Kahor intaadan fahmin qaybaha xun xun^{(Bad Sectors)} iyo sida loo hagaajiyo qaybaha xun, waa inaad ogaataa qaybaha iyo waxay qabtaan. Boostadani waxay sharraxaysaa qaybaha, qaybaha xun, waxayna kuu sheegaysaa sida loo hagaajiyo qaybaha xun. Dhammaan aaladaha kaydinta magnetic waxay leeyihiin qaybo. Tani waa halka xogta lagu kaydiyo gudaha marka la isticmaalayo kombiyuutarada. Tusaale ahaan waa HDD .

Qaybaha Hard Disk-yada iyo SSD

Hard Disk^{(Disk Drive)} -gaaga ( HDD ) waxa uu ka kooban yahay in ka badan hal saxan oo magnetized si loo kaydiyo xogta. Saxanka magnetized waxaa loo yaqaan platters . Saxanku wuxuu ka koobnaan karaa xogta hal dhinac ama labada dhinacba - waxay ku xidhan tahay samaynta HDD ee aad isticmaalayso. Sidaas awgeed, waxa uu ka kooban yahay tiro madax- Read/Write ah oo la mid noqon kara tirada saxannada (hal dhinac ah) ama labanlaabmi kara tirada saxanadaha haddii ay dhacdo in saxanka labada dhinac laga isticmaalo.

Saxan kasta oo magnetized ah waxa uu u qaybsan yahay waddooyin iyo qaybo. Raadku waa goobo aan la arki karin oo xoog leh oo leh dhexroor kala duwan oo joogto ah, oo ku calaamadsan saxan kasta. Qaybtu^{(The sector)} waa cabbirka ugu yar ee xogta la akhriyi karo ama la qori karo, hal mar, kombuyuutar. Marka xogta lagu qoro galalka, waxay (faylalka) ku faafaan qaybo badan - oo loo yaqaan koox. ^{(cluster. )}Kutlad kastaa waxay leedahay aqoonsi u gaar ah si ay madax-wax-akhris/qorista u soo qaataan ama u kaydiyaan xogta. Faylka waxaa laga yaabaa ama laguma keydin karo hal waddo; waxaa loo qaybin karaa wadooyin kala duwan iyo kooxo kala duwan (sida faylalka la jajabiyey).

Qayb ka mid ah Hard Disk^{(Disk Drive)} -gu waxay haysaa 512 bytes oo xog ah. HDD horumarsan qaarkood ayaa hayn kara xogta 4K ee qaybta.

Waa maxay Qaybaha Xun?

Qaybta xun waa qayb aanu kombayuutarku geli karin^{(A bad sector is a sector that cannot be accessed by the computer)} , oo uu burburiyo qaar ka mid ah software-ka ama shilalka jidhka. Haddii aad HDD^(HDD) ka soo riddo 2 mitir, fursadaha ayaa ah in qaybaha qaarkood ay noqdaan kuwo aan la isticmaali karin.  HDD-yadu^(HDDs) waa jilicsan yihiin marka loo eego SSD^(SSDs) -yada . SSD aad ayay ugu adkaysanaysaa shoogaga iman kara. Halkan waxaa ah macluumaad dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan HDD vs SSD .

Xogta lagu kaydiyay qaybaha lama heli karo haddii ay dhacdo qaybo xun HDD . SSD^(SSDs) - yada (adag-state drives) sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin qaybo laakiin waxaa loo yaqaan blocks . SSD^(SSDs) - yadu ma laha saxanno wareeg ah oo magnetized iyo demagnetized si ay u akhriyaan/qoraan xogta nidaamka hawlgalka. Laakiin kiiskan, sidoo kale, waxaa jira suurtagalnimada dhaawaca qaybta.

Caadiyan, burburka waaxdu wuxuu muujiyaa hoos u dhac HDD waxaana laga yaabaa inay sababto walaac. SSD^(SSDs) - yada , looma baahna in lagu argagaxo xitaa haddii ay jiraan qaybo xun sababtoo ah macnaheedu maaha SSD guul daraystay . Laakin sii wad saxannada xaalad kasta ha ahaatee, si aad u noqoto dhinaca badbaadada.

Hagaajinta Qaybaha Xun

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo dhaawac ah oo loo geysto qaybaha: Jireed^(Physical) iyo mid macquul^(Logical) ah. Burburka jireed lama hagaajin karo inta dhaawaca macquulka ah ee jilicsan la hagaajin karo iyadoo la isticmaalayo amarka la dhisay CHKDSK Windows Disk Checking Tool , ama software hubinta qaladka diskka qolo saddexaad.

Isticmaalka khadka taliska ee CHKDSK ee qaybaha xun^(Bad)

Habka ugu fudud ee lagu ogaan karo laguna hagaajin karo qaybaha xun waa in la isticmaalo DOS ( Disk Operating System ) khadka taliska ee CHKDSK^{(command-line CHKDSK)} .

• Riix furaha Windows oo ay la socdaan R.
• Sanduuqa wada hadalka amarka Run ayaa soo muuqan doona^(Run)
• Ku qor CMD^{(Type CMD)} sanduuqa wadahadalka Run oo ku dhufo Enter/Return furaha
• Daaqadda madow ee Command Prompt , ku qor CHKDSK /F C: oo tabo Gelida
• Amarka ayaa baari doona C Drive kaaga.
• Haddii aad rabto inaad hubiso saxan kale, isticmaal alifbeetada wadista sida D: ama G:
• /F waxa ay tilmaamaysaa in amarku ku qasban yahay in uu raadiyo oo uu hagaajiyo khaladaadka ku jira saxannada kaydinta ee uu baadho

Waxaa laga yaabaa inay dhacdo in kumbiyuutarku uusan bilaabin iskaanka khaladaadka isla marka aad soo saarto amarka CHKDSK . Waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku weydiisato inaad dib u bilowdo kumbuyuutarka si uu amarku u yeesho marin gaar ah oo loo maro xididka ( Normally C Drive ) ee aaladaha kaydinta kombiyuutarkaaga.

Akhri^(Read) : How to Migrate Windows 11/10 from HDD to SSD free .

Isticmaalka Qalabka Hubinta Cilada Disk-ga Windows^{(Windows Disk Error Checking Tool)}

• Fur File Explorer^{(Open File Explorer)} oo ku dhufo midigta wadwadda aad rabto inaad hubiso oo dayactirto.
• Laga soo bilaabo menu-ka macnaha guud ee soo muuqda, ka dooro ikhtiyaarka ku calaamadsan Properties .
• Sanduuqa wada-hadalka ee soo muuqda ka dib markaad gujiso Properties, dhagsii tab dheh Tools .
• Waxaad arki doontaa ikhtiyaar aad ku socodsiiso Qaladka Hubinta^{(Error Checking)} . Guji^(Click) Hadda Hubi^{(Check Now)}
• Sanduuqa wada-hadalka ee soo muuqda, dooro labada doorasho> Si toos ah u hagaaji khaladaadka nidaamka faylka^{(Automatically fix file system errors)} iyo iskaan-ka-soo-kabashada iyo iskuday soo kabashada qaybaha xun^{(Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors)}
• Qalabka Checker^{(Error Checker Tool)} - ka ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inuu ku weydiiyo inaad dib u bilowdo si ay u hesho marinka xididka ka hor inta aanad bilaabin iskaanka.

Isticmaalka software dhinac saddexaad si loo hagaajiyo qaybaha xun iyo soo kabsado xogta

Waxaa jira dhowr software oo hubinaya qaladka diskka dhinac saddexaad^{(third-party disk error checking software)} oo sheeganaya inay hagaajinayaan qaybaha xun oo ay ka soo ceshaan xogta iyaga. Software-ka noocaan ah wuxuu noqon karaa bilaash ama lacag-bixineed. EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard waa ikhtiyaar wanaagsan oo bilaash ah haddii aad i weydiiso talo.

la xiriira^(Related) :  Sida loo ilaaliyo Solid State Drive oo loo kordhiyo nolosha SSD .

What are Bad Sectors? How do you repair Bad Sectors?

Before understаnding Bad Sectors and how to repair bad sectors, you should know about sectors and what they do. This post explains sectors, bad sectors, and tells you how to repair bad sectors. All magnetic storage devices have sectors. This is where data is stored locally when using computers. An example is the HDD.

Sectors on Hard Disks and SSD

Your Hard Disk Drive (HDD) contains more than one magnetized disk to store data. These magnetized disks are known as platters. A platter can contain data on one side or on both sides – depending upon the make of HDD you are using. Accordingly, it contains a number of Read/Write heads that can be equal to the number of disks (single-sided) or double the number of disks in case the disks are used on both sides.

Each magnetized disk is divided into tracks and sectors. Tracks are invisible concentric circles with regularly varying diameters, marked on each disk. The sector is the smallest size of data that can be read or written, at a time, by a computer. When data is written into files, they (files) are spread across many sectors – called a cluster. Each cluster has its own ID so that the read/write heads can fetch or store data. The file may or may not be stored in a single track; it could be divided over different tracks and different clusters (as in defragmented files).

A sector on a Hard Disk Drive can hold 512 bytes of data. Some advanced HDD can hold 4K bits of data in a sector.

What are Bad Sectors?

A bad sector is a sector that cannot be accessed by the computer, being destroyed either by some software or by physical accidents. If you drop an HDD from 2 meters, the chances are that some of the sectors may become unusable.  HDDs are fragile as compared to SSDs. SSD is most resistant to potential shocks. Here is more information on HDD vs SSD.

Data stored in sectors cannot be accessed in case of bad sectors on HDD. The SSDs (solid-state drives) also have sectors but they are called blocks. The SSDs don’t have rotating disks that are magnetized and demagnetized for data read/write operations by the operating system. But in this case, too, there are possibilities of sector damage.

Usually, sector damage indicates a failing HDD and may be a cause for concern. In SSDs, there is no need to panic even if there are some bad sectors because they don’t mean a failing SSD. But keep backing up the disks in either case, to be on the safe side.

Repair Bad Sectors

There are two types of damage done to sectors: Physical and Logical. The physical damages cannot be repaired while the soft logical damages can be repaired using the inbuilt command CHKDSK Windows Disk Error Checking Tool, or a third party disk error checking software.

Using command-line CHKDSK for Bad Sectors

The easiest method to discover and repair bad sectors is to use the DOS (Disk Operating System) command-line CHKDSK.

• Press Windows Key along with R.
• The Run command dialog box will appear
• Type CMD in the Run command dialog box and hit Enter/Return key
• In the black window of Command Prompt, type CHKDSK /F C: and press Enter
• The command will scan your C Drive.
• If you want to check another disk, use that drive alphabet like D: or G:
• /F indicates that the command has to find and repair errors on the storage disks it scans

It may happen that the computer will not start scanning for errors as soon as you issue the CHKDSK command. It may ask you to restart the computer so that the command has exclusive access to the root (Normally C Drive) of your computer’s storage devices.

Read: How to Migrate Windows 11/10 from HDD to SSD free.

Using Windows Disk Error Checking Tool

• Open File Explorer and right-click on the drive that you want to check and repair.
• From the context menu that appears, select the option labeled Properties.
• In the dialog box that appears after clicking on Properties, click on the tab saying Tools.
• You will see an option to run Error Checking tool. Click on Check Now
• In the dialog box that appears, select both options > Automatically fix file system errors and the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors
• The Error Checker Tool too may ask you to reboot so that it can gain access to the root drive before starting the scan.

Using third party software to repair bad sectors and recover data

There are several third-party disk error checking software that claim to repair bad sectors and retrieve data from them. Such software may be free or paid. EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard is a good free option if you ask me for a recommendation.

Related: How to protect Solid State Drive and extend SSD life.

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