HDR waa mid ka mid ah tignoolajiyada aadka looga hadlay shabakada dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Hadday ku saabsan tahay TV-yada^(TVs) iyo filimada, ama kombuyuutarrada kormeerayaasha iyo ciyaaraha, HDR waxay ku yeelanaysaa calamad badan oo ka mid ah aaladahayada. Ma rabtaa inaad ogaato waxa HDR yahay? Ma ogtahay waxa ay yihiin noocyada kala duwan, heerarka, iyo shahaadooyinka HDR ? Haddii aad rabto in aad fahamto sababta qaar ka mid ah shaashadaha ay uga fiican yihiin kuwa kale marka ay timaado HDR , iyo si aad u aragto shuruudaha sida HDR10 , HDR10+ , Dolby Vision , DisplayHDR 400 ama DisplayHDR 1000 oo dhan, akhri maqaalkan:

Waa maxay HDR?

HDR waa erey la soo gaabiyey oo loogu talagalay Range Dynamic High, waana tignoolajiyad loogu talagalay in sawiradu u ekaadaan dunida dhabta ah sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah. ^{(HDR is an acronym for High Dynamic Range, and it is a technology designed to make images resemble the real world as closely as possible.)} HDR waa erey aad ka maqli karto sawir-qaadista, iyo sidoo kale wax kasta oo la xiriira shaashadaha.

Si sawirada loo sameeyo sida ugu macquulsan, aaladaha HDR waxay isticmaalaan noocyo kala duwan oo midabyo ah, meelo iftiin dhalaalaya, iyo madow madow oo hadh ah. Dhammaan kuwan, oo ay weheliyaan saamiyo isbarbardhig badan oo dheellitiran, waxay sawiradu u ekaadaan kuwo dhab ah oo sax ah, oo ku dhow waxa ay isha bini'aadamku ku arki lahaayeen adduunka dhabta ah.

Marka ay timaado sawirada dhijitaalka ah ee lagu soo bandhigay kormeeraha, TV-ga, ama aaladaha kale ee la midka ah, HDR ayaa si gaar ah loogu arki karaa sawirada ama fiidyaha kuwaas oo leh iskudhaf adag oo midabyo ah, iyo meelo iftiin iyo mugdi ah. Tusaalooyinka noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon karaan qorrax-soo-bax iyo qorrax-soo-bax, cirro dhalaalaya, muuqaal-barafka, iwm.

Waa maxay qaababka HDR ee kala duwan^(HDR) : HDR 10 , HDR+ , Dolby Vision , iyo HLG ?

Marka la eego shaashadaha, waxaa jira saddex nooc oo HDR ah, ama profiles haddii aad doorbidayso: HDR 10 , HDR+ , iyo Dolby Vision . Dhammaan qoraalladan warbaahintu waxay khuseeyaan labadaba sida waxa ku jira fiidyowga loo duubo ama loo bixiyo, iyo sida waxa ku jira loogu soo bandhigay aaladaha leh shaashadaha HDR . In kasta oo dhammaantood ay ujeeddadoodu isku mid tahay - si ay u soo bandhigaan sawirro badan oo macquul ah - waxay leeyihiin shuruudo, astaamo, iyo hanti kala duwan.

Shuruudaha muhiimka ah ee qeexaya muuqaallada HDR ee kala duwan waxay la xiriiraan tayada sawirka. Isbarbardhigga ka eeg shaxda hoose:

Aynu mid mid u dul istaagno shuruudahan:

Qoto dheer ^{(Bit depth.)}Caadi ahaan, kormeerayaasha, shaashadaha laptop-yada, TV-yada^(TVs) , iyo inta badan shaashadaha kale, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa casriga ah, waxay isticmaalaan midabyo 8-bit ah^{(8-bit colors)} . Taasi waxay u ogolaaneysaa inay muujiyaan 16.7 milyan oo midab. Shaashada HDR^(HDR) waxay leeyihiin qoto dheer oo ah 10-bit ama 12-bit, kaas oo u oggolaanaya inay muujiyaan 1.07 bilyan oo midab, ama 68.7 bilyan oo midab siday u kala horreeyaan. HDR 10 iyo HDR10+ waxay leeyihiin midabyo 10-bit ah, halka Dolby Vision ay taageerto qoto dheer oo ah 12. Dhammaantood waa kuwo cajiib ah, tiro badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa inaad ogaataa in, ugu yaraan wakhtiga la joogo, ay jiraan kaliya shaashadaha 10-bit ee suuqa ( HDR iyo HDR+ ), xitaa haddii Dolby VisionWaxay u egtahay mid cajiib ah, kuma heli kartid inaad ku raaxaysato shaashad kasta oo macaamiisha ah xilligan.

Iftiinka ugu sarreeya ^{(Peak brightness.)}Tani waxay tilmaamaysaa cadadka ugu yar ee iftiinka ugu sarreeya ee lagu gaari karo shaashad leh HDR . Si ay shaashaduhu u awoodaan inay soo bandhigaan sawirada HDR , waxay u baahan yihiin heerar dhalaal oo sarreeya marka loo eego shaashadaha caadiga ah ee SDR ( Standard Dynamic Range ). Iftiinka^(Peak) ugu sarreeya waxaa lagu cabbiraa cd/m² oo badiyaa waa inuu ahaadaa ugu yaraan 400 cd/m². Akhri qaybta xigta ee casharradan si aad u aragto heerarka HDR ee kala duwan ee ku salaysan dhalaalka ugu sarreeya.

Nuurka madow ee ugu badan. ^{(Maximum black brightness.)}Sidaad ogtahay, shaashadaha HDR waxay ujeedadoodu tahay inay soo bandhigaan sawirro sida ugu dhow xaqiiqada ugu dhow. Si taas loo sameeyo, ka sokow iftiinka ugu sarreeya^{(peak luminance)} ee meelaha sawirka dhalaalaya, waa inay sidoo kale awoodaan inay soo bandhigaan meelaha mugdiga ah iyagoo isticmaalaya madow madow. Taasi waa meesha ugu badan ee iftiinka heerka madow^{(maximum black level luminance)} uu ka soo galo ciyaarta. Qiimaha caadiga ah ee sifadan ayaa ka yar 0.4 cd/m², laakiin ma jirto wax shuruud ah ilaa inta ay khusayso borotokoolka HDR . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerarka VESA DisplayHDR waxay leeyihiin qiyam gaar ah oo loogu talagalay iftiinka ugu sarreeya ee heerka madow, sida aad ku arki karto qaybta xigta ee maqaalkan. Shaashad kasta oo tusi karta madow dhalaal ka yar 0.0005 cd/m² ayaa loo arkaa inay tahayRun Madow^{(True Black)} .

Khariidaynta codka ^{(Tone mapping.)}Mawduuca lagu abuuray HDR , sida filimada ama ciyaaraha, waxay yeelan karaan qiyamka dhalaalka oo aad uga sarreeya waxa ay dhab ahaantii muujin karto shaashadda HDR . Tusaale ahaan, taxanaha filimku wuxuu yeelan karaa heerar dhalaal oo ka badan 1000 cd/m², laakiin shaashada HDR ee aad ku daawanayso waxay leedahay dhalaalka ugu sarreeya ee 400 cd/m². ^(HDR)Maxaa dhacaya markaa? Waxa laga yaabaa in aad ku damacdo in aad u malaynayso in qaybo ka mid ah sawirka oo ka dhalaalaya 400 cd/m² ay lumeen. Ma aha, ugu yaraan ma wada aha. Waxa ay shaashadaha HDR sameeyaan waa wax la yiraahdo khariidad tone, asal ahaan iyadoo la isticmaalayo algorithms si loo yareeyo dhalaalka sawirada la duubay, si aysan uga gudbin dhalaalkooda ugu sarreeya. Hubaal^(Sure), macluumaadka qaar ayaa lumay habkan, iyo isbarbardhigga ayaa dhab ahaantii u ekaan kara mid ka sii xun kan SDR ( Standard Dynamic Range ). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sawiradu wali waxay leeyihiin tafaasiil ka badan kan shaashadaha SDR .

Xogta badan ^(Metadata.)Si uu shaashada HDR u awoodo inay muujiso nuxurka HDR , iyada oo aan loo eegin haddii ay tahay filim ama ciyaar, waxa ku jira waa in lagu abuuraa HDR . Kaliya kuma duubi kartid filim SDR ( Standard Dynamic Range ) oo waxaad filan kartaa in lagu soo bandhigo HDR TV-ga, tusaale ahaan. Waxyaabaha^(Content) lagu abuuray HDR waxay kaydisaa macluumaadka loo yaqaan metadata ee ku saabsan sida ay tahay in loo soo bandhigo. Macluumaadkaas ayaa markaa isticmaala aaladaha aad ku ciyaareyso waxa ku jira si ay u qeexaan waxa ku jira si sax ah, oo ay isticmaalaan cadadka saxda ah ee dhalaalka, tusaale ahaan. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in aan dhammaan HDRQaababku waxay isticmaalaan xog badan oo isku mid ah. HDR10 waxay isticmaashaa xogta badan ee static, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in goobaha lagu dabaqay sida waxa ku jira loo soo bandhigay ay isku mid yihiin bilawga ilaa dhamaadka. HDR10+ iyo Dolby Vision , dhinaca kale, waxay isticmaalaan metadata firfircoon, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in sawirada la soo bandhigay lagu hagaajin karo duulimaadka. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxyaabaha ku jira HDR waxay isticmaali karaan noocyo kala duwan oo dhalaal ah muuqaallo kala duwan, ama xitaa qaab kasta oo fiidiyoow ah.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareentay inaanan weli waxba ka sheegin HLG . HLG waxay ka timaadaa Hybrid Log Gamma waxayna ka dhigan tahay heerka HDR kaas oo u oggolaanaya qaybiyeyaasha waxyaabaha, sida shirkadaha telefishinka, inay baahiyaan waxyaabaha TV-ga ah ee labadaba SDR ( Standard Dynamic Range ) iyo HDR ( High Dynamic Range ) iyagoo isticmaalaya hal il. Marka qulqulkaasi gaadho TV-gaga, waxa ku jira waxa lagu soo bandhigay SDR , ama HDR , iyada oo ku xidhan waxa uu TV-gaagu awoodo.

Waa maxay DisplayHDR?

Intaa waxaa dheer, si wax looga dhigo kuwo aad u dhib badan, ka sokow qaababka HDR , waxaa sidoo kale jira qeexida waxqabadka HDR ee loo yaqaan ^(HDR)DisplayHDR . Aaladaha sidata shahaadada DisplayHDR waxay la kulmaan heerar taxane ah kuwaas oo hubinaya inay ku soo bandhigi karaan sawirro leh HDR tayo gaar ah. Haddii aad internetka ama dukaamada elektaroonigga ah ka raadisay TV ama kormeere si aad u iibsato, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ku turunturooday ereyada DisplayHDR 400 , DisplayHDR 600 ama Display HDR 1000 , ama kuwa kale oo la mid ah. Maxay ula jeedaan?

VESA ( Video Electronics Standards Association ), oo ah urur caalami ah oo ka badan shirkadaha 200 ee adduunka oo dhan, waxay abuurtaa oo ilaalisaa heerarka farsamada ee dhammaan noocyada bandhigyada fiidiyooga, oo ay ku jiraan TV-yada iyo kormeerayaasha kombuyuutarka. Mid ka mid ah meelaha ay ku dejiyeen heerarkan waa HDR . Heerkooda bandhigyada HDR waxaa loo yaqaan ^(HDR)DisplayHDR , dhammaantoodna waxay khuseeyaan shaashadaha taageera ugu yaraan HDR10 . Si aad u noqoto DisplayHDR-shahaado^{(DisplayHDR-certified)} , TV, Monitor, iyo qalab kasta oo kale oo leh bandhig HDR waa inay buuxiyaan heerarka iftiinka soo socda, oo ay ku jiraan tilmaamo kale oo farsamo:

Sideen awood ugu yeeshaa HDR^(HDR) gudahayga Windows 10 PC?

Sida qoraalka ugu dambeeya ee HDR , waxaan jeclaan lahayn inaan wax kaaga sheego HDR iyo Windows 10^{(HDR and Windows 10)} . Haddii aad isticmaalayso a Windows 10 kombuyuutar ama qalab, xaqiiqo xiiso leh ayaa ah in nidaamka hawlgalkani uu taageerayo kaliya HDR10^{(supports only HDR10)} .

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad ku raaxaysan kartaa waxyaabaha HDR ee ciyaaraha ama filimada PC-gaaga kaliya haddii aad isticmaalayso taxanaha Nvidia GTX 900 , GTX 10-taxane, GTX 16-taxane, ama kaararka garaafyada taxanaha RTX 20. ^(RTX)Haddii aad tahay isticmaale AMD , waxaad u baahan tahay inaad haysato AMD Radeon R9 38 ama 39-taxane kaadhka garaafyada ama Radeon RX 460 iyo wixii ka sareeya. Haddii PC-gaagu uu buuxiyo shuruudahan oo aad sidoo kale leedahay kormeeraha HDR , waxaa laga yaabaa inaad rabto inaad barato sida loogu sahlo HDR : Sideen ugu daaraa HDR my Windows 10 kombiyuutarka?^{(How do I turn on HDR on my Windows 10 computer?)}

Ma jiraan wax kale oo aad jeclaan lahayd inaad ka ogaato HDR ?

Waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan ku guuleysanay inaan iftiimino xoogaa iftiin ah waxa HDR yahay iyo sababta aad uga rabto shaashadahaaga. Ma ku talo jirtaa inaad iibsato kormeere ama TV bixiya taageerada HDR ? Horay ma u haysataa mid ama ka badan? La wadaag fikradahaaga iyo su'aalahaaga, haddii aad wax hayso, qaybta faallooyinka ee hoose, waxaanan ku dadaali doonaa inaan ku caawinno.

What is HDR? What's different between HDR formats?

HDR is one of the most discussed technologies on the wеb in the pаst few years. Whether it's about TVs and moνieѕ, or computer monitors and games, HDR іs gaining а foothold on many of our devices. Do you want to know what HDR is? Do you knоw what the different types, standards, and certifications оf HDR are? If you want to underѕtand why some screens are better thаn others when it comes to HDR, and to sеe what terms such as HDR10, HDR10+, Dolbу Vision, DisрlayHDR 400 or DisplayHDR 1000 are all about, read this article:

What is HDR?

HDR is an acronym for High Dynamic Range, and it is a technology designed to make images resemble the real world as closely as possible. HDR is a term that you can hear of in photography, as well as in everything that's screens-related.

In order to make images as authentic as possible, devices with HDR use wider ranges of colors, brighter light areas, and darker blacks for shades. All these, together with much more balanced contrast ratios, make images look more realistic and accurate, closer to what the human eye would see in the real world.

When it comes to digital images displayed on a monitor, TV, or any other similar devices, HDR is especially noticeable in pictures or videos that have complex combinations of colors, and light and dark areas. Such examples can be sunsets and sunrises, bright skies, snowy landscapes, etc.

What are the different HDR formats: HDR 10, HDR+, Dolby Vision, and HLG?

In terms of screens, there are three major HDR formats, or profiles if you prefer: HDR 10, HDR+, and Dolby Vision. All these media profiles apply both to how video content is recorded or rendered, and to how that content is displayed by devices with HDR screens. Although all of them aim for the same thing - to display more realistic images - they have different requirements, specs, and properties.

The essential criteria that define the different HDR profiles are related to image quality. See the table below for a comparison:

Let's cover these criteria one by one:

Bit depth. Usually, monitors, laptop screens, TVs, and most other screens, including those on smartphones, use 8-bit colors. That allows them to show 16.7 million colors. HDR screens have a 10-bit or 12-bit depth, which allows them to display 1.07 billion colors, or 68.7 billion colors respectively. HDR 10 and HDR10+ have 10-bit colors, while Dolby Vision supports a bit depth of 12. All are impressive, huge numbers. However, you should know that, at least for the time being, there are only 10-bit screens on the market (HDR and HDR+), so even if Dolby Vision sounds fantastic, you don't get to enjoy it on any consumer screens for the moment.

Peak brightness. This refers to the minimum amount of peak luminance attainable by a screen with HDR. For screens to be able to display HDR images, they need higher brightness levels than regular SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) screens. Peak brightness is measured in cd/m² and usually has to be equal to at least 400 cd/m². Read the next section of this tutorial to see the different HDR standards based on peak brightness.

Maximum black brightness. As you know, HDR screens aim to display images that are as close to reality as possible. To do that, besides a high peak luminance for bright image areas, they must also be able to display dark areas using very dark blacks. That's where the maximum black level luminance comes into play. The typical values for this attribute are less than 0.4 cd/m², but there is no requirement as far as HDR protocols are concerned. However, VESA DisplayHDR standards do have specific values for the maximum black level luminance, as you can see in the next section of this article. Any screen that can show blacks at a brightness of less than 0.0005 cd/m² is considered to be True Black.

Tone mapping. Content that was created with HDR, such as movies or games, can have much higher brightness values than what an HDR screen can actually display. For instance, some sequences in a movie might have brightness levels of over 1000 cd/m², but the HDR screen on which you're watching it has a peak brightness of 400 cd/m². What happens then? You might be tempted to think that any parts of the image that are brighter than 400 cd/m² are lost. They're not, at least not entirely. What HDR screens do is something called tone mapping, basically using algorithms to reduce the brightness of the filmed images, so that it doesn't go beyond their peak brightness. Sure, some information is lost this way, and contrast can actually look worse than on an SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) screen. However, images still have more details than on SDR screens.

Metadata. In order for an HDR screen to be able to display HDR content, regardless of whether it is a movie or a game, that content must be created with HDR. You can't just film a movie in SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) and expect it to be displayed in HDR on a TV, for example. Content that's created with HDR stores information called metadata about how it should be displayed. That information is then used by the devices on which you play the content to decode the content correctly, and use just the right amount of brightness, for example. The problem is that not all HDR formats use the same kind of metadata. HDR10 uses static metadata, which means that the settings applied to how the content is displayed are the same from beginning to the end. HDR10+ and Dolby Vision, on the other hand, use dynamic metadata, which means that the images displayed can be adjusted on-the-fly. In other words, HDR content can use different ranges of brightness on different scenes, or even for each frame of a video.

You might have noticed that we didn't mention anything about HLG yet. HLG comes from Hybrid Log Gamma and represents an HDR standard that allows content distributors, such as television companies, to broadcast TV content that's both SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) and HDR (High Dynamic Range) using a single stream. When that stream reaches your TV, the content is displayed either in SDR, or in HDR, depending on what your TV is capable of.

What is DisplayHDR?

Furthermore, to make things a bit more complicated, besides HDR formats, there's also the HDR performance specification called DisplayHDR. Devices that bear the DisplayHDR certification meet a series of standards that ensure that they can display images with HDR at a certain quality. If you've searched the internet or electronic shops for a new TV or a monitor to buy, you might have stumbled across the terms DisplayHDR 400, DisplayHDR 600 or Display HDR 1000, or others like that. What do they mean?

VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association), which is an international association of over 200 companies all over the world, creates and maintains technical standards for all kinds of video displays, including TVs and computer monitors. One of the fields in which they have established such standards is HDR. Their standards for HDR displays are called DisplayHDR, and all apply to screens that support at least HDR10. To be DisplayHDR-certified, a TV, monitor, and any other device with an HDR display must meet the following brightness standards, among other more technical specifications:

How do I enable HDR on my Windows 10 PC?

As a final note on HDR, we'd like to tell you a bit about HDR and Windows 10. If you are using a Windows 10 computer or device, an interesting fact is that this operating system supports only HDR10.

Furthermore, you can enjoy HDR content in games or movies on your PC only if you're using an Nvidia GTX 900 series, GTX 10-series, GTX 16-series, or RTX 20-series graphics card. If you're an AMD user, you need to have an AMD Radeon R9 38 or 39-series graphics card or a Radeon RX 460 and up. If your PC meets these criteria and you also have an HDR monitor, you might want to learn how to enable HDR on it: How do I turn on HDR on my Windows 10 computer?

Is there anything else you would like to know about HDR?

We hope that we've managed to shed a bit of light on what HDR is and why you would want it on your screens. Do you intend to buy a monitor or a TV that offers HDR support? Do you already have one or more? Share your opinions and questions, if you have some, in the comments section below, and we'll do our best to help.

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