Ma haysaa kamarad cusub oo DSLR ah, kamarad hawleed, ama malaha casriga cusub? Ma rabtaa inaad ku darto kaadhka xusuusta? Ma^(Are) la yaaban tahay sida loo doorto kaadhka xusuusta saxda ah? Kahor intaadan taas samayn, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad fahamto waxa ay yihiin noocyada kala duwan ee kaararka xusuusta ee halkaas ka jira, oo ku habboon qalabkaaga gaarka ah. Akhri maqaalkan si aad u aragto kaadhadhka xusuusta ee ugu badan ee hadda la isticmaalo, micnaha magacyadoodu, maxay yihiin qiimaynta Heerka Xawaaraha , iyo in ka badan:^{(Speed Class)}

Waa maxay kaadhka xusuusta?

Kaararka xusuusta waa qalab elektaroonik ah oo yaryar oo loogu talagalay in lagu kaydiyo macluumaadka. ^{(Memory cards are small electronic devices designed to store information.)}Waxay caadi ahaan isticmaalaan xusuusta flash-ka, sida ulaha xusuusta USB ama darawallada adag. Kaararka xusuusta waxa lagu isticmaalaa gudaha kamaradaha dhijitaalka ah, talefannada casriga ah, tablet-yada, ciyaartoyga warbaahinta, Laptop-yada, konsaladaha gacanta, kamaradaha ilaalinta, iyo xataa kombuyuutarrada miiska qaarkood. Sababtoo ah waxay isticmaalaan xusuusta flash-ka, macluumaadka lagu kaydiyay kaadhka xusuusta ma lumo markaad furto. Waxa kale oo ay ka dhigan tahay in aad nuqul ka samayn karto, guurto, oo aad tirtiri karto faylasha, iyo sidoo kale ^{(you can copy, move, and delete files, as well as)} qaabaynta kaararka xusuusta^{(format memory cards)} mar kasta oo aad rabto.

Si ka duwan sida flash -yada USB^(USB) -ga, kaadhadhka xusuusta, uma isticmaashid dekedda USB si aad ugu xirto aaladaha kale. Taa baddalkeeda, kaadhadhka xusuusta ayaa si toos ah ugu xirma iyada oo loo marayo is-dhexgalka hardware-ka gaarka ah, oo loo yaqaan boosaska^(slots) , oo laga heli karo qalabka taageera.

Immisa nooc oo kaadhadhka xusuusta ah ayaa jira?

Tobaneeyo sano ka hor, waxaa jiray noocyo badan oo kaararka xusuusta ah oo la heli karo, oo ay abuureen shirkado badan oo qalabaysan. In kasta oo shirkado badan ay isku dayeen in ay dejiyaan heerka kaararka xusuusta ee u gaar ah, kaliya in yar ayaa ku guuleystey tartanka. Maanta, kaadhadhka xusuusta badankoodu waa qayb ka mid ah labada qoys ee waaweyn: Secure Digital iyo CompactFlash . Aynu aragno mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waxa uu bixiyo:

Waa maxay noocyada kala duwan ee kaararka SD?

Secure Digital , oo si fiican loogu yaqaanno soo gaabintiisa SD^(SD) , waxaa ku jira noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo kaararka SD ah, oo leh qaabab iyo cabbirro kala duwan:

• SD (Secure Digital) - nooc hore oo kaadhka xusuusta ah oo leh awood kaydineed ilaa 2 GB, oo qaab ahaan loogu qaabeeyey FAT16 . Kaararka SD waxay leeyihiin cabbir jireed 32 × 24 × 2.1 mm . Cabirkani waxa uu noqday wax caadi ah dhammaan noocyada kale ee cusub ee kaararka SD, sida SDHC , SDXC , ama SDUC . Maalmahan^(Nowadays) , dad badan ayaa isticmaalaya ereyga SD si ay u tixraacaan kaararka cusub ee SDHC , SDXC , ama SDUC sidoo kale.
• microSD waa noocyo yar oo kaararka SD ah, kuwaas oo leh cabbir caadi ah 15 × 11 × 1 mm . microSD sidoo kale waa nooc duug ah oo kaadhka xusuusta ah, oo leh awoodda kaydinta ugu badan ee 2 GB. Cabbirkooda jireed waxaa loo habeeyay noocyada cusub ee microSDHC, microSDXC, iyo kaararka microSDUC. Sidoo kale, dadku waxay kaadhadhkan u yaqaaniin kaadhadhka microSD, inkasta oo aanay taasi farsamo ahaan sax ahayn.
• Kaararka miniSD^(miniSD) way ka yar yihiin kaararka SD ee caadiga ah laakiin waxay ka weyn yihiin kaararka microSD: 21.5 × 20 × 1.4 mm . Haddii kale, waxay leeyihiin baaxad la mid ah awoodda kaydinta sida kaararka SD/microSD .
• Kaararka SDHC (Secure Digital Capacity High)^{(SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity))} waxay la mid yihiin SD marka loo eego cabbirka, cabbirka, iyo xawaaraha, laakiin waxay leeyihiin awood kaydineed oo u dhaxaysa 2 GB iyo 32 GB. Sidoo kale, kaadhadhka SDHC waxa loo qaabeeyey qaab caadi ah FAT32 .
• microSDHC waa nooca la yareeyey ee SDHC . Micro SDHC kaadhadhku waxay kaloo kaydin karaan ilaa 32 GB oo xog ah.
• Kaararka miniSDHC^(miniSDHC) waxay le'eg yihiin cabbirka jirka sida kaararka miniSD, laakiin waxay la mid yihiin tafaasiisha SDHC^(SDHC) , oo leh cabbir kaydineed ilaa 32 GB.
• SDXC (Awoodda Dheeraadka ah ee Dijitaalka ah ee sugan)^{(SDXC (Secure Digital Extended Capacity))} waa nooca la hagaajiyay ee SDHC . Iyadoo la ilaalinayo isla dhinacyada jireed ee SD, kaadhadhka SDXC waxay hayn karaan ilaa 2 TB oo faylal ah, iyo sidoo kale waxay bixiyaan xawaare xawli ah oo xog ah. Kaararka SDXC^(SDXC) waxaa loo qaabeeyey, si caadi ah, iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka faylka exFAT.
• Kaararka microSDXC^(microSDXC) waxay leeyihiin cabbir jireed la mid ah kan microSD iyo microSDHC, laakiin aad bay u dheereeyaan, awooddooda kaydintuna waxay aragti ahaan kor u dhaafi kartaa 2 TB.
• SDUC (Secure Digital Capacity Capacity)^{(SDUC (Secure Digital Ultra Capacity))} kaadhadhku waxay hayaan isla dhisme jidheed oo la mid ah kaadhadhka SD/SDHC/SDXC , laakiin awooddooda kaydinta ugu badan ayaa aad uga weyn, iyadoo ugu badnaan aragti ahaan 128 TB ah. Sida caadiga ah, kaararka SDUC waxaa loo qaabeeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo exFAT .
• microSDUC waa nooca la yareeyey ee SDUC . Waxay leeyihiin cabbir la mid ah kaararka microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC, laakiin dhammaan faa'iidooyinka xawaaraha iyo booska kaydinta kaararka SDUC ee caadiga ah.

Si lagaaga caawiyo inaad macne u yeelato dhammaan xogtan, eeg isbarbardhigga hoose:

Sida laga yaabo inaad ka dareentay liiska, maanaan xusin miniSDXC ama miniSDUC kaararka. Taasi waa sababta oo ah qaabkan cabbirka ayaa laga tagay, mana jiraan kaarar xusuusta oo kale ah oo laga heli karo suuqa.

Intee in le'eg ayay u badan yihiin kaararka xusuusta SD, maxayse ka dhigan tahay heerka xawaaraha kaadhka?

Markaad tixraacayso xawaaraha kaararka SD, qiimeynta iyo kala soocida aad ku aragto iyaga waxay tixraacayaan akhrinta iyo/ama qorista isku xigta. Arrinka ugu muhiimsan ee la texgelinayo marka aad eegayso xawaaraha la xayeysiiyay ee kaadhka SD waa sida baskiisu u dheereeyo. Tusaale ahaan, kaararka SD qaarkood, waxaad ku arki kartaa waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin UHS ama UHS-II oo ay daabaceen soo saarayaashooda.

Macluumaadkan ayaa kaa caawin kara inaad fahamto sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee kaarka SD loogu qiimeeyo inuu yahay, xaaladaha caadiga ah. Basaska sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo kaararka SD waayadan:

• Xawaaraha^(Default) baska ee caadiga ah waxa uu ka dhigan yahay in kaarka SD ee leh qiimayntan (ama aan waxba qiimaynaynba) uu akhriyi karo oo qori karo xogta ilaa 12.5 MB/s .
• Xawaaraha Sare (HS)^{(High Speed (HS))} wuxuu bixiyaa labanlaab xawaaraha caadiga ah - 25 MB/s labadaba akhriska iyo qorista xogta ee kaarka SD.
• UHS-I (Ultra High Speed ​​I) Kaararka SD waxay gaari karaan xawaare wax-akhris/qoraal ah oo ah 50 MB/s (duplex) marka xogta la wareejiyo labada siyood iyo ilaa 104 MB/s marka xogta lagu wareejiyo hal hab oo keliya (nus -duplex, akhri ama qor).
• UHS-II (Ultra High-Speed ​​​​II) waxay kordhisaa xawaaraha akhrinta/qorista ilaa 156 MB/s ee laba-duplex-buuxa ah iyo 312 MB/s badh-duplex.
• UHS-III (Xawaaraha Sare ee Sare III)^{(UHS-III (Ultra High Speed III))} wuu sii socdaa xitaa sare, wuxuu gaarayaa 312 MB/s qaab laba-duplex ah iyo 624 MB/s oo ah qaabka laba-duplex.

Basaska UHS waxa kaliya oo laga helaa SDHC , SDXC , kaararka SDUC , iyo kala duwanaanshahooda yaryar. Basaska UHS^(UHS) kuma taageeraan kaararka SD jiilka kowaad.

Qodobka labaad ee muhiimka ah ee go'aaminta xawaaraha akhrinta iyo qorista kaarka SD waa qiimayntiisa heerka. Qiimayntani waxay noo sheegaysaa xawaraha ugu yar ee joogtada ah ee kaadhka xusuusta, oo lagu cabiro megabyte la wareejiyo ilbiriqsikii. Qiimaynta heerka SD^{(SD Class)} waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex qaybood oo kala duwan:

• Heerka Xawaaraha^{(Speed Class)} waxaa loo isticmaalaa kaararka xusuusta ee SDHC wuxuuna la mid noqonayaa 2, 4, 6, 8, ama 10. Nambar kastaa wuxuu kuu sheegayaa xawaaraha ugu yar ee lagu muujiyey MB/s . Tusaale ahaan, Heerka Xawaaraha^{(Speed Class)} 2 macnaheedu waa in kaadhka xusuusta uu leeyahay xawaaraha ugu yar ee 2 MB/s . Kaarka heerka 10 ee^{(A Class 10)} SD waxa uu leeyahay xawaaraha ugu yar ee 10 MB/s , iyo wixii la mid ah.
• Heerka Xawaaraha UHS^{(UHS Speed Class)} waa qiimeynta xawaaraha loo isticmaalo SDHC iyo SDXC kaararka xusuusta ee isticmaala baska UHS . Fasalada Xawaaraha UHS^{(UHS Speed Classes)} waxay yeelan karaan laba qiima midkood: 1 ama 3. Kaarka xusuusta leh ee UHS Class 1 ka dhigan yahay xawaarihiisa ugu yar waa 10 MB/s , halka kaarka UHS Class 3 uu leeyahay xawaarihii ugu yaraa ee 30 MB/s .
• Fasalka Xawaaraha Fiidiyowga^{(Video Speed Class)} , ama V Class oo gaaban, waxaa loo isticmaalaa qiimeyn ahaan kaararka xusuusta ee loogu talagalay inay ku shaqeeyaan aaladaha duubista fiidiyowga. Qiimayntani waxay kuu xaqiijinaysaa in kaadhku uu taageeri karo xawaaraha ugu yar ee loo baahan yahay duubista fiidyaha. Waxaa jira shan V Class es: V6, V10 , V30 , V60 , iyo V90 . Nambarada ka dambeeya V ayaa kuu sheegaya xawaaraha ugu yar ee kaadhka. Tusaale ahaan, V10 waxay ka dhigan tahay in kaarku uu leeyahay xawaraha wareejinta ugu yaraan 10 MB/s marka la eego xaaladda ugu xun, V60 wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa xawaaraha ugu yar ee 60 MB/s , iyo wixii la mid ah.

Si loo soo koobo kala duwanaanshaha xawaaraha, eeg shaxda hoose:

Mid ka mid ah kiisaska ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo kaararka SD waa bixinta meel lagu kaydiyo cajaladaha fiidiyowga. Haddi aad isticmaashid kamarada fiidiyooga,camka ficilka ama xataa casriga ah, kuma filna inaad soo iibsato kaadhka xusuusta oo meelo badan loogu duubo. Waa inaad sidoo kale si fiican u eegtaa sida uu u dhaqsaha badan yahay kaadhka xusuusta, si aad u hubiso inuu maarayn karo duubista fiidiyowga xalka aad doorbidayso. Akhri shaxda hoose, halkaas oo aad ka arki karto fasalada xawaaraha^(Speed) kaadhkaagu waa inuu lahaadaa noocyada kala duwan ee xaaladaha duubista fiidiyowga:

Waa maxay Compact Flash iyo yaa isticmaalaya kaadhadhka xusuusta ee CF?

CompactFlash , oo ay u yaqaanaan qaar badan oo hoos yimaada CF , waa qaabka kaadhka xusuusta kaas oo inta badan loo isticmaalo sawir-gacmeed iyo sawir-qaade heer sare ah. Canon iyo Nikon ayaa ka mid ah shirkadaha doorta inay ku isticmaalaan CompactFlash qalabkooda elegtarooniga ah.

Waagii hore, kaadhadhka CF waxaa loo isticmaali jiray inay bixiyaan labadaba awood kaydinta oo waaweyn iyo xawaarahooda wareejinta xogta ka dhakhso badan marka loo eego noocyada kale ee kaararka xusuusta ay sameeyeen. Taasi waa sababta kaadhadhka CompactFlash ay door bideen xirfadlayaasha sawirka iyo muuqaalka. Qaar baa sidoo kale jeclaaday kaararka CF sababtoo ah cabbirkooda jireed ee weyn, taas oo u sahlaysa in ay wax ka qabtaan oo ay adagtahay in la lumiyo.

Sababtoo ah awooddooda kaydinta ee weyn, iyo sidoo kale xawaarahooda degdega ah, Kaararka CompactFlash waxay si fiican u qabteen suuqa oo weli la isticmaalo oo la heli karo maanta. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo kaararka CF ah:

• Kaararka CompactFlash I^{(CompactFlash I)} waxay leeyihiin awood kaydin oo kor u qaadi karta ilaa 128 PB (ugu badnaan la heli karo adduunka dhabta ah hadda waa 512 GB) iyo cabbir jireed oo caadi ah oo ah 43 × 36 × 3.3 mm.
• Kaararka CompactFlash II^{(CompactFlash II)} waxay leeyihiin sifooyin la mid ah nooca I laakiin way ka dhumuc weyn yihiin: 43 × 36 × 5 mm.

CompactFlash waxaa beddelay CFexpress , oo ah nooca kaararka xusuusta oo si cajiib ah u degdegi kara, maadaama ay isticmaalayaan PCI Express 3.0 oo ay taageeraan NVMe . Nasiib darro, kaararka CFexpress maaha kuwo la jaan qaadaya boosaska CF, maadaama ay labaduba leeyihiin cabbir jireed oo kala duwan (38.5 × 29.8 × 3.8 mm) oo adeegsada tignoolajiyada cusub.

Ma qabtaa su'aalo kale oo ku saabsan kaararka xusuusta?

Waxaan rajeyneynaa in maqaalkani uu ahaa mid waxtar leh oo aad hadda si fiican u fahamtay noocyada kala duwan ee kaararka xusuusta. Kahor intaadan xidhin, noo sheeg haddii aad hayso su'aalo kale oo ku saabsan kaararka xusuusta. Ma haysaa wax aad ku darto hagahayaga? Isticmaal qaybta faallooyinka ee hoose si aad noogu soo sheegto.

What are the different types of memory cards? What do their specs mean?

Do yоu have a new DSLR camera, an action camera, or maybe a new smartphone? Do you want to add a memorу card to it? Are you wondering how to choose the right memory card? Before you do that, you need to understand what are the different types of mеmory cards out there, and which fits your specific device. Read this article to see the most common memory cards used right now, whаt their names mean, what Speed Class ratings are, and more:

What is a memory card?

Memory cards are small electronic devices designed to store information. They typically use flash memory, just like USB memory sticks or solid-state drives. Memory cards are used inside digital cameras, smartphones, tablets, media players, laptops, mobile consoles, surveillance cameras, and even in some desktop computers. Because they use flash memory, the information saved on a memory card is not lost when you unplug it. It also means that you can copy, move, and delete files, as well as format memory cards whenever you want.

Unlike USB flash drives, for memory cards, you don't use a USB port to plug them into other devices. Instead, memory cards directly connect via special hardware interfaces, called slots, available on the devices that support them.

How many different types of memory cards are there?

Decades ago, there were many different types of memory cards available, created by many hardware manufacturers. Although many companies tried to set their own memory card standards, only a few have managed to win the competition. Today, most memory cards are part of one of the two main families: Secure Digital and CompactFlash. Let's see what each of them has to offer:

What are the different types of SD cards?

Secure Digital, better known by its SD acronym, includes many different types of SD cards, with different shapes and sizes:

• SD (Secure Digital) - an old type of memory card that has storage capacities up to 2 GB, formatted by default in FAT16. SD cards have a physical size of 32 × 24 × 2.1 mm. This size has become the norm for all the other, newer versions of SD cards, such as SDHC, SDXC, or SDUC. Nowadays, many people are using the term SD to refer to the newer SDHC, SDXC, or SDUC memory cards too.
• microSD are miniaturized versions of SD cards, which have a standard size of 15 × 11 × 1 mm. microSD is also an old type of memory card, with a maximum storage capacity of 2 GB. Their physical size was kept for the newer versions of microSDHC, microSDXC, and microSDUC cards. Also, people refer to these cards as microSD cards, although that is not technically correct.
• miniSD cards are smaller than regular SD cards but larger than microSD cards: 21.5 × 20 × 1.4 mm. Otherwise, they have the same storage capacity range as SD/microSD cards.
• SDHC (Secure Digital High Capacity) cards are identical to SD in terms of size, dimensions, and speed, but have a range of storage capacity between 2 GB and 32 GB. Also, SDHC cards are formatted by default in FAT32.
• microSDHC is the miniaturized version of SDHC. microSDHC cards can also store up to 32 GB of data on them.
• miniSDHC cards have the same body size as miniSD cards, but the same specs as SDHC, with a storage size of up to 32 GB.
• SDXC (Secure Digital Extended Capacity) is an improved version of SDHC. While keeping the same physical aspects as SD, SDXC cards can hold up to 2 TB of files, and also provide faster data transfer speeds. SDXC cards are formatted, by default, using the exFAT file system.
• microSDXC cards have the same physical size as microSD and microSDHC cards, but they're faster, and their storage capacity can theoretically go up to 2 TB.
• SDUC (Secure Digital Ultra Capacity) cards retain the same physical build of SD/SDHC/SDXC cards, but their maximum storage capacity is much greater, with a theoretical maximum of 128 TB. By default, SDUC cards come formatted using exFAT.
• microSDUC is the miniaturized version of SDUC. They have the same size as microSD/microSDHC/microSDXC cards, but all the benefits in speed and storage space of regular SDUC cards.

To help you make sense of all this data, take a look at the comparison below:

As you might have noticed from the list, we did not mention miniSDXC or miniSDUC cards. That's because this size format has been abandoned, and there are no such memory cards available on the market.

How fast are SD memory cards, and what does card speed class mean?

When referring to the speed of SD cards, the ratings and classifications you see on them refer to the sequential read and/or write speeds. The main factor to take into consideration when you're looking at the advertised speeds of an SD card is how fast its bus is. For example, on some SD cards, you might see things such as UHS or UHS-II printed by their manufacturers.

This information can help you understand how fast an SD card is rated to be, under normal conditions. The commonly used buses on SD cards nowadays are:

• Default bus speed means that the SD card with this rating (or no rating at all) can read and write data at up to 12.5 MB/s.
• High Speed (HS) offers double the default speed - 25 MB/s for both reading and writing data on the SD card.
• UHS-I (Ultra High Speed I) SD cards can reach a read/write speed of 50 MB/s (full-duplex) when data is transferred both ways and up to 104 MB/s when data is transferred one way only (half-duplex, read or write).
• UHS-II (Ultra High-Speed II) increases the read/write speeds up to 156 MB/s in full-duplex and 312 MB/s in half-duplex.
• UHS-III (Ultra High Speed III) goes even higher, reaching 312 MB/s in full-duplex mode and 624 MB/s in half-duplex mode.

The UHS buses are only found on SDHC, SDXC, SDUC cards, and their micro variants. UHS buses are not supported by first generation SD cards.

The second important factor in determining the read and write speeds of an SD card is its Class rating. This rating tells us the minimum sustained speed of a memory card, measured in transferred megabytes per second. SD Class ratings are divided into three different categories:

• Speed Class is used for SDHC memory cards and can be equal to 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10. Each number tells you the minimum speed expressed in MB/s. For example, a Speed Class of 2 means that the memory card has a minimum sustained speed of 2 MB/s. A Class 10 SD card has a minimum speed of 10 MB/s, and so on.
• UHS Speed Class is a speed rating used for SDHC and SDXC memory cards that use a UHS bus. The UHS Speed Classes can have one of two values: 1 or 3. A memory card with UHS Class 1 means its minimum speed is equal to 10 MB/s, while a UHS Class 3 card has a minimum speed of 30 MB/s.
• Video Speed Class, or V Class in short, is used as a rating for memory cards designed to work with video recording devices. This rating assures you that a card can support the minimum speeds needed for recording video. There are five V Classes: V6, V10, V30, V60, and V90. The numbers that come after V tell you the minimum sustained speed of the card. For example, V10 means that the card has a transfer speed of at least 10 MB/s in the worst scenario, V60 works at a minimum speed of 60 MB/s, and so on.

To summarize the speed differences, take a look at the table below:

One of the most common use cases for SD cards is for providing storage space for video recordings. Whether you use a video camera, an action cam, or even a smartphone, it is not enough to just buy a memory card with a lot of space for your recordings. You should also take a good look at how fast that memory card is, to make sure that it can handle video recording in the resolution you prefer. Read the table below, where you can see what Speed Classes your card should have for different types of video recording scenarios:

What is Compact Flash and who's using CF memory cards?

CompactFlash, known by many under its acronym CF, is a memory card format that's mainly used in professional and high-end digital photo and video cameras. Canon and Nikon are among the companies that choose to use CompactFlash on their electronic devices.

In the past, CF cards used to offer both larger storage capacities and faster data transfer speeds than other types of memory cards did. That's why CompactFlash cards were preferred by photo and video professionals. Some also liked CF cards more because of their bigger physical size, which made them easier to handle and harder to lose.

Because of their larger storage capacity, as well as their fast speeds, CompactFlash cards have held well on the market and are still used and available today. There are two types of CF cards:

• CompactFlash I cards have storage capacities that can go up to 128 PB (maximum available in the real world right now is 512 GB) and a standard physical size of 43 × 36 × 3.3 mm.
• CompactFlash II cards have the same specs as Type I but are thicker: 43 × 36 × 5 mm.

CompactFlash has been superseded by CFexpress, a type of memory cards that can be incredibly fast, as they're using PCI Express 3.0 and support NVMe. Unfortunately, CFexpress cards are not backward compatible with CF slots, as they have both different physical sizes (38.5 × 29.8 × 3.8 mm) and use newer technologies.

Do you have any other questions about memory cards?

We hope that this article has been helpful and that you now have a better grasp of the different types of memory cards. Before closing, tell us if you have any other questions about memory cards. Do you have anything to add to our guide? Use the comments section below to let us know.

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