay ka kooban tahay aaladda si si sax ah loogu farsameeyo. Haddaba sidee kumbiyuutarku u garanayaa halka saxda ah ee laga gudbinayo xogta? Taas waxaa suurtageliyay dekedaha^(ports) . Kumbuyuutarku, oo helaya xogta, wuxuu u gudbiyaa dekadaha la tilmaamay ee u adeega ujeedooyin kala duwan.

Waxa aad ogtihiin in wax kasta oo internetku^(Internet) leeyahay ciwaanka IP ( Internet Protocol ). Iyada oo la socota ciwaanka IP-ga, shabakadda soo-diraha waxay sidoo kale soo dirtaa ciwaanka dekedda. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad wax ka gelayso shabakadda internetka^(Internet) browser kasta oo internetka ah, ciwaanka dekeddu wuxuu noqonayaa sida 192.168.1.13:80 halkaasoo 80 uu yahay lambarka dekedda ee kombiyuutarka ama qalab kasta oo IoT ah oo leh cinwaanka IP 192.168.1.13. Qaab isku mid ah oo cinwaannada dekedaha ah ayaa loo adeegsadaa in wax lagu daabaco oo la sawiro, la geliyo oo laga soo dejiyo walxaha internetka^(Internet) , iyo waxyaabo kale oo badan oo kombuyuutarku sameeyo.

Haddii aad rabto inaad ogaato waxa dhammaan dekedaha ka furan PC-gaaga, ku qor taliska soo socda CMD oo taabo furaha geli^(Enter) .

netstat -a

Barnaamijyada iskaanka dekedaha ee qolo saddexaad ayaa sidoo kale diyaar u ah inay ku siiyaan faahfaahinta dekedaha ku jira kumbuyuutarkaaga.

Soo gudbinta dekeddu^(Port) waxa kale oo loo yaqaannaa khariidaynta dekedda . ^(Port)Waxaa loo baahan yahay marka la isku dayayo in laga galo shabakad kombuyuutar oo ka baxsan dabka shabakada ama router. Ciyaartoyda internetka^(Online) inta badan waxay u baahan yihiin inay sameeyaan gudbinta dekedaha.

Sidee loo gudbiyaa Dekedaha?

In kasta oo aad u gudbin karto dekedaha adiga oo isticmaalaya PowerShell iyada oo loo marayo taliska netsh , way adagtahay in la ogaado qiimayaasha halbeegyada la socda amarka.

Waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah software-ka saddexaad ee bilaashka ah sida FwdPortForwardingApp ( Link ) kuwaas oo kaa caawinaya gudbinta dekedda si aadan ugu baahnayn inaad tijaabiso qiyamka kala duwan ee xuduudaha amarka (qiimaha lagu siinayo amarka).

Waxaad ka habayn kartaa gudbinta dekedda router kaaga ama firewall-kaaga. Habka router waa sahlan yahay, markaa waan ka hadli doonaa.

1. Shida browserkaaga
2. Geli 192.168.1.1 barta ciwaanka browserka
3. Bogga soo dhawaynta ee routerkaaga ayaa soo muuqda
4. Ku buuxi^(Fill) aqoonsigaaga iyo eraygaaga sirta ah ee router-ka aad isku dayayso inaad ku xidho
5. Aqoonsiga inta badan waa admin iyo erayga sirta ah waa furaha; ^{(password; )}router-yada qaarkood waxay leeyihiin admin sida ID iyo erayga sirta ah labadaba; Haddii aadan heli karin, wac xarunta adeegga saaraha routerkaaga si aad u ogaato aqoonsiga iyo erayga sirta ah
6. Bogga router-ka, ka raadi gudbinta dekedda hoosteeda Settings Advanced^{(Advanced Settings)}
7. Buuxi^(Fill) lambarka dekedda oo aad rabto in alaabta loo soo gudbiyo
8. Badbaadiyo^(Save) oo ka bax router-ka; dib u bilow router si isbedel loo isticmaalo

Ogsoonow in isticmaalka habkan ay u baahan tahay inaad haysato ciwaanka IP-ga ee taagan dekedda helaysa gudbinta. Waxaad dejin kartaa ciwaankaaga IP-ga ee taagan^{(set up your static IP address)} adiga oo isticmaalaya IPV4 ama IPV6 doorashada ku jira xulashada cilad-raadinta shabakada kombuyuutarkaaga ee ku jira Control Panel .

Waxa kale oo aad u habeyn kartaa Router Firewall^{(Configure Router Firewall)} adiga oo isticmaalaya aaladaha dhinac saddexaad sida app -ka fudud ee gudbinta Port . ^{(Simple Port Forwarding)}Waxaad ka soo dejisan kartaa abka fudud ee gudbinta dekedaha ^{(Simple Port Forwarding)}halkan.^(here.)

What is Port Forwarding? How do you forward Ports?

The IP addresѕ alone iѕ not is sufficient to delivеr any іnformation to a сomputer. How does the compυter network know what is to be done with the informаtion? This is determined by the port number to whіch the information packet is sent. This post tells you what’s Port forwarding; and how do you forward Ports.

What is Port Forwarding?

In normal language, a port is where ships anchor/dock and planes land. They then proceed with their journey as per schedule.  In Information Technology lingo, ports are hardware and software (called logical ports) and they help with everything the computer does. The different points you see on your computer for attaching peripherals are called hardware ports. Their work is to send the information received to the correct process(es).

Logical ports are not hardware built. You can’t see them, but they are there – more than 6000 ports in any working computer. Though all of them are not used, some are common (for example port 80 is reserved for interacting with HTTP). Another example: Port 25 is used to send an email (SMTP).

Once a data packet reaches any IP Address (i.e. computers and IoT devices), the port forwards the data packet to the respective part of the device so that it can be processed properly. So how does the computer know where exactly to forward the data? This is made possible by ports. The computer, which is receiving data, relays it to the indicated ports that serve different purposes.

You know that everything on the Internet has an IP (Internet Protocol) address. Along with the IP address, the sender network also sends a port address. For example, if you are accessing something on the web through any Internet browser, the port address would be like 192.168.1.13:80 where 80 is the port number on the computer or any IoT device having IP address 192.168.1.13. A similar style of port addresses is used to print and scan things, upload and download stuff to/from the Internet, and many other things that a computer does.

If you wish to know what all ports are open on your PC, type the following command in an CMD and press Enter key.

netstat -a

Third-party port scanner apps are also available to give you details of the ports on your computer.

Port forwarding is also known as Port mapping. It is required when trying to access a computer network from the outside of the network firewall or router. Online gamers often need to do port forwarding.

How to forward Ports?

Though you can forward ports using the PowerShell through the netsh command, it is hard to find out the values of parameters that come with the command.

There are some free third-party software like FwdPortForwardingApp (Link) that help you in port forwarding so that you do not have to experiment with different values of command-line parameters (values to be provided to the command).

You can configure port forwarding from your router or firewall. The router method is easier, so we’ll talk about it.

1. Fire up your browser
2. Enter 192.168.1.1 in the browser address bar
3. Your router’s welcome page appears
4. Fill in your ID and password for the router you are trying to connect to
5. ID in most cases is admin and password is password; some routers have admin as both ID and password; if you can’t find it, call your router manufacturer’s service center to know the ID and password
6. In the router page, look for port forwarding under Advanced Settings
7. Fill in the port number to which you want items forwarded
8. Save and exit the router; restart router for changes to be applied

Note that using this method would require you to have a static IP address on the port receiving the forward. You can set up your static IP address using IPv4 or IPv6 option in your computer’s network troubleshooting option in Control Panel.

You can also Configure Router Firewall using third-party tools like Simple Port Forwarding app. You can download the Simple Port Forwarding app from here.

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