Waagii hore ee tignoolajiyada, xallinta shaashadda ama xallinta bandhiggu ma ahayn arrin aad u badan. Daaqadaha waxay la timid dhowr ikhtiyaar oo horay loo sii diyaariyay, si aad u heshid xallin sare, midabo badan ama labadaba, waxaad ku rakibi lahayd darawal kaarka fiidiyowgaaga. Sida wakhtigu socdo, waxaad dooran kartaa kaarar fiidiyoow oo wanaagsan iyo sidoo kale kormeerayaal ka fiican. Maanta waxaan haysanaa doorashooyin badan marka ay timaado bandhigyada, tayadooda, iyo xalinta la taageeray. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku soo qaadanaynaa xoogaa taariikhda ah oo aan ku sharaxnay dhammaan fikradaha muhiimka ah, oo ay ku jiraan ereyada la soo gaabiyo ee xallinta shaashadda, sida 1080p, 2K, QHD ama 4K. Aan bilowno:

Dhammaantood waxay ku bilowdeen IBM iyo CGA

Tignoolajiyada garaafyada midabka waxaa markii ugu horreysay soo saartay IBM . CGA ayaa ugu horeysay, waxaa ku xiga EGA iyo VGA - adabtarada garaafyada midabka, adabtarada garaafyada oo la xoojiyay, hannaan garaafyo muuqaal ah. Iyadoo aan loo eegin^(Regardless) awoodda kormeerahaaga, waa inaad weli dooran kartaa mid ka mid ah fursadaha yar ee laga heli karo darawallada kaadhka garaafyada. Niyad-jabka awgeed, halkan waa eeg sida arrimuhu u eegeen bandhig CGA oo si wanaagsan loo yaqaan .

Isha sawirka: ^{(Image source:)} Wikipedia

Iyadoo ay soo ifbaxday muuqaal qeexid sare iyo caannimada korodhay ee 16:9 dhinaca saamiga (waxaanu waxoogaa ku sharaxnay saami qaybsiga), xulashada xallinta shaashadda maaha arrin fudud oo ay mar ahaan jirtay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay inay jiraan fursado badan oo badan oo laga dooran karo, oo leh wax ku habboon ku dhawaad ​​​​doorashada qof kasta. Bal aynu^(Let) eegno erey bixinta maanta iyo waxa ay ka dhigan tahay.

Shaashada waa maxay?

Erayga "xalin" sax maaha marka loo adeegsado tixraaca tirada pixels ee shaashadda. Taasi waxba kama odhanayso sida cufan ee pixels loo ururiyey. Taas waxaa daboolay mitir kale, oo loo yaqaan PPI (Pixels Per Inch)^{(called PPI (Pixels Per Inch))} .

"Xalka" farsamo ahaan waa tirada pixels halkii unug, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen wadarta tirada pixels. Maqaalkan, waxaan u isticmaaleynaa ereyga sida loo fahmo, halkii aan ka ahaan lahayn isticmaalka saxda ah ee tignoolajiyada. Tan iyo bilowgii, xallinta waxaa lagu sifeeyay^{(the resolution has been described)} (si sax ah ama maya) tirada pixels ee loo habeeyay si toos ah iyo si toos ah kormeeraha^{(by the number of pixels arranged horizontally and vertically on a monitor)} . Tusaale ahaan, 640 x 480 = 307200 pixels. Doorashooyinka la heli karo waxaa lagu go'aamiyay kartida kaarka fiidiyowga, waxayna ku kala duwan yihiin soo saaraha ilaa soo saaraha.

Go'aamada lagu dhisay Windows waxay ahaayeen kuwo xaddidan, markaa haddii aadan haysan darawalka kaadhkaaga fiidyowga, waxaad ku dhegganaan doontaa shaashadda xallinta hoose ee Windows ay bixisay. Haddii aad daawatay Setup^{(Windows Setup)} -kii hore ama aad rakibtay nooc cusub oo darawal fiidyow ah, waxa laga yaabaa inaad aragtay 640 x 480 shaashad xallin hoose ah muddo ama laba daqiiqo. Waxay ahayd mid fool xun, laakiin taasi waxay ahayd Windows default.

Marka tayada kormeeruhu kor u kacdo, Windows wuxuu bilaabay inuu bixiyo dhowr ikhtiyaar oo dheeri ah, laakiin culaysku wuxuu weli inta badan dul saarnaa soosaarayaasha kaadhadhka garaafyada, gaar ahaan haddii aad rabto bandhig aad u sarreeya. Noocyadii ugu dambeeyay ee Windows waxay ogaan karaan xallinta shaashadda caadiga ah ee kormeerahaaga iyo kaadhka garaafyada waxayna la qabsan karaan si habboon. Tani macnaheedu maaha in waxa Windows ay doorato ay tahay doorashada ugu fiican, laakiin way shaqeysaa, waadna bedeli kartaa haddii aad rabto, ka dib markaad aragto sida ay u egtahay. Haddii aad u baahan tahay hagitaan, akhri Beddel xallinta shaashadda oo ka dhig qoraalka iyo astaanta ka weyn Windows 10^{(Change the screen resolution and make text and icons bigger in Windows 10)} .

Sidoo kale, haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad ogaato xallinta shaashaddaada, waa inaad hubisaa:

• Waa maxay xallinta shaashadda? 7 siyaabood oo lagu ogaado^{(What is my screen resolution? 7 ways to find out)}
• Waa maxay xallinta shaashadda iPhone-ka ama iPad-kayga? 3 hab oo lagu ogaado^{(What is my iPhone's or iPad's screen resolution? 3 ways to find out)}

Ka fiirso P-yadaada, oo waxaan ku saabsan yahay xallinta shaashadda

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad aragtay xallinta shaashadda oo lagu tilmaamay wax sida 720p, 1080i ama 1080p. Taasi micneheedu waa maxay? Bilawga, xarfaha ayaa kuu sheegaya sida sawirka loogu "rijiyey" kormeeraha. A "p" waxa ay u taagan tahay horusocod^{(progressive)} , iyo "i" waxa ay u taagan tahay isku xidhan^(interlaced) .

Sawirka isku xidhani^{(interlaced scan)} waa ka hakinta telefishinka iyo horraantii CRTkormeerayaal. Kormeeraha ama shaashada TV-ga waxa ay leedahey xariiqyo pixels oo si toosan loo habeeyey. Xariiqyadu aad bay u fududaayeen in la arko haddii aad ku soo dhawaatay kormeeraha hore ama TV-ga, laakiin maalmahan pixel-yada shaashadu aad bay u yar yihiin oo way adagtahay in la arko xataa iyada oo la weyneynayo. Qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee kormeeraha ayaa "rinji" mid kasta oo shaashad ah ku sawira xariiq, si degdeg ah si ay ishu u aragto. Shaarar isku xidhan ayaa marka hore rinjiyaysa dhammaan khadadka khayaaliga ah, ka dibna dhammaan khadadka siman. Maadaama shaashada lagu rinjiyeeyay khadad kale, flicker had iyo jeer waxay dhibaato ku tahay iskaannada isku xidhan. Wax-soo-saarayaashu waxay isku dayeen inay ka gudbaan dhibaatadan siyaabo kala duwan. Habka ugu badan waa in la kordhiyo tirada jeer ee shaashadda oo dhan lagu rinji hal ilbiriqsi, taas oo loo yaqaan refresh .heerka. Heerarka dib-u-cusbooneysiinta ee ugu caansan waxay ahayd 60 jeer ilbiriqsikii, taas oo la aqbali karo dadka intooda badan, laakiin waxaa laga yaabaa in la riixo xoogaa sare si looga takhaluso boodboodka ay dadka qaar weli garteen.

Markii ay dadku ka guureen bandhigyadii hore ee CRT , ereybixintu waxay iska beddeshay heerka soo kicinta oo waxay isu beddeshay heerka qaabaysan ^{(refresh rate)},^{(frame rate)} sababtoo ah farqiga u dhexeeya habka kormeeraha LED -ku u shaqeeyo. ^(LED)Heerka jirku^{(frame rate)} waa xawaaraha uu kormeeruhu ku soo bandhigayo xog kasta oo gaar ah. Noocyadii ugu dambeeyay ee Windows waxay dejiyeen qaab-dhismeedka 60 Hertz ama 60 wareegyo ilbiriqsi kasta, iyo shaashadaha LED -ku ma libiqsanayaan. Waxaa intaa dheer, nidaamku wuxuu ka beddelay iskaanka isku^{(interlaced scan)} xidhan oo u beddelay iskaan horumarsan^{(progressive scan)}sababtoo ah bandhigyada cusub ee dhijitaalka ah ayaa aad u dhaqso badan. Sawirka horusocodka ah, xadadka waxaa loogu rinjiyeeyay shaashadda si isdaba joog ah halkii ay markii hore u rinjiyeen khadadka khayaaliga ah ka dibna xariiqyada siman. Haddii aad rabto inaad turjunto, 1080p, tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo isticmaalaa bandhigyada lagu garto 1080 xariiqo toosan oo xallin toosan ah iyo iskaan horumarsan. Waxaa jira sawir indho-xumo badan oo ku saabsan faraqa u dhexeeya iskaannada horusocodka ah iyo kuwa isku xidhan ee Wikipedia halkan: Sawirka horumarka^{(Progressive scan)} . Cashar kale oo soo jiidasho leh oo taariikhi ah, sidoo kale akhri fiidyowga isku dhafan^{(Interlaced video)} .

Ka warran tirooyinka: 720p, 1080p, 1440p, 2K, 4K iyo 8K?

Markii TV-yada^(TVs) qeexitaankoodu sarreeyo ay noqdeen wax caadi ah, soosaarayaashu waxay sameeyeen gacan-gaab si ay u sharxaan xallintooda bandhigga. Nambarada ugu caansan ee aad aragto waa 720p, 1080p, 1140p ama 4K. Sida aan soo aragnay, "p" iyo "i" waxay kuu sheegayaan inay tahay sawir-iscan-qaad-horusocod ah ama bandhig-iscan-dhex-dhexaad ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, tirooyinkaan gaaban ayaa mararka qaarkood loo adeegsadaa si loo qeexo kormeerayaasha kombiyuutarada sidoo kale, inkastoo guud ahaan kormeeruhu uu awood u leeyahay muujinta qeexitaan ka sarreeya TV-ga. Nambarku wuxuu had iyo jeer tilmaamayaa tirada xariiqyada toosan ee shaashadda.

Waa kan sida gacanta gaaban loo turjumay:

• 720p = 1280 x 720 - waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan HD ama " HD Ready " xallinta
• 1080p = 1920 x 1080 - waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan FHD ama xallinta "Full HD"
• 1440p = 2560 x 1440 - waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan QHD ama Quad HD xallinta, waxaana sida caadiga ah lagu arkaa kormeerayaasha ciyaaraha iyo taleefannada casriga ah ee ugu sarreeya. 1440p waa afar jeer xallinta 720p HD ama "HD diyaarsan." Si arrimaha looga dhigo kuwo jahawareer badan, talefanno badan oo casriga ah ayaa leh waxa loogu yeero 2960 × 1440 Quad HD+ xallinta, kaasoo weli ku habboon 1440p.
• 4K ama 2160p^{(4K or 2160p)} = 3840 x 2160 - waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan 4K , UHD ama Ultra HD . Waa qaraar bandhigeed weyn, waxaana laga helaa TV-yada qaaliga^(TVs) ah iyo kormeerayaasha kumbuyuutarka. 2160p waxaa loo yaqaan 4K sababtoo ah ballaciisu wuxuu ku dhow yahay 4000 pixels. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxay bixisaa afar^(four) jeer pixels of 1080p FHD ama " Full HD ."
• 8K ama 4320p^{(8K or 4320p)} = 7680 x 4320 - waxaa loo yaqaan 8K waxayna bixisaa 16 jeer pixels ka badan inta caadiga ah ee 1080p FHD ama "Full HD". Hadda, waxaad ku arkaysaa 8K kaliya TV-yada qaaliga ah ee Samsung iyo LG. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad tijaabin kartaa in kombayutarkaagu uu soo saari karo tiro intaa le'eg oo xog ah adiga oo isticmaalaya muunaddan muuqaalka ah ee 8K:

Dhibaatada 2K ayaa ah inaysan u jirin aaladaha macaamiisha

Shaleemada, xallinta 2K^{(2K resolution)} ayaa jirta, waxayna tilmaamaysaa 2048 × 1080. Si kastaba ha noqotee, suuqa macaamiisha, waxaa loo tixgelin doonaa 1080p. Si ay wax uga sii xumaadaan, qaar ka mid ah soosaarayaasha bandhigyada waxay isticmaalaan ereyga 2K ee xallinta sida 2560x1440, sababtoo ah bandhigyadoodu waxay leeyihiin xallin siman oo ah 2000 pixels ama ka badan. Nasiib darro, taasi waa khalad, maadaama qaraarkani yahay 1440p, ama Quad HD , oo aanu ahayn 2K.

Sidaa darteed, marka aad maqashid wax ku saabsan TV-ga, kormeeraha kumbuyuutarka, casriga ama tablet-ka oo leh xallinta 2K, hadalkani waa khalad. Xallinta dhabta ahi waxay u badan tahay inay noqoto 1440p ama Quad HD .

Ma ku arki kartaa muuqaalo heer sare ah shaashadaha xallinta hoose?

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la yaabto inaad ka daawato muuqaal sare oo shaashad xallin yar ah. Tusaale ahaan, suurtagal ma tahay in la isticmaalo 720p TV si loo daawado muuqaal 1080p ah? Jawaabtu waa haa! Iyadoo aan loo eegin^(Regardless) waxa xallinta shaashaddaadu tahay, waxaad ka daawan kartaa muuqaal kasta oo ku dul yaal, iyadoon loo eegayn xallinta muuqaalku (sare ama hoose). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii muuqaalka aad rabto inaad daawato uu leeyahay qaraar ka sarreeya kan soo-bandhigiddaada, qalabkaagu wuxuu u beddelaa xallinta muuqaalka mid ku habboon xallinta bandhiggaaga. Tan waxa loo yaqaan hoos u dhigidda^{(downsampling)} .

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad daawato muuqaal leh xallinta 4K oo ku taal shaashad 720p ah, muuqaalkaas waxaa lagu muujiyay 720p resolution, sababtoo ah taasi waa waxa kaliya ee shaashaddaadu bixin karto.

Waa maxay Saamiga dhinaca?

Erayga saamiga waxa markii hore lagu isticmaalay sawir qaade, taas oo muujinaysa inta sawirku uu ballaadhnaa marka loo eego dhererkiisa. Aflaanta ayaa markii hore ku jiray 4:3 saamiga, tanina waxa loo gudbiyay taleefishinnada iyo bandhigyada kombuyuutarrada hore. Saamiga^(Motion) sawirka dhaqdhaqaaqa ayaa si degdeg ah isu beddelay shaashad ballaadhan, taas oo macnaheedu yahay, marka filimada laga daawado TV-ga, waa in la gooyaa ama sawirka loo maareeyo siyaabo kale oo la jaan qaada shaashadda TV-ga.

Markay tignoolajiyada soo bandhigidu soo hagaagtay, TV-yada iyo soosaarayaasha kormeerayaasha waxay bilaabeen inay sidoo kale u dhaqaaqaan dhanka bandhigyada shaashadaha. Asal ahaan "shaashadda ballaaran" waxay tilmaamaysaa wax kasta oo ka ballaadhan kan caadiga ah ee 4:3, laakiin waxay si degdeg ah u timid inay la macno tahay saamiga 16:10 iyo markii dambe 16:9. Maalmahan, ku dhawaad ​​​​dhammaan kormeerayaasha kumbuyuutarka iyo TV-yada waxaa lagu heli karaa oo keliya shaashado ballaaran, baahinta TV-ga iyo boggaga internetka ayaa la qabsaday inay iswaafaqaan.

Ilaa 2010, 16:10 ayaa ahayd saamiga ugu caansan ee bandhigyada kombuyuutarrada ballaaran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo ay kor u kacday caannimada telefishinada qeexida sare, kuwaas oo isticmaalayay qaraaro qeexid sare ah sida 720p iyo 1080p oo ka dhigay ereyadan la mid ah qeexitaan sare, 16:9 waxa ay noqotay saamiga cabbirka heerka sare.

Iyada oo ku xidhan saamiga muuqaalkaaga, waxaad isticmaali kartaa oo keliya qaraaro u gaar ah ballaca iyo dhererkiisa. Qaar ka mid ah go'aamada ugu caansan ee loo isticmaali karo saami kasta waa kuwan:

• 4: 3 xallinta saamiga dhinaca: 640×480, 800×600, 960×720, 1024×768, 1280×960, 1400×1050, 1440×1080, 1600×1200, 1826,90,40 1536.
• 16:10 xallinta saamiga dhinaca: 1280×800, 1440×900, 1680×1050, 1920×1200, iyo 2560×1600.
• 16:9 xallinta saamiga dhinaca: 1024×576, 1152×648, 1280×720 (HD), 1366×768, 1600×900, 1920×1080 ( FHD ), 2560×1440 ( QHD ), 3640K (QHD), 3640K , iyo 7680 x 4320 (8K).

Ma jiraa xidhiidh ka dhexeeya saamiga dhinaca iyo jihaynta bandhigga?

Jihaynta bandhiggu waxa ay tilmaamaysaa sida aad u eegto shaashadda: jihaynta shaashada ee ugu badan ee la isticmaalo waa muuqaalka^(landscape) iyo sawirka^(portrait) . Jihaynta muuqaalka^(Landscape) waxay ka dhigan tahay in ballaca shaashadu uu ka weyn yahay jooggiisa, halka jihaynta sawirka ay la macno tahay lidkeeda. Inta badan shaashadaha waaweyn, sida kuwa aan ku isticmaalno kombayutaradayada, Laptop-yada, ama TV-yada^(TVs) , waxay isticmaalaan jihaynta muuqaalka. Ka yar^(Smaller)shaashadaha, sida kuwa ku jira teleefankeena casriga ah, ayaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa qaabka sawirka, laakiin, sababtoo ah cabbirkoodu wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si fudud u beddesho, sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa qaabka muuqaalka. Saamiga dhinaca shaashadda ayaa qeexaya saamiga dhinaciisa dheer iyo dhinaca gaaban. Sidaas awgeed, taasi waxay ka dhigan tahay in saamiga dhinaca shaashadu uu kuu sheegayo saamiga ballaca ilaa dhererka^{(ratio of the width to height)} marka aad ku eegto qaabka muuqaalka^{(landscape mode)} . Saamiga dhinaca looma isticmaalo in lagu qeexo shaashadaha (ama qaab kasta oo leydi ah) qaabka sawirka.

Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxaad dhihi kartaa in saamiga dhinaca 16x9 uu la mid yahay 9x16, laakiin kan dambe ma aha qaab la aqbali karo oo tixraacaya saamiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad tixraaci kartaa xallinta shaashadda labada siyaabood. Tusaale ahaan, xallinta 1920x1080 pixels waxay la mid tahay 1080x1920 pixels^{(a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels is the same as 1080x1920 pixels)} ; waa uun in hanuunku kala duwan yahay^{(the orientation differs)} .

Sidee buu cabbirka shaashadu u saameeyaa xallinta?

In kasta oo muuqaalka 4:3 ee TV-ga lagu hagaajin karo si uu u muujiyo baararka madow ee xagga sare iyo hoose ee shaashadda, halka filim ballaadhan ama bandhig la soo bandhigayo, tani macno ma samaynayso kormeeraha, markaa Windows xitaa kuma soo bandhigto bandhig ballaadhan oo doorasho ah. Waxaad ku daawan kartaa filimada leh baararka madow sidii adigoo daawanaya shaashad TV ah, laakiin tan waxaa sameeya ciyaartoygaaga warbaahinta.

Waxa ugu muhiimsan maaha cabbirka kormeeraha, laakiin awoodda ay u leedahay inay soo bandhigto sawirrada xallinta sare. Markasta oo aad sare u qaaddo xallinta, waxaa yaraanaya sawirada shaashadda, waxaana imanaysa meel qoraalka shaashadda ku yaal uu noqdo mid aad u yar oo aan la akhrin karin. Kormeeraha weyn waxaa suurtagal ah in lagu riixo xallinta aad u sareysa runtii, laakiin haddii cufnaanta pixels ee kormeeraha uusan gaarsiisnayn, ma heli doontid xalka ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ka hor inta uusan sawirku noqon mid aan la akhrin karin. Xaalado badan, kormeeruhu gabi ahaanba ma soo bandhigo wax haddii aad u sheegto Windows inay isticmaasho qaraar aanu kormeeruhu xamili karin. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, ha ka filan mucjisooyin ka soo baxa kormeeraha raqiis ah. Marka ay timaado bandhigyada qeexitaanka sare, waxaad hubaal ahaan heleysaa waxa aad bixiso.

Ma qabtaa su'aalo kale oo ku saabsan xallinta shaashadda?

Haddii aadan farsamo ahayn, waxay u badan tahay inaad ku wareertay farsamooyin badan oo ku saabsan bandhigyada iyo xallinta. Waxaan rajeyneynaa, maqaalkani inuu ku guulaystey inuu kaa caawiyo fahamkaaga sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee bandhigga: saamiga dhinaca, xallinta ama nooca. Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah ka qabto mawduucan, ha ka waaban inaad ku waydiiso qaybta faallooyinka ee hoose.

What do the 720p, 1080p, 1440p, 2K, 4K resolutions mean? What are the aspect ratio & orientation?

In the old days of technology, thе screеn resolution or display resolution was not much of an issue. Windows came with a few preset options and, to gеt higher resolution, more colors or both, you would install a driver fоr your video card. As time went on, you could choose better vidеo cardѕ and better monitors as well. Today we have lots оf options when it comes to displayѕ, their quality, and the supported resolutions. In this article, we take you through a bit of history and explain all the essential concepts, including common acronyms for screen rеsolutions, like 1080p, 2K, QHD or 4K. Let's get started:

It all started with IBM and CGA

The color graphics technology was first developed by IBM. CGA was first, followed by EGA and VGA - color graphics adapter, enhanced graphics adapter, video graphics array. Regardless of the capability of your monitor, you would still have to choose from one of the few options available through your graphics card's drivers. For the sake of nostalgia, here is a look at how things looked on a once well-known CGA display.

Image source: Wikipedia

With the advent of high definition video and the increased popularity of the 16:9 aspect ratio (we explain aspect ratios in a bit), selecting a screen resolution is not the simple affair it once was. However, this also means that there are a lot more options to choose from, with something to suit almost everyone's preferences. Let's look at what today's terminology is, and what it means:

The screen is what by what?

The term "resolution" is not correct when it is used to refer to the number of pixels on a screen. That says nothing about how densely the pixels are clustered. That is covered by another metric, called PPI (Pixels Per Inch).

"Resolution" is technically the number of pixels per unit of area, rather than the total number of pixels. In this article, we are using the term as it is commonly understood, rather than the absolutely technologically correct usage. Since the beginning, the resolution has been described (accurately or not) by the number of pixels arranged horizontally and vertically on a monitor. For example, 640 x 480 = 307200 pixels. The choices available were determined by the capability of the video card, and they differed from manufacturer to manufacturer.

The resolutions built into Windows were limited, so if you did not have the driver for your video card, you would be stuck with the lower-resolution screen that Windows provided. If you have watched the old Windows Setup or installed a newer version of a video driver, you may have seen the 640 x 480 low-resolution screen for a moment or two. It was ugly, but that was the Windows default.

As monitor quality improved, Windows began offering a few more built-in options, but the burden was still mostly on the graphics card manufacturers, especially if you wanted a really high-resolution display. The more recent versions of Windows can detect the default screen resolution for your monitor and graphics card and adjust accordingly. This does not mean that what Windows chooses is always the best option, but it works, and you can change it if you wish, after you see what it looks like. If you need guidance, read Change the screen resolution and make text and icons bigger in Windows 10.

Also, if you are curious to find out the resolution of your screen, you should check:

• What is my screen resolution? 7 ways to find out
• What is my iPhone's or iPad's screen resolution? 3 ways to find out

Mind your P's, and I's about screen resolutions

You may have seen the screen resolution described as something like 720p, 1080i or 1080p. What does that mean? To begin with, the letters tell you how the picture is "painted" on the monitor. A "p" stands for progressive, and an "i" stands for interlaced.

The interlaced scan is a holdover from television and early CRT monitors. The monitor or TV screen has lines of pixels arranged horizontally across it. The lines were relatively easy to see if you got up close to an older monitor or TV, but nowadays the pixels on the screen are so small that they are hard to see even with magnification. The monitor's electronics "paint" each screen line by line, too quickly for the eye to see. An interlaced display paints all the odd lines first, then all the even lines. Since the screen is being painted in alternate lines, flicker has always been a problem with interlaced scans. Manufacturers have tried to overcome this problem in various ways. The most common way is to increase the number of times an entire screen is painted in a second, which is called the refresh rate. The most common refresh rate was 60 times per second, which is acceptable for most people, but it could be pushed a bit higher to get rid of the flicker that some people still perceived.

As people moved away from the older CRT displays, the terminology changed from refresh rate to frame rate, because of the difference in the way an LED monitor works. The frame rate is the speed with which the monitor displays each separate frame of data. The most recent versions of Windows set the framerate at 60 Hertz or 60 cycles per second, and LED screens do not flicker. Moreover, the system changed from interlaced scan to progressive scan because the new digital displays are so much faster. In a progressive scan, the lines are painted on the screen in sequence rather than first the odd lines and then the even lines. If you want to translate, 1080p, for example, is used for displays that are characterized by 1080 horizontal lines of vertical resolution and a progressive scan. There's a rather eye-boggling illustration of the differences between progressive and interlaced scans on Wikipedia here: Progressive scan. For another fascinating history lesson, also read Interlaced video.

What about the numbers: 720p, 1080p, 1440p, 2K, 4K and 8K?

When high-definition TVs became the norm, manufacturers developed a shorthand to explain their display resolution. The most common numbers you see are 720p, 1080p, 1140p or 4K. As we have seen, the "p" and the "i" tell you whether it is a progressive-scan or an interlaced-scan display. Moreover, these shorthand numbers are sometimes used to describe computer monitors as well, even though in general a monitor is capable of a higher definition display than a TV. The number always refers to the number of horizontal lines on the display.

Here's how the shorthand translates:

• 720p = 1280 x 720 - is usually known as HD or "HD Ready" resolution
• 1080p = 1920 x 1080 - is usually known as FHD or "Full HD" resolution
• 1440p = 2560 x 1440 - is commonly known as QHD or Quad HD resolution, and it is typically seen on gaming monitors and on high-end smartphones. 1440p is four times the resolution of 720p HD or "HD ready." To make things even more confusing, many premium smartphones feature a so-called 2960x1440 Quad HD+ resolution, which still fits into 1440p.
• 4K or 2160p = 3840 x 2160 - is commonly known as 4K, UHD or Ultra HD resolution. It is a huge display resolution, and it is found on premium TVs and computer monitors. 2160p is called 4K because the width is close to 4000 pixels. In other words, it offers four times the pixels of 1080p FHD or "Full HD."
• 8K or 4320p = 7680 x 4320 - is known as 8K and it offers 16 times more pixels than the regular 1080p FHD or "Full HD" resolution. For now, you see 8K only on expensive TVs from Samsung and LG. However, you can test whether your computer can render such a large amount of data using this 8K video sample:

The problem with 2K is that it does not exist for consumer devices

In cinematography, the 2K resolution exists, and it refers to 2048 × 1080. However, in the consumer market, it would be considered 1080p. To make things worse, some display manufacturers use the term 2K for resolutions like 2560x1440, because their displays have a horizontal resolution of 2000 pixels or more. Unfortunately, that is incorrect, as this resolution is 1440p, or Quad HD, and not 2K.

Therefore, when you hear about a TV, computer monitor, smartphone or tablet having a 2K resolution, this statement is incorrect. The real resolution is likely to be something like 1440p or Quad HD.

Can you see high-resolution videos on lower resolution screens?

You might wonder whether you can watch a high-resolution video on a smaller resolution screen. For example, is it possible to use a 720p TV to watch a 1080p video? The answer is yes! Regardless of what your screen resolution is, you can watch any video on it, no matter the video's resolution (higher or lower). However, if the video you want to watch has a higher resolution than that of your display, your device converts the video's resolution to one that fits the resolution of your display. This is called downsampling.

For example, if you want to watch a video with a 4K resolution on a 720p screen, that video is shown at 720p resolution, because that is all that your screen can offer.

What is the Aspect Ratio?

The term aspect ratio was initially used in motion pictures, indicating how wide the picture was in relation to its height. Movies were initially in 4:3 aspect ratio, and this carried over into television and early computer displays. Motion picture aspect ratio changed much more quickly to a wider screen, which meant that, when movies were shown on TV, they had to be cropped or the image had to be manipulated in other ways to fit the TV screen.

As display technology improved, TV and monitor manufacturers began to move toward widescreen displays as well. Originally "widescreen" referred to anything wider than the typical 4:3 display, but it quickly came to mean a 16:10 ratio and later 16:9. Nowadays, nearly all computer monitors and TVs are only available in widescreen, and TV broadcasts and web pages have adapted to match.

Until 2010, 16:10 was the most popular aspect ratio for widescreen computer displays. However, with the rise in popularity of high definition televisions, which were using high definition resolutions such as 720p and 1080p and made these terms synonyms with high-definition, 16:9 has become the high-definition standard aspect ratio.

Depending on the aspect ratio of your display, you can use only resolutions that are specific to its width and height. Some of the most common resolutions that can be used for each aspect ratio are the following:

• 4:3 aspect ratio resolutions: 640×480, 800×600, 960×720, 1024×768, 1280×960, 1400×1050, 1440×1080, 1600×1200, 1856×1392, 1920×1440, and 2048×1536.
• 16:10 aspect ratio resolutions: 1280×800, 1440×900, 1680×1050, 1920×1200, and 2560×1600.
• 16:9 aspect ratio resolutions: 1024×576, 1152×648, 1280×720 (HD), 1366×768, 1600×900, 1920×1080 (FHD), 2560×1440 (QHD), 3840×2160 (4K), and 7680 x 4320 (8K).

Is there a relation between aspect ratio and display orientation?

The display orientation refers to how you look at a screen: the most common screen orientations used are landscape and portrait. Landscape orientation means that the width of the screen is larger than its height, while portrait orientation means the opposite. Most large screens, such as the ones we use on our computers, laptops, or TVs, use landscape orientation. Smaller screens, such as the ones on our smartphones, are normally used in portrait mode, but, because their size allows you to easily rotate them, they can also be used in landscape mode. The aspect ratio of the screen defines the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side. Consequently, that means that the aspect ratio of the screen tells you the ratio of the width to height when you look at it in landscape mode. The aspect ratio is not used to describe screens (or any rectangular shapes) in portrait mode.

In other words, you could say that an aspect ratio of 16x9 is the same as 9x16, but the latter is not an accepted form of referring to aspect ratio. However, you can refer to the screen resolution in both ways. For example, a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels is the same as 1080x1920 pixels; it is just that the orientation differs.

How does the size of the screen affect resolution?

Although a 4:3 TV's display can be adjusted to show black bars at the top and bottom of the screen, while a widescreen movie or show is being displayed, this does not make sense with a monitor, so Windows does not even offer you the widescreen display as a choice. You can watch movies with black bars as if you were watching a TV screen, but this is done by your media player.

The most important thing is not the monitor size, but its ability to display higher resolution images. The higher you set the resolution, the smaller the images on the screen are, and there comes a point at which the text on the screen becomes so small it is not readable. On a larger monitor it is possible to push the resolution very high indeed, but if that monitor's pixel density is not up to par, you won't get the maximum possible resolution before the image becomes unreadable. In many cases, the monitor does not display anything at all if you tell Windows to use a resolution that the monitor cannot handle. In other words, do not expect miracles out of a cheap monitor. When it comes to high-definition displays, you definitely get what you pay for.

Do you have any other questions about screen resolutions?

If you are not technical, it is likely that you are confused by so many technicalities about displays and resolutions. Hopefully, this article has managed to help in your understanding of the most essential characteristics of a display: aspect ratio, resolutions or type. If you have any questions on this subject, do not hesitate to ask in the comments section below.

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