Haddii qof laga soo bilaabo waagii hore ee taleefannada gacanta uu u boodo ilaa maantadan la joogo, waxa laga yaabaa in uu ku wareero in mid ka mid ah sifooyinka aanu aadka u danayno telefoonadayada ay tahay kamaradaha. 

Kaamirooyinka taleefoonada ee hore waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u xun, laakiin awooda inaad ku haysato kamarad meel kasta oo aad tagto, waxay si dhakhso ah uga dhigtay inay aad caan u noqdaan. Soo-saareyaashu waxay sidaas ku shubeen hanti buuxda horumarinta kamaradaha, hadda waxaan haynaa taleefanno leh kamarado kuwaas oo siin kara kamaradaha xirfadlayaasha ah si ay ugu ordaan lacagtooda. Ugu yaraan hoos shuruudaha saxda ah. 

Hal shay oo in yar oo kamaradaha casriga ah ay haystaan ​​si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa zoom indhaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee waxaad bilaabi doontaa inaad ku aragto taleefanno badan oo cusub marka uu wakhtigu sii socdo. Taas oo^(Which) ka dhigaysa wakhtiga ku habboon in laga wada hadlo arrinta zoom-ka dhijitaalka ah vs.

Waa maxay "Zoom"?

Waxay u badan tahay in aad hore u ogeyd waxa ay tahay zoom ka kamarad. Ugu yaraan, waad garanaysaa waxay qabato. "Zooming" waa shaqo ka dhigaysa mawduuc sawirkaaga ka jira oo meel fog ka ag muuqda. Saamaynta sawirku waa in asal ahaan dib loo habeeyo iyada oo la samaynayo shayga ama qofka buuxinaya boos badan.

Waxaa jira siyaabo kala duwan oo lagu gaaro saameyntan, laakiin inta badan kamaradaha casriga ah waxay isticmaalaan habka loo yaqaan zoom digital. Si loo fahmo sida zoom-ka indhaha uu uga duwan yahay habka zoom dhijitaalka ah ee aan hadda isticmaalno, waa inaan marka hore sharaxnaa zoom dhijitaalka ah maadaama hadda loo isticmaalo inta badan taleefannada.

Qof kastaa wuu Sameynayaa: Soo Dhaweynta Dijital ah

Soo-dhoweynta dhijitaalka ah^(Digital) ayaa aad ula mid ah goynta iyo dib u habeynta sawirka codsiga sida PhotoShop . Farqiga ugu weyni waa in aad si toos ah u samaynayso, marka aad sawir qaadayso ama samaynayso muuqaal. Haddaba maxay tahay arrintu? Dhammaan waxay hoos ugu soo dhacayaan pixels. Taas^(Which) oo ah meesha "dijital" ee zoom dhijitaalka ah ay ka timaado.

Marka aad balaadhiso sawirka dhijitaalka ah, waxa ay noqonaysaa mid aad u “pixelated”. Taasi waa sababta oo ah waxaad haysataa sahay go'an oo pixels ah. Sida kaliya ee lagu soo dhaweyn karo waa in pixels-ka laga dhigo mid weyn. Sawirku wuxuu noqdaa mid miro dhal ah, jeexjeexan wuxuuna ku dhamaanayaa muuqaal hoose oo aamin ah.

Taasi waxay u egtahay wax yar oo musiibo ah markaa talefannada casriga ah, laakiin farsamooyin kala duwan ayaa ay sameeyeen soosaarayaasha casriga ah sannadihii la soo dhaafay si ay uga dhigaan saamaynta pixelation ee sawirada digitally-zoomed dhib yar. Maadaama kamaradaha telefoonada casriga ahi ay leeyihiin dareemayaal awood u leh inay qabtaan pixels badan oo ka badan inta dadka badankoodu u baahan yihiin. Markaa, waxaad ku dallaci^(crop) kartaa qayb ka mid ah xallinta dareemayaasha oo buuxa adiga oo aan lumin wax tayo ah. 

Taasi waa wax fiican haddii aad rabto inaad qabato sawir ku habboon warbaahinta bulshada^{(social media)} , laakiin haddii aad rabto inaad sawir ka qaadato xallinta buuxda ee kamaraddaada, ma soo jiidi kartid qayb ka mid ah iyada oo aan lumin faahfaahinta. 

Dadka intiisa badan waxa laga yaabaa in aanay dan ka lahayn in ay haystaan ​​muuqaallo cabbir buuxa leh oo aan lagu dhejin karin Facebook^(InstaGram) ama InstaGram^(FaceBook) tayadooda runta ah si kastaba. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad aad u badan ayaa si dhab ah u qaadaya sawirka casriga ah. Taas oo^(Which) macnaheedu yahay in uu jiro suuq lagu heli karo xalal qiimo badan. Taas^(Which) oo ah meesha zoom indhaha ka soo galo sawirka. 

Pun gabi ahaanba loogu talagalay.

Laacidda Iftiinka: Soo Dhawaynta Aragga

zoom indhaha waa si fudud habka zoom ee isticmaala iftiinka si uu u weyneeyo sawirka. Waxay u shaqeysaa si la mid ah muraayadda weyneynta, oo ku foorarta iftiinka dhexda indhaha (lens) si ay u abuurto sawir weyn.

Kaamirada loo qoondeeyay, sida DSLR (kamerada falcelinta lenska-dijitaalka ah), waxa aad leedahay isu imaatinka muraayadaha waaweyn ee soo jiidan kara iyagoo jidh ahaan u dhaqaajinaya muraayadda hore iyo dib. Tani waxay beddeshaa dhererka u dhexeeya muraayadda iyo dareenka kamarada. Ku odoroska sawirka weyn ee dareemayaasha oo dhan.

Sida aad u badan tahay inaad ka garan karto habka ay u shaqeyso, tani waxay la macno tahay in sawirka la ballaariyay ee lagu saadaaliyay muraayadda uu daboolayo dhammaan, dareenka xallinta buuxa ee iftiinka. Taas macneheedu waxa weeye sawirka la soo dhoweeyey ayaa si sax ah u leh tafaasiil badan sida sawirka buuxa ee kamarada leh zoom dhijitaalka ah oo kaliya. Runtii waa weynaynta sawirka aan lumin.

Soo-dhoweynta indhaha ayaa ku adag^{(Zoom Is Hard)} taleefoonka casriga ah

Helitaanka zoom indhaha ee casriga ah maaha arrin fudud. Dhab ahaantii ma lahaan kartid muraayad weyn oo muraayad-matoor ah oo ku taal dhabarka taleefanka. Inkastoo, tani dhab ahaantii la isku dayay. Tusaale ahaan, Samsung Galaxy S4 Zoom asal ahaan wuxuu ahaa casriga casriga ah oo leh kamarad dhijitaal ah oo is haysta oo dhabarka ku dheggan. Bal ila daawo:

Waxaa cad in taasi aysan ahayn wax aad ku simbiriirixan karto jeebkaaga, taas oo ah sababta habkani uusan waligiis u qabsan. Taa baddalkeeda, taleefannada casriga ah ee casriga ahi waxay si fudud ugu dhejiyaan kamarado farabadan oo ku dhegan gadaasha taleefannadayada. Kamarad kastaa waxay leedahay fogaan fog oo fog oo kala duwan, markaa markaad ku darto dhammaan kamaradaha, waxaad helaysaa kala duwanaansho zoom ah.

Tani la mid ma aha in la haysto, tusaale ahaan, lens telephoto weyn ee DSLR . Taasi waa sababta oo ah waxaad dhaqaajin kartaa dhererka fog ee lenska telephoto si aad diiradda u saarto sawirka heerar kala duwan oo zoom ah isla dareeme isku mid ah. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay inta badan qalabka casriga ee kamaradaha badan waxay leeyihiin dareemayaal kala duwan muraayad kasta. Kamarada ugu weyn waxay leedahay dareeme ugu weyn oo leh tirinta pixel-ka ugu sarreeya. Kaamirooyinka xagal-ballaaran iyo telephoto ee ku ciyaaraya kuwa yaryar, dareemayaasha jaban.

Tani miyaanay burinayn nuxurka oo dhan? Waa hagaag^(Well) dareen ahaan way samaynaysaa, laakiin habaynta kamaradaha badan ayaa wali ku bixiya soo dhawaynta tayada sare leh ee taleefanka. Injineerada ayaa la yimid habab ay isugu geeyaan habab kala duwan si ay u soo dhaweeyaan shay ka weyn wadarta qaybihiisa.

Labada Adduun ee ugu Wanaagsan: Soo Dhawaynta Isku-dhafka ah

Waxa loogu yeero hababka zoom "hybrid" waxay isticmaalaan awooda indhaha ee kamaradaha korka saaran oo ay la socdaan zoom dhijitaalka ah iyo shay loo yaqaan "sawir xisaabeed".

Sawir-qaadista xisaabinta^{(Computational)} waxa loola jeedaa tiro farsamooyin software ah oo adeegsada garaadka macmalka ah iyo hababka kale ee xisaabta ee quruxda badan si loo beddelo oo kor loogu qaado sawirrada ay kamaradu qaadi karto. Tusaale ahaan, sirdoonka macmalku^{(artificial intelligence)} wuxuu kordhin karaa xallinta sawirka "magining" waxa uu u ekaan lahaa xallin sare. 

Waxay u ekaan kartaa sixir, laakiin dhab ahaantii si fiican ayay u shaqeysaa inta badan kiisaska. Farsamooyinka softiweerka^(Software) ah ee kuwan oo kale ah ayaa sidoo kale kaa caawin kara in la isku daro sawirada kala duwan ee kamaradaha dusha saaran si kor loogu qaado faahfaahinta sawirka dhamaadka sare ee kala duwanaanshaha zoom ee indhaha. Xataa marka zoom dhijitaalku soo galo ciyaarta, dhammaan ilahan xogta sawirka iyo algorithms software smart waxay abuuri karaan sawirro qurux badan.

Ma u baahan tahay in aad danaynayso soo dhawaynta^{(Optical Zoom)} indhaha ee casriga ah^{(A Smartphone)} ?

Taleefannada casriga ah ee dhamaadka-sare sida iPhone 12 waxay leeyihiin kala duwanaansho muuqaal-muuqaal oo wanaagsan. Runtii maahan "telephoto" si kasta oo male-awaal ah, laakiin guud ahaan waxaad filan kartaa 2x ilaa 2.5x cabirka sawirka korodhka iyada oo aan lahayn pixelation. Tani waxay ku fiican tahay kiisaska isticmaalka caadiga ah sida qaadashada sawir shay macquul ah oo u dhow, kaas oo aadan u dhowaan karin jir ahaan.

Dhab ahaantii waa sifo fiican in la haysto, laakiin inta badan isticmaalayaasha ayaa si fiican ugu farxi doona zoom dhijitaalka ah. Gaar ahaan marka lagu xoojiyey dollop fiican oo caqli-gal ah. Haddii telefoonadu bilaabaan inay bixiyaan zoom indhaha ka sarreeya 2.5x oo la mid ah xallinta dareenka ugu weyn, waxay noqon doontaa wakhti la fadhiisto oo la qaato ogeysiis. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakhtiga qorista, ma aha sifo saamaynaysa go'aanka iibsashadaada.

What Is Optical vs Digital Zoom on a Smartphone?

If someone from the early days of cellphones were tо jump to the present day, they might be confused that one of the features we care moѕt about оn our phones are camеras. 

Early phone cameras were absolutely awful, but the ability to have a camera with you wherever you go, quickly made them extremely popular. Manufacturers have thus been pouring an absolute fortune into camera development and now we have phones with cameras that can give professional cameras a run for their money. At least under the right conditions. 

One thing that relatively few smartphone cameras currently have however, is optical zoom. However, you’ll however start to see it in more new phones as time goes by. Which makes it the right time to discuss the issue of optical vs digital zoom.

What Is “Zoom”?

You probably already know what camera zoom is. At least, you know what it does. “Zooming” is a function that makes a subject in your photo who is far away appear close by. The effect on the photo is to essentially reframe it by making the object or person fill more of the space.

There are different ways of achieving this effect, but most smartphone cameras use a method called digital zoom. To understand how optical zoom is different from the digital zoom method we currently use, we’ll first have to explain digital zoom as it’s currently used in the vast majority of phones.

Everyone’s Doing It: Digital Zoom

Digital zoom is pretty much the same thing as cropping and resizing a photo in an application like PhotoShop. The main difference is that you’re doing it live, while taking a photo or making a video. So what’s the big deal? It all comes down to pixels. Which is where the “digital” in digital zoom comes from.

When you enlarge a digital image, it becomes more “pixelated”. That’s because you have a fixed supply of pixels. The only way to zoom is to make the pixels larger. The image becomes grainier, chunker and ends up with a low-fidelity image.

That sounds like a bit of a disaster then for smartphones, but various tricks have been developed by smartphone manufacturers over the years to make the effects of pixelation on digitally-zoomed images less of a problem. Since the cameras on modern phones have sensors capable of capturing many more pixels than most people typically need. So, you can crop to a section of the full sensor resolution without losing any quality. 

That’s perfectly fine if you want to capture a snapshot suitable for social media, but if you want to take a photo at the full resolution of your camera, you can’t zoom into any part of it without losing detail. 

Most people probably don’t care to have massive, full-resolution images that can’t be uploaded to FaceBook or InstaGram at their true quality anyway. However, more and more people are taking smartphone photography very seriously. Which means there’s a market for more premium solutions. Which is where optical zoom comes into the picture. 

Pun totally intended.

Bending Light: Optical Zoom

Optical zoom is simply a method of zoom that uses light to enlarge an image. It works the same as a magnifying glass, bending light through the optical medium (the lens) to create a larger image.

In a dedicated camera, such as a DSLR (digital single-lens reflex camera), you have large lens assemblies that can zoom by physically moving the lens back and forth. This changes the focal length between the lens and the camera sensor. Projecting an enlarged image into the entire sensor.

As you can probably tell from the way it works, this means that the enlarged image projected through the lens covers the entire, full-resolution sensor in light. That means the zoomed-in image has exactly as much detail as the full image on a camera with only digital zoom. It’s truly lossless image magnification.

Optical Zoom Is Hard in a Smartphone

Achieving optical zoom in a smartphone is not a trivial matter. You can’t really have a huge motorized lens assembly on the back of the phone. Although, this has actually been attempted. For example, the Samsung Galaxy S4 Zoom was essentially a smartphone with a compact digital camera glued onto the back. Have a look at this:

Clearly that’s not something you can just slip into your pocket, which is why this approach never really caught on. Instead, modern smartphones simply stick a bunch of cameras onto the back of our phones. Each camera has a different focal length range, so when you add all the cameras together, you get an optical zoom range.

This is not the same as having, for example, a big telephoto lens on a DSLR. That’s because you can move the focal length of the telephoto lens to focus the image at different zoom levels onto the same sensor. The problem is that most multi-camera smartphone setups have different sensors for each lens. The main camera usually has the largest sensor with the highest pixel count. With the wide-angle and telephoto cameras sporting smaller, cheaper sensors.

Doesn’t this negate the entire point? Well in some sense it does, but a multi-camera setup still offers the best high-quality zoom range on a phone. Engineers have come up with ways of combining these different approaches to zoom into something that’s greater than the sum of its parts.

Best Of Both Worlds: Hybrid Zoom

So-called “hybrid” zoom systems use the optical abilities of onboard cameras along with digital zoom and something known as “computational photography”.

Computational photography refers to a set of software techniques that use artificial intelligence and other fancy mathematical methods to change and enhance the images that the camera can capture. For example, artificial intelligence can increase the resolution of an image by “imagining” what it would look like at a higher resolution. 

It might sound like magic, but it actually works pretty well in most cases. Software techniques like these can also help combine the different images from the cameras onboard to enhance the details of the photo at the higher end of the optical zoom range. Even when digital zoom comes into play, all these sources of image data and smart software algorithms can create some pretty stunning images.

Should You Care About Optical Zoom In A Smartphone?

High-end smartphones like the iPhone 12 have a good optical zoom range. It’s not really “telephoto” by any stretch of the imagination, but you can generally expect 2x to 2.5x image size increase with no pixelation. This is perfect for typical use cases such as taking a photo of something reasonably close, which you can’t get physically closer to.

It’s certainly a nice feature to have, but the vast majority of users are going to be perfectly happy with digital zoom. Especially when enhanced with a nice dollop of artificial intelligence. If phones start to offer optical zoom ranges above 2.5x at the same resolution as the main sensor, it would be time to sit up and take notice. However, at the time of writing, it’s not a feature that should affect your purchasing decision.

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