Waxaa jira siyaabo badan oo kala duwan oo loo dhiso shabakad kombuyuutar^{(computer network)} . Mesh network topology ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqonaya heerka cusub ee dahabka ee shabakadaha guriga, laakiin maxay ka dhigan tahay in la haysto "mesh topology"?

Waxaan kuu sharixi doonaa waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee aad u baahan tahay inaad ka ogaato shabakada topology-ga, sababta tignoolajiyada mesh ay u gaar tahay, iyo sababta ay caan ugu noqoto. 

Waa maxay macnaha "Topology"?

Topology waxaa loola jeedaa sida wax loo habeeyo iyadoo la xiriirta midba midka kale. Tusaale ahaan, khariidadda sare ee aagga looma isticmaalo hagitaan tafatiran, laakiin waxay tusinaysaa “sawirka wayn” habaynta dhibcaha xiisaha.

Marka la eego macnaha guud ee sayniska kombiyuutarka iyo shabakadaha, topology-ga waxaa loola jeedaa sida walxaha shabakadu isugu xiran yihiin. Waxay qeexaysaa qanjidhada shabakadu si toos ah ula xiriiri karto ka hor inta aan la marin marin kale.

Noocyada kale ee Shabakadda Topology

Waxaa jira shan nooc oo guud oo ah topology network, mid walbana wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin iyo faa'iido darrooyinkeeda.

Shabakadaha baska tooska ah ee Topology^{(Linear Bus Topology )} waxay leeyihiin dhammaan noodhka ku xiran hal fiilo. Fiiladaan waxaa loo yaqaanaa isku xirka "laf-dhabar", oo leh "terminator" gees kasta oo ka mid ah fiiladan weyn. Xogtu^(Data) waxay u socotaa hal jiho oo kaliya, oo loo yaqaan nidaamka "haf-duplex".

Kani waa habayn shabakad fudud oo aan u baahnayn fiilo badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daciifnimada baska topology waa in shabakada oo dhami ay joojiso shaqeynta haddii ay wax khaldamaan fiilada laf dhabarta. Sidoo kale way adag tahay in la tilmaamo aaladda shabakadda ee laga yaabo inay arrimaha keenayso, taasoo ka dhigaysa cilad-raadinta waqti-qaadasho.

Shabakadaha giraanta Topology^{(Ring Topology )} ma laha hal fiilo oo cidhif kasta leh. Taa baddalkeeda, dhammaan qanjidhada ayaa lagu habeeyaa goobaabin, iyada oo nood kastaa mar walba leedahay nood kale oo labada dhinac ah. Si ka duwan shabakadaha baska toosan, shabakadaha topology-ga giraanta waxay ku shaqeeyaan qaab laba-labo-buuxa ah si xogta loo diro oo la helo isku mar. Sida baska topology-ga, cilad kasta oo ka jirta fiilada ayaa hoos u dhigaysa shabakadda oo dhan.

Shabakadaha Star Topology^{(Star Topology )} waa nooca ugu badan ee shabakada guriga maanta. Halkan, dhammaan qanjidhada shabakada waxay si toos ah ugu xiran yihiin qalabka dhexe. Tani waxay noqon kartaa beddelka shabakad, hub, ama router. Dhammaan taraafikada shabakada waxay dhex maraan aaladdan aasaasiga ah.

Mid ka mid ah khasaaraha ka mid ah topology this waa suurtagalnimada ciriiriga shabakada iyo, dabcan, qalabka hub sida hal dhibic oo guuldarro ah. Waxa kale oo ay u baahan tahay fiilo ka badan kan sare ee shabakadaha shabakadaha ee shabakada fiilo leh.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan shabakadaha guriga, tani waa arrin aan jirin sababtoo ah inta badan qalabyada waxay ku xiran yihiin router-ka wireless-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo Wi-Fi , iyada oo Ethernet loo qoondeeyey qalab yar.

Tree Topology (loo yaqaan Expanded Star Topology, aka Hierarchical Topology)^{(Tree Topology (aka Expanded Star Topology, aka Hierarchical Topology) )} waxay qaadataa fikradda shabakad topology ah waxayna ku fidisaa qaab-dhismeedka geedka oo kale. Tusaale ahaan, router gurigaagu waa udub dhexaadka xiddigaaga topology, laakiin waa udub dhexaadka xiddig weyn oo leh router maxalli ah, kaas oo udubdhexaad u ah xiddig xitaa ka weyn. 

Shabakadaha xiddigaha ee kala duwan ayaa sidoo kale ku xiran fiilada laf dhabarta, sidaas darteed "jir" ee topology-ga geedku waa shabakad bas toosan, iyo "laamo" waa shabakado topology ah.

Maskaxda ku hay naqshadahan shabakadaha guud marka aan ka soo bixinayno topology mesh.

Mesh Topology

Shabakadda Mesh Topology waxay bixisaa xiriir toos ah oo ka dhexeeya labada nood. Si ka duwan sida baska ama giraanta topologiyada, taraafikada shabakadu maaha inay soo dhex marto marin kasta oo shabakada si ay u gaadho halka ay u socoto. Sidoo kale taraafikada shabakadu uma baahna inay dhex marto xudunta dhexe si la mid ah topology-ga xiddigaha. Labada noodoodba si gaar ah ayay u wada xidhiidhi karaan, iyada oo aanay jirin wax fursad ah oo qof kale oo shabakada ku jiraa uu dhegaysan karo.

Taasi waa run shabakadaha mesh-ka buuxa^{(full mesh)} , laakiin waxaa jira laba nooc oo shabakadda mesh topology, markaa aan si kooban u furno kan hore.

Mesh Topology Full Kasoo horjeeda Mesh Topology ee Qaybeed^{(Full Mesh Topology Versus Partial Mesh Topology)}

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo mesh topology ah. Shabakadaha Mesh-ka buuxa, noodh kasta ^{(Full Mesh )}oo^(every) shabakadu wuxuu leeyahay xidhiidh-dhibic-dhibcood oo kale oo kasta. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in meel kasta oo ay laba nood ku yaalliin shabakadda, uu jiro xiriir toos ah oo fiilo ah ama ka dhexeeya iyaga. Tani waxay u baahan tahay fiilooyinka ugu adag oo leh tirada isku xirka si degdeg ah iyada oo nood kasta lagu daray.

Shabakadda Mesh Partial^{(Partial Mesh )} waxay leedahay falsafada aasaasiga ah ee nashqaddeeda kaas oo qanjidhada shabakadu si toos ah ugu xidhmaan noodaha kale, laakiin nod kastaa kuma xidhna noodh kasta oo kale. Nood kastaa waxa uu ku xidhan yahay ugu yaraan hal nood oo kale, iyo inta badan in ka badan hal, laakiin qaybta qaybeedku uma dhawa mid adag.

Faa'iidooyinka Mesh Topology

Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee shabakadda mesh buuxa waa isku-xirnaanta aan joogtada ahayn. Xataa haddii xidhiidhka tooska ah ee ka dhexeeya tiro kasta oo nood ah uu guul-darraysto, had iyo jeer waxay ku dhex mari karaan marinka noodhka shabakad kale, xitaa haddii aanu ahayn mid degdeg ah. Xitaa si ka sii wanaagsan, way fududahay in la tilmaamo halka khaladku ka jiro naqshad ahaan, markaa hagaajinta arrimuhu way fududahay.

Dareenkaas, shabakadaha mesh buuxa waxay la mid yihiin internetka oo dhan, halkaas oo ugu yaraan hal waddo oo macquul ah oo gudbinta xogta had iyo jeer la heli karo, xitaa haddii qaybaha waaweyn ee shabakadaha hoos u dhacaan. Shabakadaha mesh-ka ah ee qayb ka mid ah waxay bixiyaan dib-u-celin yar, in kasta oo naqshadeeyayaasha shabakadu ay xoogga saari karaan siinta qanjidhada ugu muhiimsan isku xirka ugu badan, dheelitirka dib-u-celinta, qiimaha, iyo kakanaanta.

Marka laga soo tago inay yihiin kuwo aan la soo koobi karin, shabakadaha mesh waxay leeyihiin faa'iido la taaban karo oo ku saabsan waxqabadka shabakada maadaama noodhadhku ay dhammaan diri karaan oo heli karaan xogta isku mar, iyagoo dooranaya waddooyinka ugu waxtarka badan ee loo maro shabakadda. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in la isku halayn karo, waxqabadka isku xidhka daahitaanka hooseeya ee ku habboon IoT ( Internet of Things ) ee guryaha caqliga leh.

Shabakadaha mesh^(Mesh) waxay leeyihiin sir gaar ah tan iyo markii xogtu u dhexeyso aaladaha shabakada nidaamka mesh buuxa.

Ugu dambeyntiina, shabakadaha mesh waxay leeyihiin miisaan aad u fiican iyada oo aan si xun u saameyneynin waxqabadka shabakada ama bandwidth. Shabakadda mesh waxay si dabiici ah u kori kartaa wakhti ka dib iyadoo ku daraysa noodo cusub oo ku xidhi doona noodhka ugu dhow (mesh qayb ka mid ah) ama dhammaan qoraalada kale ( mesh buuxa).

Khasaarooyinka Mesh Topology

Labada khasaare ee ugu waaweyn ee mesh topology waa qiimaha iyo kakanaanta. Hababka mesh-ka qayb ka mid ah waxay caawiyaan isu-dheellitirka arrimahan, laakiin mesh-buuxa, shabakad fiilo leh ayaa la mid ah isku xirka shabakada caarada.

Shabakadaha mesh^(Mesh) waxay leeyihiin isticmaalka koronto ka sarreeya noocyada shabakadaha kale. Taasi waa sababta oo ah dhammaan qanjidhada waa inay noqdaan kuwo firfircoon oo daaran si ay u bixiyaan dariiqyada marinka xogta. Waxa kale oo jira culays dayactir oo muhiim ah maadaama qanjidhada gaarka ah ee soo saaraya arrimaha sabab kasta ay tahay in la hagaajiyo ama la beddelo si loo ilaaliyo waxqabadka shabakadda.

Shabakadaha Mesh Wireless-ka ee Guriga

Shabakadaha Deegaanka^{(Area Networks)} ( LANs )^(LANs) ee lagu isticmaalo guriga ayaa dhaqan ahaan ahaan jiray shabakado topology ah. Dhammaan aaladaha waxay ku xidhmaan router dhexe, hadday yihiin Wi-Fi ama Ethernet . Baahida loo qabo isku xirnaanta internetka ee guriga oo dhan ayaa sii kordheysa iyadoo ay kor u kacday qalabka casriga ah iyo qalabka guriga.

Aaladda dhexe waxay sababi kartaa cilad-xumo shaqo oo xaddidaysa gaadhista isku xirka fiilooyinka iyo calaamadaha wireless-ka iyada oo aan la isticmaalin soo-celiyeyaasha ama fidiyeyaasha^{(repeaters or extenders)} . Ku-celiyeyaasha iyo fidiyeyaasha waxay la yimaadaan qaabayn kakan iyo waxqabadka shabakadda oo ka sii xun, markaa maahan xalka ugu habboon ee isku xidhka guriga oo dhan.

Mesh network router-ka guriga ayaa tusaale u ah shabakadaha mesh-ga ama laga yaabee nooc ka mid ah topology-ga isku-dhafka ah. Node kasta kuma xidhna noodh kasta. Taa baddalkeeda, noodhka asaasiga ah wuxuu ku xiraa WAN ( Shabakadda Aagga Weyn^{(Wide Area Network)} ), taas oo ah hab kale oo lagu tixraacayo internetka weyn ee ka baxsan shabakadda gurigaaga.

Nambarkaas aasaasiga ah wuxuu si toos ah ugu xiran yahay aaladaha sida laptops-yada iyo taleefannada casriga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay dejisaa isku xirka wireless-ka ee unugyada shabakadaha kale ee mesh. Ruuter kasta oo^(Every) mesh ah wuxuu ku xidhaa unugga mesh-ga soo socda oo leh xawaaraha isku xirka ugu fiican iyo isku halaynta. Xidhiidhku wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka badan Wi-Fi ama Ethernet " backhaul", halkaas oo fiilada xawaaraha sare leh ay isku xirto qaar ka mid ah unugyada router-ka.

Marka qalabku u wareego guriga, si aan kala go 'lahayn ayaa loo kala bixiyaa inta u dhaxaysa unugyada mesh iyadoo mid walba uu u gudbinayo jidka internetka. Nodes-ka macmiilka^(Client) sida taleefannada casriga ah looma isticmaalo qayb ka mid ah mesh-ka. Ma jiro wax gaadiid ah oo loo maro hal qalab oo macmiil si toos ah mid kale. Dhammaan taraafikada waxay u gudbaan noodhka mesh router-ka ee kuugu dhow. Haddii aad rabto inaad balaadhiso shabakada si aad u horumariso waxqabadka ama caymiska, ku dar qaybo badan oo mesh ah.

Sida aad arki karto, shabakadaha bilaa-waayirka ah ee “mesh” ee isticmaalka guriga aad uma dhigna qaabka shabakada mesh-ga dhabta ah. Taa baddalkeeda, waxa ay la mid tahay in la haysto dhowr shabakadood oo-star-topology oo ay isku xidhan yihiin isku-xidho-hoosaadyo mesh-gaaban. 

Weli, tani waa xalka shabakadda guriga^{(seamless home network solution)} ee ugu horumarsan uguna aan fiicnayn . Mid aanu qof walba kula talin karno, adigoo u malaynaya in miisaaniyadaada ay ku fidi doonto tignoolajiyadan cusub.

What Is Mesh Network Topology?

There are many dіfferent ways to build a computer network. Mesh network topology is slowly becoming the new gold standard for home networks, but what does it mean to have a “mesh topology”?

We’ll explain the most important things you need to know about network topology, why mesh technology is unique, and why it’s becoming so popular. 

What Does “Topology” Mean?

Topology refers to how things are arranged in relation to each other. For example, an area’s topological map isn’t used much for detailed navigation, but it shows the “big picture” arrangement of points of interest.

In the context of computer science and networks, topology refers to how the elements of a network are linked together. It describes which nodes on a network can communicate directly before going through another node.

Other Types of Network Topology

There are five general types of network topology, each with its advantages and disadvantages.

Linear Bus Topology networks have all nodes connected to a single cable. This cable is known as a “backbone” connection, with a “terminator” at each end of this main cable. Data only flows in one direction at a time, known as a “half-duplex” system.

This is a simple network setup that doesn’t require much cabling. However, the weakness in a bus topology is that the entire network stops functioning if anything goes wrong with the backbone cable. It’s also hard to pinpoint which device on the network might be causing issues, making troubleshooting time-consuming.

Ring Topology networks don’t have a single cable with terminators on each end. Instead, all the nodes are arranged in a circle, with every node always having another node on both sides. Unlike linear bus topology networks, ring topology networks operate in a full-duplex mode so that data can be sent and received simultaneously. Like bus topology, any fault in the cable brings the whole network down.

Star Topology networks are the most common type of home network today. Here, all of the nodes in the network have a direct connection to a central device. This can be a network switch, hub, or router. All network traffic flows through this primary device.

One disadvantage of this topology is the potential for network congestion and, of course, the hub device as a single point of failure. It also requires much more cabling than the above network topologies in a wired network.

However, in most home networks, this is a non-issue since most devices are connected to the wireless router using Wi-Fi, with Ethernet reserved for a handful of devices.

Tree Topology (aka Expanded Star Topology, aka Hierarchical Topology) takes the idea of a star topology network and expands it into a tree-like architecture. For example, your home router is the center of your star topology, but it’s a node on a bigger star with a local router, which is a node on an even bigger star. 

The different star topology networks are also connected to a backbone cable, so the “trunk” of the tree topology is a linear bus network, and the “branches” are star topology networks.

Keep these general network designs in mind as we unpack mesh topology.

Mesh Topology

A Mesh Topology network offers a direct connection between any two nodes. Unlike bus or ring topologies, network traffic doesn’t have to pass through every node on the network to reach its destination. Nor does network traffic have to pass through a central hub as it does with a star topology. Any two nodes can communicate privately, with no chance that anyone else on the network can eavesdrop.

That’s true of full mesh networks, but there are two types of mesh network topology, so let’s briefly unpack the first.

Full Mesh Topology Versus Partial Mesh Topology

There are two types of mesh topology. In Full Mesh networks, every node on the network has a point-to-point connection to every other node. This means that no matter where two nodes are located on the network, there’s a direct wired or wireless connection between them. This requires the most complex wiring with the number of connections rapidly with every node added.

A Partial Mesh network has the same basic philosophy in its design that nodes on the network connect directly to other nodes, but not every node is connected to every other node. Every node is connected to at least one other node, and often more than one, but the partial mesh isn’t nearly as complex.

The Advantages of Mesh Topology

The main advantage of a full mesh network is redundant connections. Even if a direct connection between any number of nodes fails, they can always get through by routing through another network node, even if it isn’t as fast. Even better, it’s easy to pinpoint where the fault is by design, so fixing things is relatively easy.

In that sense, full mesh networks are like the internet as a whole, where at least one viable route for data transmission is always available, even if large network segments go down. Partial mesh networks offer less redundancy, although the network designers can concentrate on giving the most critical nodes the most connections, balancing redundancy, cost, and complexity.

Besides being redundant, mesh networks have a significant advantage regarding network performance since nodes can all send and receive data simultaneously, choosing the most efficient routes through the network. This means reliable, low latency networking performance perfect for IoT (Internet of Things) setups in smart homes.

Mesh networks have exceptional privacy since data moves between network devices in full mesh systems.

Finally, mesh networks have excellent scalability without negatively affecting network performance or bandwidth. A mesh network can grow organically over time by adding new nodes and hooking them into the nearest nodes (partial mesh) or all other notes (full mesh).

The Disadvantages of Mesh Topology

The two main disadvantages of mesh topology are cost and complexity. Partial mesh setups help balance these issues, but a full-mesh, wired network is like a spider’s web of connections.

Mesh networks have higher power consumption than other network types. That’s because all nodes must be active and turned on to provide routing paths for data. There’s also a significant maintenance burden since individual nodes that develop issues for any reason must be fixed or replaced to maintain network performance.

Wireless Mesh Networks in the Home

Local Area Networks (LANs) used in the home have traditionally been star topology networks. All devices connect to a central router, whether by Wi-Fi or Ethernet. The need for internet connectivity in the entire home is growing with the rise of smart devices and home appliances.

A centralized device can cause performance bottlenecks and limit the reach of both wired connections and wireless signals without using repeaters or extenders. Repeaters and extenders come with complex configurations and worse network performance, so they aren’t the ideal solution for whole-home networking.

Mesh network routers in the home are an example of partial mesh networks or perhaps a type of hybrid topology. Not all nodes are connected to every node. Instead, the primary node connects to the WAN (Wide Area Network), which is another way of referring to the greater internet beyond your home network.

That primary node is connected directly to devices like laptops and smartphones, but it also sets up dedicated wireless connections to other mesh network units. Every mesh router connects to the following mesh unit with the best connection speed and reliability. That connection can be over Wi-Fi or through Ethernet “backhaul,” where a high-speed cable connects some mesh router units.

As devices move around the home, they are seamlessly handed off between mesh units as each one relays the path to the internet. Client nodes such as smartphones are not used as part of the mesh. No traffic is routed through one client device directly to another. All traffic passes to the nearest mesh router node. If you want to expand the network to improve performance or coverage, add more mesh units.

As you can see, “mesh” wireless networks for home use don’t quite match the template of an actual mesh network. Instead, it’s more like having several star-topology networks linked together by a set of dedicated mesh sub-connections. 

Still, this is the most advanced and seamless home network solution. One we can recommend to anyone, assuming your budget will stretch to this new technology.

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