Wax kasta oo Linux ku jira waxaa loo tixgeliyaa fayl si loo ilaaliyo joogtaynta. Taas waxaa ku jira qalabyada qalabka, daabacayaasha, hagayaasha, iyo hababka. Faylasha joogtada ah sida muusikada, qoraalka, fiidyaha, iyo faylalka kale ee warbaahinta badan sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin xog dheeraad ah oo la xiriirta iyaga oo loo yaqaan metadata.

Waa maxay Inodes ee Linux ? Gelitaanka Inode^(Inode) waa saldhigga nidaamka faylka Linux^{(Linux file system)} . Waxay maamulaan xogta badan ee ku saabsan faylka waxayna yihiin qaybo lama huraan u ah shaqada gudaha Linux . 

Waa maxay Qaab-dhismeedka Nidaamka Faylka?^{(What Is The Structure Of a File System?)}

Nidaamka faylka wuxuu u qaybsan yahay laba qaybood - blocks data iyo inodes. Tirada baloogyada ayaa go'an marka la abuuro, lamana beddeli karo.

Magaca, dariiqa, goobta, isku xidhka iyo sifooyinka kale kuma yaalaan hagaha. Hagisyadu waa jaantusyo ay ku jiraan magacyada faylalka leh nambarka inode ee ku habboon.

Waxaad samayn kartaa xiriir adag oo keenaya in ka badan hal magac oo isku mid ah faylka. Markaad abuurto xiriir adag, waxay sidoo kale ku abuurtaa magac cusub miiska oo leh inode laakiin ma guurto faylka.

Haddii aad guurin lahayd fayl weyn, waxay qaadan doontaa waqti dheer. Way ka hufan tahay in magaca laga dhex abuuro hage cusub oo la tirtiro gelitaanki hore. Waxaad sidoo kale dib u magacaabi kartaa faylasha si la mid ah.

Qaybta sare ee kala sareynta waa nidaamka faylka laftiisa. Nidaamka faylka dhexdiisa waxaa ku jira magacyada faylka. Magacyada faylalka waxay ku xiran yihiin inodes-ka. Inodesku waxay ku xidhaan xogta jireed.

Waa maxay Inodes ee Linux?^{(What Are Inodes In Linux?)}

Inode waa qaab-dhismeedka xogta. Waxay qeexaysaa faylka ama tusaha nidaamka faylka waxaana lagu kaydiyaa gelitaanka tusaha. Inodes waxay tilmaamaysaa baloogyada ka samaysan faylka. Inode-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhammaan xogta maamulka ee loo baahan yahay si loo akhriyo faylka. Xogta badan ee fayl kasta waxa lagu kaydiyaa ^(Every)inodes^(metadata) qaab dhismeedka miiska.

Markaad isticmaalayso barnaamij tixraacaya fayl magac ahaan, nidaamku wuxuu eegi doonaa faylka gelitaanka tusaha halka uu jiro si uu u soo jiido inode u dhigma. Tani waxay siinaysaa nidaamkaaga xogta faylka iyo macluumaadka uu u baahan yahay si uu u fuliyo hababka ama hawlgallada.

Inodes inta badan waxay ku yaalliin meel u dhow bilowga qaybinta^{(beginning of a partition)} . Waxay kaydiyaan dhammaan macluumaadka la xidhiidha faylka marka laga reebo magaca faylka iyo xogta dhabta ah. Dhammaan faylasha ku jira tusaha Linux kasta waxay leeyihiin magac-faylal iyo lambar inode ah. Isticmaalayaashu waxay dib u soo ceshan karaan xogta badan ee faylka iyagoo tixraacaya lambarka inode.

Magacyada faylalka iyo nambarada inode^(File) -ka waxaa lagu kaydiyaa tusi gooni ah iyo isku xirka inode-ka. Waxaad ku xidhi kartaa xogta badan ee matalaysa faylka. Waa suurtogal in la helo magacyo badan oo fayl ah oo ku xidha hal qayb oo xog ah ama inode sida aad ku arki karto sawirka hoose.

Waa maxay Lambarka Inode?^{(What Is The Inode Number?)}

Inode kasta oo ka mid ah qaab dhismeedka Linux wuxuu leeyahay nambar gaar ah oo lagu aqoonsaday. Waxa kale oo loo yaqaan lambarka tusaha waxayna leedahay sifooyinka soo socda:

• Cabbirka
• Milkiilaha
• Taariikhda/waqtiga
• Ogolaanshaha iyo xakamaynta gelitaanka
• Goobta saxanka
• Noocyada faylka
• Tirada isku xidhka
• Xog badan oo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan faylka

Si aad u hubiso liiska lambarada inode, adeegso amarka soo socda:

ls -i

Sawirka hoose waxa uu tusayaa hage leh nambaro inode ah oo ka muuqda tiirka bidix ee fog.

Sidee bay Inodes u shaqeeyaan?^{(How Do Inodes Work?)}

Markaad abuurto fayl cusub, waxaa lagu meeleeyaa magaca faylka iyo lambarka inode. Labaduba waxa loo kaydiyaa sidii gelinta buug-tusaha. Ku socodsiinta amarka ls (ls -li ) waxay ku tusi doontaa liiska magacyada faylalka iyo lambarrada inode ee ku kaydsan buugga.

Isticmaal amarka hoose si aad u taxdo macluumaadka inode nidaam kasta oo fayl ah.

DF -hi

Immisa Inodes ayaad isticmaashaa?

Hal dariiqo oo aad booska uga dhammaan karto nidaamka faylalka waa inaad isticmaasho dhammaan inodes-kaaga. Xitaa haddii aad haysato meel bannaan oo kugu filan diskkaaga, ma awoodid inaad abuurto faylal cusub.

Isticmaalka dhammaan inodes-yada waxay sidoo kale keeni kartaa in nidaamkaagu si lama filaan ah u istaago. Si aad u aragto liiska tirakoobka ku saabsan isticmaalka inode-ka sida la isticmaalo, bilaashka ah, iyo boqolleyda la isticmaalo, ku qor amarka soo socda:

sudo df -ih

Siyaabo Dheeraad ah Ayaa Loo Isticmaalaa Inodes^{(Additional Ways Inodes Are Used)}

Habka inodes-ku ugu shaqeeyo Linux wuxuu ka dhigayaa mid aan suurtagal ahayn in la helo tirooyin is khilaafsan. Suurtagal ma aha in la abuuro xiriir adag oo ka dhexeeya nidaamyada faylalka kala duwan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaad isticmaali kartaa xiriiriyeyaasha jilicsan ee nidaamyada faylasha kala duwan. Waad tirtiri kartaa faylalka asalka ah walina waxaad haysataa xogta laga heli karo xiriir adag.

Markaad tirtirto faylka, waxa kaliya ee aad samaysay waa ka saar mid ka mid ah magacyada oo tilmaamaya lambar gaar ah. Xogtu waxay ahaan doontaa ilaa aad ka tirtirto dhammaan magacyada la xidhiidha isla lambarka inode. Nidaamyada Linux^(Linux) waxay cusbooneysiiyaan iyaga oo aan u baahnayn nidaam dib u kicin qayb weyn sababtoo ah habka inodes-ku u shaqeeyo. 

Nidaamku wuxuu isticmaali karaa faylka maktabadda isla mar ahaantaana hannaan kale wuxuu ku beddelayaa isla fayl la mid ah nooc cusub oo cusub oo abuuraya inode cusub. Habka socodsiinta wuxuu ku sii wadaa isticmaalka faylkii hore. Marka xigta ee aad isticmaasho hab la mid ah, waxay isticmaali doontaa version cusub.

Isticmaalayaashu si toos ah ulama falgalaan inodes-ka, laakiin waxay matalaan qayb aasaasi ah oo ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka faylka Linux .

What Are Inodes in Linux and How Are They Used?

Eνеrything in Linux is considered a file to maintain consistency. That includes hardware devices, printers, directories, and processes. Rеgular files such as music, text, videos, and other mυltimedia files alѕo have additional data associated with them called metadаta.

What are Inodes in Linux? Inode entries are the basis of the Linux file system. They manage the metadata about a file and are essential pieces of the inner workings of Linux. 

What Is The Structure Of a File System?

A file system is divided into two parts – data blocks and inodes. The number of blocks is fixed once created, and can’t be changed.

The name, path, location, links and other file attributes are not located in the directory. Directories are simply tables that contain the names of the files with the matching inode number.

You can create a hard link resulting in more than one name for the same file. When you create a hard link, it also creates a new name in the table with the inode but doesn’t move the file.

If you were to move a large file, it would take a long time. It’s more efficient to create the name entry in a new directory and delete the old entry. You can also rename files in the same way.

The top part of the hierarchy is the file system itself. Within the file system are the file names. The file names link to the inodes. The inodes link to the physical data.

What Are Inodes In Linux?

An inode is a data structure. It defines a file or a directory on the file system and is stored in the directory entry. Inodes point to blocks that make up a file. The inode contains all the administrative data needed to read a file. Every file’s metadata is stored in inodes in a table structure.

When using a program that refers to a file by name, the system will look in the directory entry file where it exists to pull up the corresponding inode. This gives your system the file data and information it needs to perform processes or operations.

Inodes are usually located near the beginning of a partition. They store all the information associated with a file except the file name and the actual data.   All files in any Linux directory have a filename and an inode number. Users can retrieve the metadata for a file by referencing the inode number.

File names and inode numbers are stored in a separate index and link to the inode. You can link to the metadata that represents the file. It is possible to have multiple file names that link to one piece of data or inode as you can see in the image below.

What Is The Inode Number?

Every inode in the Linux structure has a unique number identified with it. It is also called the index number and has the following attributes:

• Size
• Owner
• Date/time
• Permissions and access control
• Location on the disk
• File types
• Number of links
• Additional metadata about the file

To check the list of inode numbers, use the following command:

ls -i

The screenshot below shows a directory with inode numbers appearing in the far-left column.

How Do Inodes Work?

When you create a new file, it is assigned a file name and inode number. Both are stored as entries in a directory. Running the ls command (ls -li) will show you a list of the file names and inode numbers that are stored in a directory.

Use the command below to list inode information for each file system.

df -hi

How Many Inodes Are You Using?

One way to run out of space in a filesystem is to use up all your inodes. Even if you have enough free space on your disk, you won’t be able to create new files.

Using up all the inodes can also result in your system suddenly stopping. To see a list of statistics about inode usage such as used, free, and percentage used, type the following command:

sudo df -ih

Additional Ways Inodes Are Used

The way inodes work in Linux make it impossible to have conflicting inode numbers. It is not possible to create a hard link across different file systems. However, you can use soft links across different file systems. You can delete the original files and still have the data available through a hard link.

By deleting a file, all you have done is remove one of the names pointing to a specific inode number. The data will remain until you delete all names associated with the same inode number. Linux systems update without requiring a system reboot in large part because of the way inodes work. 

A process can use a library file at the same time another process replaces the same file with a newer updated version and creates a new inode. The running process keeps using the old file. The next time you use the same process, it will use the new version.

Users don’t interact directly with inodes, but they do represent a fundamental component of Linux file structures.

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