Hard Drive- yada dibadda^(External) , flash-yada iyo noocyada kale ee la midka ah ee kaydinta la saari karo ayaa nolosha ka dhigay mid aad u fudud marka ay timaado dhaqdhaqaaqa xogta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaynu ku nool nahay adduun ay u badan tahay in qof kastaa leeyahay qalabyo badan oo kaydinta dibadda (aragti ahaan) lagu xidhi karo. 

Waxa kale oo jira kiisas kala duwan oo loo isticmaalo kaydinta dibadda iyo, muhiimad, qaabab badan oo laga dooran karo. Markaa marka ay tahay inaad u soo qaadato qaab qalabkaaga kaydinta dibadda ee cusub ee dhalaalaysa, waa maxay qaabka ugu fiican ee darawallada adag ee dibadda?

Waa maxay "Format" Disk-gu?^{(Just What Is a Disk “Format”?)}

Maxay ka dhigan tahay "qaabaynta" saxanka? Waa maxay qaabka diskooga si kastaba? Runtii way fududahay in la fahmo. SSD - gaaga , Hard Disk-gaaga, Flash Drive-kaaga, Kaarka SD ama meelkasta oo kaydinta ah oo aad ku shaqaynayso waxa ay leedahay xaddi go'an oo meel jidheed oo cayriin ah. 

Tusaale ahaan, SSD -gu waxa uu ka kooban yahay microchips oo ay ku jiraan unugyo xusuusta yar-yar. Unug kastaa wuxuu hayn karaa tiro gaar ah oo "bits". Taasi waa, kuwa iyo eberyada ka kooban koodka binary. Ka fakar sida qol aad u weyn oo ay ka buuxaan khaanadaha buugaagta oo madhan. 

Qaabku waa mabda'a abaabulka ee aan isticmaalno si aan booskaas uga buuxinno xog. Maktabadda dhexdeeda, wax la mid ah Dewey Decimal System ayaa loo isticmaalaa si loo go'aamiyo siday u kala horreeyaan buugaagta khaanadaha. Tani waxay aad u fududaynaysaa in la helo buug gaar ah. Sidaa si la mid ah, qaabka diskooga wuxuu u sheegaa kumbiyuutarka sida loo kaydiyo macluumaadka saxanka.

Qaar ka mid ah qaababka diskooga ayaa ka waxtar badan kuwa kale, halka qaababka qaarkood aysan si fudud ula socon nidaamyada hawlgalka gaarka ah. 

MacOS ma akhrin karaa qaababka Windows?^{(Can macOS Read Windows Formats?)}

Sanduuqa dhexdiisa, macOS wuxuu si sax ah u fahmi karaa laba qaab oo ka socda adduunka Microsoft Windows . Midka koowaad waa baruur^(FAT) , kan kalena waa baruurtii^(FAT) hore , oo aan ka hadli doono wax yar ka dib. 

Qaabka ugu weyn ee diskka Windows , NTFS , kuma jiro macOS. Ugu yaraan, maaha gebi ahaanba. Saxannada NTFS^(NTFS) waxaa akhriyi^{(read )} kara macOS, laakiin looma qorin. Taasi waa faa'iido haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad xoogaa xog ah ka hesho saxanka Windows^(Windows) saaxiibka , laakiin haddii aad isticmaasho Windows iyo macOS labadaba, waxaad u baahan doontaa ikhtiyaar kale. Doorashada ugu macquulsan waa exFAT, kaas oo aan si faahfaahsan hoos ugu faahfaahin doono. 

Waxaad sidoo kale haysataa ikhtiyaarka ah inaad isticmaasho codsiyada addon-ka saddexaad, laakiin dabcan tani maahan xalka ugu quruxda badan. Tani waa meel gaar ah oo muhiim ah haddii aad isticmaasho BootCamp ee Mac kaaga , maadaama aadan rabin inaad lumiso kaydinta dibadda sababtoo ah waxaad ku rakibtay nidaam kale oo qalliin.

Windows ma akhrin kartaa qaababka macOS?^{(Can Windows Read macOS Formats?)}

PC-yada Windows ma akhrin karaan qaababka macOS. Nidaamyada faylalka ee ay adeegsato macOS ma aha kuwa ay Windows iskeed u fahmi karto. Waxay u baahan tahay in yar oo caawimo ah qaabka codsiga dhinac saddexaad si loo akhriyo oo loo qoro saxanadan. 

Codsiga kaliya ee bilaashka ah ee kuu ogolaanaya inaad sameyso tan aan ka warqabno waa hfsexplorer , kaas oo adeegsada Java oo runtii ku habboon kaliya wareejinta faylka. 

FAT32 - Xulashada ugu Wanaagsan^{(FAT32 – The Most Compatible Option)}

Miiska qoondaynta dufanka ama Faylka^{(File Allocation Table )} ayaa ah suurtogalnimada qaabka ugu ballaaran ee loo taageero qaabka diskka ee jira maanta. Waa sii wadida tooska ah ee qaabka asalka ah ee DOS ee loo isticmaalo floppy diskettes iyo hard drives. FA T32 waxay u jirtaa inta badan si loo kordhiyo cabbirka faylka buuxa ee noocyadii hore ee baruurta ay xamili karaan. Cabbirka^{(T32 exists mainly to extend the absolute file size that older versions of FAT can handle. The )} hal fayl ee ugu weyn ee FAT32 ay xamili karto waa 4GB. 

Taasi waxay u badan tahay inay OK u tahay faylalka intooda badan, gaar ahaan haddii aad isticmaalayso suulka wadista halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd darawal adag oo dibadda ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa wax iska caadi ah maalmahan in la haysto faylal muuqaal ah ama hanti kale oo daacad ah oo ka weyn 4GB, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan ku habboonayn darawallada waaweyn ee ay u badan tahay inay martigeliyaan faylal waaweyn.

Haddii aad gabi ahaanba ogtahay inaadan haysan doonin wax faylal ah oo ka weyn 4GB oo aad rabto inaad ku isticmaasho wadista aaladaha ay ka midka yihiin TV-yadii hore ee aan taageerin exFAT, markaa FAT32 waa doorasho wanaagsan.

Using Apple and Windows? You Want exFAT!

exFAT waxay xallisaa xaddidaadda cabbirka faylka FAT32 waxayna maamushaa inay ahaato qaab degdeg ah oo fudud oo aan hoos u dhicin xitaa aaladaha aasaasiga ah ee taageerada kaydinta tirada badan ee  USB .

Iyadoo exFAT aan si weyn loo taageeray sida FAT32 , waxa ay weli la jaan qaada TV-yo^(TVs) badan , kamaradaha iyo qalab kale oo la mid ah. Tan ugu muhiimsan, exFAT waxay la shaqeysaa Windows iyo macOS labadaba.

Dhibaatada kaliya ee dhabta ah ee exFAT ee darawalada adag ee dibadda waa la'aanta kartida "warbaahinta". Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inaysan lahayn awood ay ku xafido diiwaanka isbeddelka faylka. Mid ka mid ah cawaaqibka tan ayaa ah in darawallada exFAT ay xoogaa aad ugu nugul yihiin musuqmaasuqa xogta ee khasaaraha korantada ee lama filaanka ah. 

U hubso inaad ka dhigto darawalkaaga mid badbaado leh si uu meesha uga saaro ama aad uga fogaato inaad furto inta uu akhrinayo ama wax ku qorayo saxanka.

NTFS - Loogu talagalay Isticmaalayaasha Windows Kaliya^{(NTFS – For Windows Users Only)}

NTFS ama Nidaamka Faylka Farsamada Cusub^{(New Technology File System )} waa Windows default hadda. Waa habka faylalka ugu amniga badan, ugu adag ee isticmaala Windows uu rabi karo. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay tahay qaabka doorashada nidaamka wadisyada kombiyuutarada Windows . 

NTFS waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan oo xoog leh, taas oo runtii ka dhigi karta doorasho qaab wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay darawallada adag ee dibadda qaarkood, iyadoo ku xiran duruufaha. 

• NTFS waxay ka hortagtaa musuqmaasuqa saxanka ee ay keento cilad koronto. 
• Waxay leedahay sifooyin ammaan oo ballaaran, sida oggolaanshaha fayl kasta. 
• Samaynta waa u fududahay isticmaaleyaal badan in ay wadaagaan hal drive iyaga oo aan helin xogta midba midka kale. 
• Waxa kale oo ay caan ku tahay sifada joornaalka, kaas oo xafida diiwaanka isbeddelka faylka. Tani waa qayb ka mid ah sababta ay u adkeysaneyso in la fayl gareeyo musuqmaasuqa.

Haddii aad rabto in aad ku isticmaasho darawalkaaga dibadda mishiinnada Windows kaliya, ^(Windows)NTFS waa doorasho fiican oo malaha doorashada ugu fiican guud ahaan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho wadista ka baxsan xuduudaha nidaamka deegaanka ee casriga ah ee Windows , waxaa fiican inaad raacdo exFAT beddelkeeda. 

Hadii aad hore u haysatid wadwado ku qaabaysan baruurta^(FAT) , wali waad bedeli kartaa adigoon lumin xogta.

Qaababka ugu Fiican ee Linux Hard Drive-yada Dibadda^{(Best Formats For Linux External Hard Drives)}

Qaybinta Linux^(Linux) sida Ubuntu Linux ayaa noqonaysa mid aad caan u ah maalinta, laakiin wali waa heer sare guud ahaan. Linux waxay leedahay qaabab EXT u gaar ah oo haddii aad kaliya^(only) u adeegsanayso wadistaada dibadda mashiinka Linux , si badbaado leh ayaad u sii socon kartaa oo dooran kartaa qaabkaas. 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Linux waxay taageertaa NTFS , taas oo ka dhigaysa go-dhexdhexaadnimo wanaagsan haddii aad leedahay labadaba Windows iyo Linux . Mac sidoo kale wuu akhriyi karaa ^{(read )}NTFS . Xulashada ugu habboon waa FAT32 , laakiin sida aan kor ku soo sheegnay waxay leedahay xaddid adag oo 4GB ah cabbirrada faylka. 

Nasiib darro, Linux weli taageero uma hayo exFAT, laakiin taasi waxaa lagu soo waramayaa inay isbedeleyso marka la sii daayo Kernel 5.4 .

Maxaa ku saabsan Kaararka SD & USB Suulka Wadayaasha?^{(What About SD Cards & USB Thumb Drives?)}

Doorashada qaabka ugu fiican ee darawallada adag ee dibadda waxay ku lug leeyihiin tixgelin kala duwan marka loo eego qaababka kale ee kaydinta dibadda. Kaararka SD iyo suulka USB weli waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nolosheena dhijitaalka ah, haddaba qaababkee ayaad dooran kartaa?

Iyada oo raqiis ah haddana waaweyn flash drives-ka aan maanta haysano, waxaa jira xoogaa is-daba-joog ah oo ku saabsan kiisaska isticmaalka suulka iyo darawallada adag ee dibadda. Taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad rabto inaad isticmaasho faylal waaweyn, sida faylalka fiidiyoowga HD, ee suulkaaga. Taasi waxay ka dhigeysaa exFAT doorasho wanaagsan. Gaar ahaan haddii aad sidoo kale rabto inaad ku isticmaasho suulkaaga iPads, iPhones iyo Macs . 

FAT32 waa dib-u-dhac haddii aad rabto inaad ku isticmaasho suulkaaga aaladaha hore ee aan taageerin exFAT. Dabcan, haddii aad sidoo kale isticmaali doonto suulkaaga mashiinka Linux ee hadda , exFAT ma shaqeyn doonto waqtiga qorista. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, taasi waa ay isbedeli doontaa mustaqbalka.

Kaararka SD, doorashadaada waa in ay si buuxda u maamulaan qaababka aaladaha aad isticmaalayso taageerada. exFAT weli waa doorasho wanaagsan haddii DSLR kaaga (tusaale ahaan) ay taageerto, laakiin raac talada soo-saaraha. Dhab ahaantii, aaladaha intooda badani waxay leeyihiin nidaam qaabaynta kaadhka SD gudaha, markaa waxaanu kugula talinaynaa inaad si fudud u ogolaato qalabka loogu talagalay inuu qaabeeyo kaadhka.

Soo afjarida Dagaalada Qaabka^{(Ending The Format Wars)}

Xulashada qaabka darawalkaaga dibadda waxay noqon kartaa jahawareer qurux badan. Xulashada mid khaldan waxay isu rogi kartaa xanuun dhab ah marka ay tahay inaad kaydiso oo aad dib u habayn ku samayso darawalka oo dhan sababtoo ah uma shaqayn doonto ujeeddadii loogu talagalay. 

Waxaan rajeyneynaa^(Hopefully) inaad hadda ogtahay fursadaha kor ku xusan si aad uga soo qaadato liiska qaababka ugu wanaagsan ee loogu talagalay darawallada adag ee dibadda, taas oo badbaadin karta hilibka doofaarka markaad samaynayso doorasho khaldan waxay u horseedi kartaa xaalad uu disk dibadda ah kaliya ku xiri doono-iyo-ciyaar.

What Is the Best Format For External Hard-Drives? Pros & Cons Of Each

External hard drives, flash drives and other similar forms of removable storagе have made lifе prеtty easу when it comes to moving dаta around. However, we live in а world where each person is likely to own multiple devices that external storage could (theoretically) be connected to. 

There are also various use cases for external storage and, importantly, plenty of formats to choose from. So when you have to pick a format for your shiny new external storage device, what is the best format for external hard drives?

Just What Is a Disk “Format”?

What does it mean to “format” a disk? What is a disk format anyway? It’s actually pretty easy to understand. Your SSD, hard disk, flash drive, SD card or whatever storage medium you’re working with has a set amount of raw physical space. 

For example, an SSD consists of microchips that contain microscopic memory cells. Each cell can hold a specific number of “bits”. That is, the ones and zeroes that make up binary code. Think of it as a gigantic room filled with empty book shelves. 

A format is the organizing principle we use to fill that space with data. In a library, something like the Dewey Decimal System is used to determine in which order books go on the shelves. This makes it very easy to find a specific book. In the same way, a disk format tells the computer how to store information on the disk.

Some disk formats are more efficient than others, while certain formats are simply not compatible with particular operating systems. 

Can macOS Read Windows Formats?

Out of the box, macOS can understand exactly two formats from the world of Microsoft Windows. The first is FAT and the other is exFAT, which we’ll discuss a little later. 

The main Windows disk format, NTFS, isn’t supported by macOS. At least, not entirely. NTFS disks can be read by macOS, but not written to. That’s useful if you need to get some data from a friend’s Windows disk, but if you use both Windows and macOS, you’ll need a different option. The most likely choice is exFAT, which we’ll go into more detail below. 

You also have the option of using third-party addon applications, but of course this is hardly the most elegant solution. This is a particularly important point if you use BootCamp on your Mac, since you don’t want to lose access to external storage just because you booted into a different operating system.

Can Windows Read macOS Formats?

Windows PCs can not read macOS formats. The file systems used by macOS aren’t ones that Windows can understand by itself. It needs a little help in the form of a third-party application to read and write to these disks. 

The only free application that will let you do this we are aware of is hfsexplorer, which uses Java and is really only suitable for the odd file transfer. 

FAT32 – The Most Compatible Option

The FAT or File Allocation Table is quite possibly the most widely-supported disk format in existence today. It’s a direct continuation of the original DOS format used on floppy diskettes and hard drives. FAT32 exists mainly to extend the absolute file size that older versions of FAT can handle. The largest single file size that FAT32 can handle is 4GB. 

That’s probably OK for most files, especially if you’re using a thumb drive rather than an external hard drive. However, it’s pretty normal these days to have video files or other high-fidelity assets that are larger than 4GB, which makes this unsuitable for large drives that are likely to host bigger files.

If you absolutely know that you won’t have any files larger than 4GB and want to use the drive with devices such as older TVs that don’t support exFAT, then FAT32 is a good choice.

Using Apple and Windows? You Want exFAT!

exFAT solves the file size limitation of FAT32 and manages to remain a fast and lightweight format that doesn’t bog down even basic devices with USB mass storage support. 

While exFAT is not quite as widely supported as FAT32, it’s still compatible with many TVs, cameras and other similar devices. Most importantly, exFAT works with both Windows and macOS.

The only real downside of exFAT for external hard drives is its lack of “journaling” ability. This means it doesn’t have the ability to keep a record of file changes. One of the consequences of this is that exFAT drives are a little more vulnerable to data corruption from sudden power losses. 

Be sure to either make your drive safe to remove or to avoid unplugging it while its reading or writing to the disk.

NTFS – For Windows Users Only

NTFS or the New Technology File System is the current Windows default. It’s the most secure, robust file system that a Windows user could wish for. This means it’s the format of choice for system drives on Windows computers. 

NTFS has quite a lot of strong advantages, which may actually make it a good format choice for certain external hard drives, depending on the circumstances. 

• NTFS is resistant against disk corruption caused by a power failure. 
• It has extensive security features, such as per-folder permissions. 
• Making is simple for multiple users to share the same drive without having access to each other’s data. 
• It’s also notable for its journaling feature, which keeps a record of file changes. This is part of the reason why it’s more resistant to file corruption.

If you want to use your external drive with Windows machines only, NTFS is a fine choice and probably the best option overall. However, if you need to use the drive beyond the confines of the modern Windows ecosystem, it’s better to go with exFAT instead. 

If you already have a drive that’s formatted in FAT, you can still convert it without losing data.

Best Formats For Linux External Hard Drives

Linux distributions such as Ubuntu Linux are becoming more popular by the day, but are still relatively niche overall. Linux has its own proprietary EXT formats and if you are only going to use your external drive with a Linux machine, you can safely go ahead and pick that format. 

However, Linux supports NTFS, which makes for a decent go-between if you have both Windows and Linux machines. Mac can also read NTFS. The most compatible option is FAT32, but as we mentioned above it has a hard 4GB limit on file sizes. 

Unfortunately, Linux does not yet have support for exFAT, but that is reportedly set to change with the release of Kernel 5.4.

What About SD Cards & USB Thumb Drives?

The choice for the best format for external hard drives involves different considerations compared to other forms of external storage. SD cards and USB thumb drives are still an important part of our digital lives, so which formats should you pick?

With the fairly cheap yet large flash drives we have today, there’s some overlap in the use cases for thumb drives and external hard drives. Which means you may want to use large files, such as HD video files, on your thumb drive. That makes exFAT a good choice. Especially if you also want to use your thumb drive with iPads, iPhones and Macs. 

FAT32 is a fallback if you want to use your thumb drive with older devices that don’t support exFAT. Of course, if you’re also going to use your thumb drive on your current Linux machine, exFAT won’t work at the time of writing. However, that’s set to change in the future.

With SD cards, your choice should be entirely driven by which formats the devices you use support. exFAT is still a good choice if your DSLR (for example) supports it, but follow the manufacturer’s recommendation. In fact, most devices have an internal SD card formatting routine, so we recommend you simply let the intended device format the card.

Ending The Format Wars

Picking a format for your external drive can be pretty confusing. Picking the wrong one can turn into a real pain when you have to backup and reformat an entire drive because it won’t work for its intended purpose. 

Hopefully you now know which options above to pick from the list of best formats for external hard drives, which can save your bacon when making the wrong choice can lead to a situation where an external disk just won’t plug-and-play.

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