PCI Express waa tignoolajiyada caanka ah maalmahan, dad badanina waxay is waydiinayaan waxa ay tahay, waxa ay qabato, iyo sababta ay u badan tahay buuqa ku saabsan kaararka garaafyada, darawalada adag ee gobolka, iyo Motherboard-yada taageera PCI Express 4.0 . Maqaalkan, waxaynu kaga jawaabi doonaa su'aalahan. Waxaan sidoo kale isku dayi doonaa inaan iftiimino waxa ay yihiin wadooyinka PCIe , noocyada boosaska PCIe ee jira, iyo waxa ku cusub PCI Express 4.0 . Haddii aad xiisaynayso inaad wax badan ka barato, sii akhri:

Waa maxay PCI Express , maxayse u taagan tahay?

PCI Express waxay u taagan tahay Qaybaha Dhexdhexaadka ah ee Interconnect Express^{(Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)} waxayna u taagan tahay isku xidhka caadiga ah ee ku xidhidhiyaha agabka durugsan Motherboard-ka kumbuyuutarka. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, PCI Express , ama PCIe oo la soo gaabiyo, waa interface isku xira kaararka ballaarinta gudaha^{(is an interface that connects internal expansion cards)} sida kaararka garaafyada, kaararka codka, Ethernet iyo Wi-Fi adapters^{(graphics cards, sound cards, Ethernet and Wi-Fi adapters)} ee Motherboard-ka. Intaa waxaa dheer^{(Furthermore)} , PCI Express waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu xiro qaar ka mid ah noocyada darawallada adag ee gobolka^{(solid-state drives)} kuwaas oo inta badan aad u dheereeya.

Waa maxay noocyada boosaska PCI Express iyo cabbirrada jira, iyo waxa loo jeediyo waddooyinka PCIe ?

Si isku xidhka kaararka balaadhinta Motherboard-ka, PCI Express waxay isticmaashaa boosaska jirka. Goobaha PCI Express ee caadiga ah ee aan ku aragno Motherboard-yada waa PCIe x1 , PCIe x4 , PCIe x8 , iyo PCIe x16 . Lambarka ka dambeeya xarafka "x" wuxuu noo sheegaa cabbirrada jireed ee booska PCI Express , kaas oo, markeeda, lagu go'aamiyo tirada biinanka ku yaal. Marka uu nambarku sarreeyo, waa sii dheeraanayaa booska PCIe iyo biinanka badan ee isku xira kaadhka ballaarinta booska.

Intaa waxaa dheer, lambarka "x" wuxuu kaloo kuu sheegayaa inta haad ee laga heli karo booska ballaarinta. Waa kan sida boosaska PCIe ee inta badan la is barbar dhigo:^(PCIe)

• PCIe x1: wuxuu leeyahay 1 haad^{(1 lane)} , 18 biin, iyo 25 mm oo dherer ah
• PCIe x4: waxa uu leeyahay 4 haad^{(4 lanes)} , 32 biin, iyo 39 mm oo dherer ah
• PCIe x8: wuxuu leeyahay 8 haad^{(8 lanes)} , 49 biin, iyo 56 mm oo dherer ah
• PCIe x16: wuxuu leeyahay 16 haad^{(16 lanes)} , 82 biin, iyo 89 mm oo dherer ah

Laamiyada PCI Express^{(PCI Express)} waa waddooyin u dhexeeya chipset-ka Motherboard-ka iyo boosaska PCIe ama aaladaha kale ee qeybta ka ah Motherboard-ka, sida Socket-ka processor-ka, boosaska M.2 SSD , adabtarada shabakadda, kontaroolayaasha SATA , ama kantaroolayaasha USB .

PCI Express^{(PCI Express)} , haad kastaa waa shaqsi, taasoo la macno ah inaan la wadaagin karin aaladaha kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, haddii kaadhka garaafyada uu ku xidhan yahay booska PCIe x16 , waxay la macno tahay inay leedahay 16 haad oo madax banaan oo loo qoondeeyay. Ma jiro qayb kale oo isticmaali karta jidadkaas marka laga reebo kaadhka garaafyada.

Halkan waxaa ah fikrad kuu sahli karta inaad fahanto waxa ay yihiin wadooyinka PCI Express : kaliya qiyaas in PCI Express ay tahay wado wayn oo baabuurta ku dhex socotaa ay yihiin xogta la wareejinayo. Inta badan ee aad haysatid waddo-weyn, waxa badanaya baabuurta ku kaxaysan karta; Inta badan ee wadooyinka PCIe ee aad haysato, xogta badan ee la wareejin karo.

Kaarka PCI Express wuxuu ku haboonaan karaa oo ku shaqayn karaa boos kasta oo PCIe ah ee laga heli karo Motherboard-ka, waase haddii booskaasi aanu ka yarayn kaadhka ballaadhinta. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad ku dhejin kartaa kaarka PCIe x1 gudaha PCIe x16 booska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma samayn kartid lidkeeda. Waxaad ku dhejin kartaa, tusaale ahaan, kaadhka codka PCIe x1 ee booska ^{(PCIe x1)}PCIe x16 , laakiin kuma dhejin kartid kaarka sawirada PCIe x16 booska ^{(PCIe x16)}PCIe x1 .

Waa maxay noocyada PCI Express ee jira, iyo waa maxay xawaaraha wareejinta xogta (bandwidth) ay taageeraan?

Waxaa jira afar nooc oo PCI Express ah oo maanta la isticmaalo: PCI Express 1.0 , PCI Express 2.0 , PCI Express 3.0 , iyo PCI Express 4.0 . Nooc kasta oo PCIe ah wuxuu taageeraa qiyaas ahaan labanlaab xajmiga xawaaraha PCIe hore^{(Each PCIe version supports roughly double the bandwidth of the previous PCIe)} . Waa kuwan waxa mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ahi bixiyo:

• PCI Express 1.0: waxa uu leeyahay xawaaladaha 250 MB/s per lane
• PCI Express 2.0: waxa uu leeyahay xawaaladaha 500 MB/s per lane
• PCI Express 3.0: waxa uu leeyahay 984.6 MB/s per lane
• PCI Express 4.0: waxa uu leeyahay xawligeed 1969 MB/s per lane

Xusuusnow^(Remember) in boosaska PCIe aysan bixin karin hal kaliya, laakiin wadooyin badan? Qiimaha bandwidth ee aan wadaagnay waxaa lagu dhuftey tirada dariiqyada laga heli karo booska PCIe . Haddii aad rabto in aad xisaabiso inta bandwidth uu heli karo kaarka ballaarinta gaar ah, waa in aad ku dhufato xajmigeeda PCIe halkii haad oo leh tirada haadka u diyaarsan.

Tusaale ahaan, kaadhka sawir-gacmeedka ee taageera PCI Express 4.0 oo ku xidhan booska PCIe x16 wuxuu heli karaa xajmigeedu dhan yahay 31.51 GB/s . Taasi waa natiijada ku dhufashada 1969 MB/s 16 ( PCIe bandwidth halkii haad * 16 haad). La yaab leh, sax?

Waa kuwan sida noocyada PCI Express u cabbiraan marka aad xisaabta ku dareyso waddooyinka PCI Express :

Mustaqbalka, waxaa soo socda noocyo cusub oo PCI Express ah, sida PCI Express 5.0 iyo PCI Express 6.0 . Faahfaahinta PCIe 5.0 ayaa la soo gabagabeeyey xagaaga 2019, iyadoo bixisa xawaaladaha ilaa 3938 MB/s haad kasta iyo ilaa 63 GB/s qaabeynta x16 . Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u badan tahay inaynaan dhawaan ku arki doonin qalabka kumbuyuutarka ee heerka macaamiisha.

PCI Express 4.0 -kii ugu dambeeyay ma si ballaaran baa loo heli karaa?

Hadda, PCI Express 4.0 waa qeexitaanka ugu dhaqsaha badan ee loo heli karo kombayutarada guriga. Si kastaba ha noqotee, PCI Express 4.0 waxaa kaliya oo ay taageertaa AMD Motherboard-yadii ugu dambeeyay ee ku saleysan X570 chipset oo ay la socdaan soo-saareyaasha AMD Ryzen ee jiilka saddexaad. ^{(PCI Express 4.0 is only supported by AMD on its latest motherboards that are based on the X570 chipset paired with AMD Ryzen processors from the third generation.)}Kuwaan mooyaane, ma jirto wax qiimo ah oo aad ku iibsanayso kaararka garaafyada ama darawalada adag ee gobolka ee taageera PCIe 4.0 .

Isagoo ka hadlaya, in kasta oo ay horeba u jireen SSD^(SSDs) -yo badan oo taageera PCIe 4.0 , kaararka garaafyada kaliya ee ka shaqeeya PCIe 4.0 waa AMD 's Radeon RX 5000s , sida Radeon RX 5700 XT iyo Radeon RX 5700 . Intel wali wax taageero ah uma fidin PCI Express 4.0^{(PCI Express 4.0)} mid ka mid ah qalabkiisa.

Sidee buu PCI Express 4.0 u saameeyaa xawaaraha kaadhka garaafyada?

Dadka qaarkiis waxay waydiinayaan su'aal xiiso leh: Xawaaraha dheereeya iyo kan cusub ee PCI Express 4.0 si togan u saameeya xawaaraha kaadhka garaafyada? Jawaabta degdega ah waa maya^(no) , maya , mana aad helaysid fareemo ka badan ilbiriqsigii! Waa tan sababta:

Markaad ciyaar ciyaareyso, kaadhka garaafyada wuxuu isticmaalaa RAM -kiisa u go'an ( GDDR ) si uu u hayo textures loo isticmaalo samaynta fareemada shaashadda. Marka laga soo tago saacadaha GPU -da , xusuusta garaafyada ayaa ah waxa ugu muhiimsan inta fiim ee aad hesho ilbiriqsi kasta.

Kaarka garaafyada kaliya waa inuu isticmaalo interface PCI Express ee ku xidha Motherboard-ka marka uu u baahan yahay inuu la xidhiidho processor-ka ama uu ka soo raro textures ee nidaamka xusuusta ( RAM -ka kumbuyuutarka ). Taasi maaha inay dhacdo marar badan, maadaama kaararka garaafyada casriga ahi ay leeyihiin RAM badan oo iyaga u gaar ah. Iyo, xitaa haddii / marka ay dhacdo, mar textures lagu wareejiyay dhex PCI Express interface ka ^{(PCI Express)}RAM nidaamka oo lagu shubay xusuusta kaararka garaafyada, halkaas joogay. Sababta taasi waa in xusuusta garaafyada ay aad uga dhaqso badan tahay nidaamka RAM -ka .

Midkoodna kaadhadhka garaafyada ee maanta jira uma baahna baaxad ballaadhan oo ay bixiso boosaska PCI Express 4.0 ^{(PCI Express 4.0)} x16 . Macluumaad dheeraad ah, akhri falanqayntayada ku saabsan saamaynta PCI Express 4.0 ay ku leedahay PCI Express 3.0 ee kumbiyuutarrada maanta: PCI Express 4 vs PCIe 3: Ma jirtaa horumar waxqabad?^{(PCI Express 4 vs PCIe 3: Is there a performance improvement?)}

Maxaa ku saabsan waafaqid noocyada PCI Express ?

Dhammaan noocyada PCI Express way ku habboon yihiin midba midka kale. Tusaale ahaan, kaarka sawirada PCI Express 4.0 wuu shaqeeyaa xitaa haddii aad ku xidho Motherboard-ka oo kaliya taageera PCI Express 3.0 ama xitaa 2.0. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bandwidth ee interface PCI Express waxaa xaddiday qodobka ugu yar. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ku xidho PCI Express 4.0 SSD Motherboard-ka taageera PCI Express 3.0 , SSD -gu waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa PCIe 3.0 . Halkii laga heli lahaa xawaaraha xawaaraha 7.88 GB/s , waxay isticmaali kartaa oo keliya 3.94 GB/s , sidaa darteed xawaarihiisa ugu sarreeya waa kala badh.

Ma qabtaa su'aalo kale oo ku saabsan PCI Express ?

Hadda waa inaad fikrad fiican ka haysataa waxa PCI Express yahay, oo aad wax badan ka fahanto noocyada kala duwan ee boosaska PCIe , jidadka, iyo noocyada. Ma haysaa su'aalo kale oo aan ka jawaabi karno? Haddii aad sameyso, ama haddii aad hayso wax aad ku darto maqaalkan, ha ka waaban inaad faallo ku dhaafto hoos.

What is PCI Express? Do PCIe lanes, slots, and versions matter?

PCI Expreѕs is a popular technology these dаys, and many are asking what it is, what it does, and why there's so much fuss about graphics cards, solid-state drives, and motherboards that support PCI Express 4.0. In this articlе, we're goіng to answer thеse questionѕ. We are also going to try to ѕhed some light on what PCIe lanes are, what tyрes of PCIe ѕlots are there, and what's new in PCI Express 4.0. If you're curious to learn more, read on:

What is PCI Express, and what does it stand for?

PCI Express stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect Express and represents a standard interface for connecting peripheral hardware to the motherboard on a computer. In other words, PCI Express, or PCIe abbreviated, is an interface that connects internal expansion cards such as graphics cards, sound cards, Ethernet and Wi-Fi adapters to the motherboard. Furthermore, PCI Express is also used to connect some types of solid-state drives that are usually very fast.

What types of PCI Express slots and sizes are there, and what to PCIe lanes mean?

To interconnect the expansion cards to the motherboard, PCI Express uses physical slots. The common PCI Express slots we see on motherboards are PCIe x1, PCIe x4, PCIe x8, and PCIe x16. The number that comes after the "x" letter tell us the physical dimensions of the PCI Express slot, which, in its turn, is determined by the number of pins on it. The higher the number, the longer the PCIe slot and the more pins that interconnect the expansion card to the slot.

Furthermore, the "x" number also tells you how many lanes are available in that expansion slot. Here's how the commonly used PCIe slots compare:

• PCIe x1: has 1 lane, 18 pins, and 25 mm in length
• PCIe x4: has 4 lanes, 32 pins, and 39 mm in length
• PCIe x8: has 8 lanes, 49 pins, and 56 mm in length
• PCIe x16: has 16 lanes, 82 pins, and 89 mm in length

PCI Express lanes are paths between the motherboard chipset and PCIe slots or other devices that are part of the motherboard, such as the processor socket, M.2 SSD slots, network adapters, SATA controllers, or USB controllers.

In PCI Express, each lane is individual, meaning that it cannot be shared between different devices. For example, if your graphics card is connected to a PCIe x16 slot, it means that it has 16 independent lanes dedicated just to it. No other component can use those lanes except the graphics card.

Here's an idea that might make it easier for you to grasp what PCI Express lanes are: just imagine that PCI Express is a highway and the cars that drive on it are the data that's being transferred. The more lanes you have available on a highway, the more cars that can drive on it; the more PCIe lanes you have, the more data that can be transferred.

A PCI Express card can fit and work on any PCIe slot available on the motherboard, as long as that slot is not smaller than the expansion card. For example, you can fit a PCIe x1 card in a PCIe x16 slot. However, you can't do the opposite. You can mount, for instance, a PCIe x1 sound card in a PCIe x16 slot, but you cannot mount a PCIe x16 graphics card in a PCIe x1 slot.

What PCI Express versions are there, and what data transfer speeds (bandwidth) do they support?

There are four versions of PCI Express in use today: PCI Express 1.0, PCI Express 2.0, PCI Express 3.0, and PCI Express 4.0. Each PCIe version supports roughly double the bandwidth of the previous PCIe. Here's what each of them offers:

• PCI Express 1.0: has a bandwidth of 250 MB/s per lane
• PCI Express 2.0: has a bandwidth of 500 MB/s per lane
• PCI Express 3.0: has a bandwidth of 984.6 MB/s per lane
• PCI Express 4.0: has a bandwidth of 1969 MB/s per lane

Remember that PCIe slots can offer not just one, but more lanes? The bandwidth values we shared are multiplied by the number of lanes available on a PCIe slot. If you want to calculate how much bandwidth is available for a certain expansion card, you have to multiply its PCIe bandwidth per lane with the number of lanes that are available for it.

For example, a graphics card that supports PCI Express 4.0 and is connected to a PCIe x16 slot has access to a total bandwidth of about 31.51 GB/s. That's the result of multiplying 1969 MB/s by 16 (PCIe bandwidth per lane * 16 lanes). Impressive, right?

Here's how PCI Express versions scale when you take PCI Express lanes into account:

In the future, there are new PCI Express versions coming, such as PCI Express 5.0 and PCI Express 6.0. The PCIe 5.0 specification has been finalized in the summer of 2019, offering a bandwidth of up to 3938 MB/s per lane and up to 63 GB/s in x16 configuration. However, we're likely not going to see it soon on consumer-grade computer hardware.

Is the latest PCI Express 4.0 widely available?

For now, PCI Express 4.0 is the fastest specification available for home computers. However, PCI Express 4.0 is only supported by AMD on its latest motherboards that are based on the X570 chipset paired with AMD Ryzen processors from the third generation. Unless you have these, there's no point in buying graphics cards or solid-state drives that support PCIe 4.0.

Speaking of which, although there are already many SSDs that support PCIe 4.0, the only graphics cards that do work on PCIe 4.0 are AMD's Radeon RX 5000s, such as Radeon RX 5700 XT and Radeon RX 5700. Intel has yet to offer support for PCI Express 4.0 on any of its hardware.

How does PCI Express 4.0 affect the speed of your graphics card?

Some people are asking an interesting question: Does the faster and newer PCI Express 4.0 specification positively affect the speed of the graphics card? The quick answer is no, it doesn't, and you do not get more frames per second! Here's why:

When you are playing a game, the graphics card uses its dedicated RAM (GDDR) to hold the textures used for rendering the frames on the screen. Besides the GPU clocks, that graphics memory is the most important thing for how many frames you get each second.

The graphics card only has to use the PCI Express interface that connects it to the motherboard when it needs to communicate with the processor or load textures from the system memory (the computer's RAM). That's not supposed to happen often, as modern graphics cards have a lot of dedicated RAM of their own. And, even if/when it happens, once the textures have been transferred via the PCI Express interface from the system RAM and have been loaded into the graphics card's memory, they stay there. The reason for that is that the graphics memory is many times faster than the system's RAM.

None of the graphics cards available today need the full bandwidth offered by the PCI Express 4.0 x16 slots. For further information, read our analysis about the impact PCI Express 4.0 has versus PCI Express 3.0 in today's desktop computers: PCI Express 4 vs PCIe 3: Is there a performance improvement?

What about PCI Express versions compatibility?

All PCI Express versions are compatible with one another. For example, a PCI Express 4.0 graphics card works even if you connect it to a motherboard that only supports PCI Express 3.0 or even 2.0. However, the bandwidth of the PCI Express interface is limited by the smallest factor. For example, if you connect a PCI Express 4.0 SSD to a motherboard that only supports PCI Express 3.0, that SSD works on PCIe 3.0. Instead of having access to a bandwidth of 7.88 GB/s, it can only use 3.94 GB/s, so its maximum theoretical speed is halved.

Do you have any other questions regarding PCI Express?

Now you should have a better idea of what PCI Express is, and understand more about the different types of PCIe slots, lanes, and versions. Do you have any other questions that we might answer? If you do, or if you have something to add to this article, do not hesitate to leave a comment below.

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