Qof kastaa wuu ka xumaadaa marka qalinkooda ugu dambeeya uu muujiyo kaydin aad uga yar intii la rabay. Dembiilaha badanaa waa qaabka faylka.

Waxay u badan tahay inaad la kulantay doorashooyin sida NTFS , FAT32 , iyo exFAT markaad qaabaynayso darawalka. Waa maxay macnaha dhammaan qaababkaan faylka? Sidee ayay ku kala duwan yihiin? Iyo tan ugu muhiimsan, waa kee qaabka faylka ugu fiican ee darawalka USB ?

Hordhac Qaababka Faylka

Kahor intaanan ka hadlin qaabka faylka u fiican darawalada USB^(USB) , waxaan u baahanahay inaan fahanno qaabka faylka uu qabanayo. Sidee u kala duwan yihiin hababka faylalka? Maxaa ka dhigaya halbeeg gaar ah oo ka wanaagsan aaladaha kaydinta la qaadi karo marka loo eego kuwa kale?

Shaxda Qoondaynta Faylka^{(The File Allocation Table)}

Sida ugu fudud, qaabka faylku waa miis la raadiyo. Waxay haysaa goobta fayl kasta oo ku yaal darawalka, taas oo u oggolaanaysa nidaamka hawlgalka inuu si dhakhso ah u helo fayl kasta iyada oo aan loo baahnayn in la dhex maro kaydinta oo dhan si isdaba joog ah.

Tani waa sababta qaabkii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan ' File Allocation Table ' , ama FAT sida aad u maqashay. Mabda'a aasaasiga ah ayaa isku mid ahaa sanado badan, kaliya ku daray kaydin badan oo leh qaababka FAT12 , FAT16 , iyo FAT32 . 

Waqti ka dib, si kastaba ha ahaatee, heerka baruurta^(FAT) ayaa bilaabay muujinta da'diisa. Qaabku wuxuu ahaa mid aad ugu nugul kood xaasidnimo ah wax yarna kama qabanin hirgelinta dib-u-celinta ka dhanka ah musuqmaasuqa xogta. Kuwani waxay ahaayeen arrimo muhiim u ah darawalka adag ee loogu talagalay in lagu hayo faylasha nidaamka nidaamka hawlgalka.

Jiilka Cusub ee Qaababka Faylka^{(A New Generation of File Formats)}

Nidaamyada faylalka sida NTFS (Nidaamka Faylka Tiknoolajiyada Cusub)^{(NTFS (New Technology File System))} iyo HFS+ (Hierarchical File System) , oo ay soo saareen Microsoft iyo Apple siday u kala horreeyaan nidaamyada hawlgalka iyaga u gaar ah, ayaa ah kuwo ku takhasusay hubinta amniga iyo isku halaynta xogta lagu kaydiyo darawalka adag. Iyadoo tani ay si dabiici ah uga dhigayso inay ka sarreeyaan FAT32 , waxay sidoo kale ka dhigaysaa kuwo aan waxtar u lahayn qalabka kaydinta la qaadi karo.

Aaladaha sida kaadhadhka SD ama USB Drive- ka waxay u baahan yihiin nidaam faylal fudud oo wax lagu qoro mana laha sagxad weyn. Nasiib darro, qaababka faylka sida NTFS waxay xidhaan wax badan oo ka mid ah agabkooda xaddidan iyagoon bixin faa'iidooyin waxqabad.

Tani waa halka ay ka soo gasho dufanka ^(FAT)hore ^(FAT)Sida aan arki doonno, ex FAT ayaa ugu fiican qaabaynta aaladaha kaydinta yar sida USB-ga^(USB) .

Doorashooyinka xaddidan: NTFS iyo HFS+

Haddii aad ku jirto Windows , Hard Disk-gaaga waxa laga yaabaa in loo qaabeeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka faylka NTFS^{(formatted using the NTFS file system)} . Tani waa wax weyn, maadaama NTFS ay tahay qaabka faylka ugu casrisan ee halkaas ka jira, oo bixiya amniga iyo isku halaynta oo la hagaajiyay.

Dhibaatada kaliya ee haysata NTFS waa "korka sare" ee muhiimka ah. Si fudud^{(” Simply)} loo dhigo, miiska faylka ee xudunta u ah NTFS waxa uu haystaa meel aad u badan. Nidaamka faylka waxaa loogu talagalay iyadoo maskaxda lagu hayo Windows , laakiin qalabka kaydinta yar ee aan loogu talagelin in lagu dhejiyo nidaamka hawlgalka, waxaa laga yaabaa inaanay noqon doorashada ugu fiican.

HFS+ waxay la ildaran tahay arrimo la mid ah. Waa nidaamka faylalka gaarka ah ee PC-yada Mac^{(Mac PCs)} , sidaas oo kale waxaa lagu qori karaa oo keliya kombuyuutar Apple ah . Tani waxay dhaawacaysaa qaadida, maadaama nidaamyada badankoodu aanay akhrin karin xogta usha USB-ga . ^(USB)Sidoo kale, sida NTFS , ma aha kaydinta ugu waxtarka badan ee qaababka faylka.

Xulashada Dhaxalka: FAT32

Shaxda Qoondaynta Faylka^{(File Allocation Table)} ama FAT waa nidaamka faylka ugu da'da weyn waana kan ugu fudud. Nooca la wanaajiyay, FAT32 , wuxuu ahaa qaabka faylka caadiga ah ee kombiyuutarada iyo aaladaha kaydinta intooda badan ilaa dhowaan.

Sababta ay uga dhacday eexdu waa mid fudud; ma taageeri karo qalabka leh in ka badan 4 GB ee kaydinta. Iyada oo darawallada USB-ga^(USB) ay bixinayaan daraasiin gigabytes ah oo xusuusta ah, FAT32 hadda ma ahan doorasho macquul ah.

Laakiin haddii aad raadinayso inaad qaabayso dariiq qalin duug ah^{(format an old pen drive)} oo aan ka gudbin calaamadaas, FAT32 waxay noqon kartaa doorasho wanaagsan. Way fududahay in la akhriyo oo lagu qoro dhammaan aaladaha, oo ay ku jiraan Windows , Macintosh , iyo xitaa Linux . Waxaa laga yaabaa inaysan u ammaan ahayn sida NTFS , laakiin waxay ku fiican tahay qalabka kaydinta la qaadi karo.

Qaabka ugu fiican: exFAT

Qof kastaa ma jeclayn markii Microsoft ay soo saartay qaabka faylka NTFS beddelka ^(NTFS)FAT32 . Aaladaha kaydinta yaryar , sida darawallada ^(Small)USB-ga^(USB) ama kaararka SD, ayaa la soo deristay xogta weyn ee NTFS oo waxay rabeen wax khafiif ah. Wax ka badan sida FAT32 , laakiin leh cabbirka kaydinta ugu badan.

Microsoftna^(Microsoft) way dhegaysatay. Habka faylka exFAT waxaa loo sii daayay sidii nidaamka faylka ee xulashada nidaamyada ku-xidhan. Waa nooca la fidiyay ee qaabka FAT32 , oo taageeraya kaydinta ilaa 128 PB (aanay u badnayn in uu jabiyo qalab kasta oo kaydin ah dhawaan).

Si la mid ah FAT32 , exFAT waa qaab fayl aad u hufan oo meel bannaan ah, oo u baahan ilaha nidaamka ugu yar si ay u shaqeeyaan. Tani waxay u fiican tahay aaladaha kaydinta la qaadi karo, maadaama ay u oggolaanayso inay tuujiyaan ounce kasta oo kaydinta si loogu isticmaalo dhabta ah halkii ay ku xidhi lahaayeen qaybaha nidaamka.

Faa'iido kale ayaa ah in ay taageerto Macintosh sidoo kale. PC-yada Mac^(Mac) -ku labaduba way akhriyi karaan oo u qori karaan darawallada USB-ga^(USB) ee exFAT , taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay u dhexgalaan isaga iyo Windows . Nidaamyada Linux , waxaa laga yaabaa inaad u baahato inaad ka boodo dhowr hoops oo kale, laakiin wali waa la samayn karaa.

Qaabkee Faylka^{(Which File Format Should)} ah ee ay tahay inaad u isticmaasho USB Drive-yada^{(USB Drives)} ?

Qaabka exFAT waa qaabka faylka ugu fiican ee darawalada USB^(USB) . Way dhakhso badan tahay, wax ku ool u tahay, oo waxay leedahay korka sare oo aad uga yar NTFS . Si ka duwan FAT32^{(Unlike FAT32)} , kuma koobna 4 GB ee kaydinta, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon qalabyada qalinka ee awoodda sare leh.

Wadayaasha USB-ga^(USB) ee da'da weyn , FAT32 sidoo kale waa doorasho wanaagsan. Ilaa inta awoodda kaydintu aanay ka badnayn 4 GB, waxaad si badbaado leh u isticmaali kartaa FAT32 si aad u habayn karto wadaha. Tani waxay ku siin doontaa wax ku oolnimada exFAT oo leh baaxad ballaaran oo qaadis ah.

Qaababka^(FIle) faylalka sida NTFS ama HFS+ kuma habboona qalabka kaydinta yar yar. Taa bedelkeeda, waa inaad u isticmaashaa darawallada adag ee gudaha ama dibadda ee aad u isticmaashid si aad u furto nidaamka hawlgalka oo aad u socodsiiso kombiyuutarka.

What Is the Best File Format for USB Drives?

Everyone gеts bummed when their latest pen drive dіsplayѕ much less storage than it should hаve. Τhe culprit is usually the file format.

You have probably encountered options like NTFS, FAT32, and exFAT while formatting a drive. What do all these file formats mean? How do they differ? And most importantly, which is the best file format for a USB drive?

An Introduction to File Formats

Before discussing which file format is better for USB drives, we need to understand what the file format does. How do different file systems differ? What makes a specific standard better for portable storage devices than others?

The File Allocation Table

At its simplest, a file format is a lookup table. It holds the location of every file on the drive, allowing the operating system to quickly locate any file without having to scour through the whole storage repeatedly.

This is why the first file format was just called the File Allocation Table, or FAT as you may have heard of it. The basic principle remained the same for many years, merely adding more storage with the FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 formats. 

With time, however, the FAT standard started showing its age. The format was too vulnerable to malicious code and did little to implement redundancies against data corruption. These were critical issues for a hard drive meant to hold system files for an operating system.

A New Generation of File Formats

File systems like the NTFS (New Technology File System) and HFS+ (Hierarchical File System), developed by Microsoft and Apple respectively for their own operating systems, are specialized to ensure the security and reliability of the data stored in the hard drive. While this naturally makes them superior to FAT32, it also makes them too inefficient for portable storage devices.

Devices like SD cards or USB drives need a simple file system to write to and do not have a large overhead. Unfortunately, file formats like NTFS tie up too much of their limited resources without offering performance advantages.

This is where exFAT comes in. It combines the efficient, no-nonsense structure of FAT with modern drive capacities, allowing all manner of portable devices to manage their data with minimal overheads. As we will see, exFAT is the best for formatting a small storage device like a USB drive.

The Contrstrained Choices: NTFS and HFS+

If you’re on Windows, your hard disk drive is probably formatted using the NTFS file system. This is great, as NTFS is the most modern file format out there, offering improved security and reliability.

The only problem with NTFS is the rather significant “overhead.” Simply put, the file table at the core of NTFS occupies too much space. The file system is designed with Windows in mind, but for a small storage device not meant to boot an operating system, it might not be the best choice.

HFS+ suffers from similar issues. It is the proprietary file system for Mac PCs, and as such can only be written and accessed by an Apple computer. This hurts portability, as most systems cannot read the USB stick’s data. Also, like NTFS, it is not the most storage efficient of file formats.

The Legacy Option: FAT32

The File Allocation Table or FAT is the oldest file system and the simplest one. Its improved version, FAT32, was the default file format for most computers and storage devices until recently.

The reason it fell out of favor is simple; it cannot support devices with more than 4 GB of storage. With USB drives offering dozens of gigabytes in memory, FAT32 is no longer a viable choice.

But if you are looking to format an old pen drive that does not cross that mark, FAT32 can be a good choice. It is easy to read and write on all platforms, including Windows, Macintosh, and even Linux. It might not be as secure as NTFS, but it does just fine for a portable storage device.

The Best Format: exFAT

Not everyone was enthused when Microsoft rolled out the NTFS file format as a replacement for FAT32. Small storage devices, like USB drives or SD cards, suffered due to the large data overhead of NTFS and wanted something slimmer. Something more like FAT32, but with a larger maximum storage size.

And Microsoft listened. The exFAT file format was released as the file system of choice for embedded systems. It is an extended version of the FAT32 format, supporting storage up to 128 PB (unlikely to be breached by any storage device soon).

Just as FAT32, exFAT is a very space-efficient file format, requiring minimal system resources to function. This is great for portable storage devices, as it allows them to squeeze out every ounce of storage for actual use rather than getting it tied up in system partitions.

Another advantage is that it is supported by Macintosh as well. Mac PCs can both read and write to exFAT USB drives, allowing portability between it and Windows. For Linux systems, you might need to jump through a few more hoops, but it is still doable.

Which File Format Should You Use for USB Drives?

The exFAT format is the best file format for USB drives. It is fast, efficient, and has a much smaller overhead than NTFS. Unlike FAT32, it is not limited to 4 GB of storage, making it suitable for high-capacity pen drives.

For older USB drives, FAT32 is also a decent choice. As long as the storage capacity does not exceed 4 GB, you can safely use FAT32 to format the drive. This will give you the efficiency of exFAT with a much wider range of portability.

FIle formats like NTFS or HFS+ aren’t ideal for small storage devices. Instead, you should use them for internal or external hard drives you use to boot an operating system and run the computer.

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