Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in in ka badan 90% dhammaan macluumaadka cusub ee adduunka laga soo saaro lagu kaydiyo warbaahinta magnetic, inteeda badanna lagu kaydiyo disk-ga adag. In kasta oo ay muhiim yihiin, waxaa jira shaqo yar oo daabacan oo ku saabsan qaababka guul dareysiga ee darawallada diskooga^{(failure patterns of disk drives)} , iyo arrimaha muhiimka ah ee saameeya noloshooda. Inta badan xogta la heli karo waxay ku salaysan tahay ka-baxsanaanta tijaabooyinka gabowga ee la dedejiyay ama daraasado goobeed oo cabbirkoodu yar yahay.

Waxaa intaa dheer, daraasado dadwayne oo waaweyn ayaa dhif ah inay helaan kaabayaal si ay u ururiyaan calaamadaha caafimaadka qaybaha shaqada, taas oo ah macluumaadka muhiimka ah ee falanqaynta fashilka ee faahfaahsan.

Macaamiishu waxay ku beddelaan darawallada diskooga heerar aad uga sarreeya kuwa lagu qiyaasay celceliska wakhtiga u dhexeeya guuldarrada ( MTBF ) oo ay bixiyaan iibiyaasha baabuurta, sida lagu sheegay daraasad ku saabsan 100,000 oo darawallada oo ay samaysay Jaamacadda Carnegie Mellon^{(Carnegie Mellon University)} .

Fashilka Hard Disk-ga

Daraasada Carnegie Mellon waxay baadhay nidaamyada wax soo saarka ee waaweyn, oo ay ku jiraan goobaha xisaabinta waxqabadka sare leh iyo goobaha adeegyada internetka ee ku shaqeeya ^(Internet)SCSI , FC, iyo SATA drive. Xaashiyaha xogta ee darawalladaas waxay ku taxan yihiin MTBF inta u dhaxaysa 1 milyan ilaa 1.5 milyan saacadood, taas oo daraasaddu sheegtay inay macnaheedu tahay heerarka guuldarrada sannadlaha ah "ugu badnaan 0.88%." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasaddu waxay muujisay heerarka caadiga ah ee beddelka sannadlaha ah ee u dhexeeya 2% iyo 4%, "iyo ilaa 13% lagu arkay nidaamyada qaarkood."

Haddaba maxay tani uga dhigan tahay adiga, macmiilka iibsanaya darawallada adag iyo kombuyuutarrada wata darawallada adag?

Waxaan haystaa in ka badan 25 sano oo injineernimada, wax soo saarka, iyo horumarinta software-ka ah markaa marka hore aan eegno arrin muhiim ah oo ka mid ah hababka wax soo saarka caadiga ah ee baabuurta iyo diyaaradaha ilaa darawallada adag iyo taleefannada casriga ah. Soo saaraha caadiga ah ee badeecad kasta oo dhamaadka ah ayaa dhab ahaantii soo saarta qaybo ka mid ah qaybaha ka kooban alaabta dhamaadka. Iyaga, dhab ahaantii, waxay ka bixiyaan wax-soo-saarka iyo inta badan naqshadeynta dhammaan qaybaha hoose ee siinta alaab-qeybiyaha oo ka kooban midna haba-yaraatee ilaa tilmaamo ballaaran, tijaabin, iyo kormeer. Alaab-qeybiyaha loo xushay inuu keeno qeeybta inta badan waa kan ugu hooseeya halka warshadeeyayaasha qaarkood ay doortaan alaab-qeybiyaha ugu wanaagsan iyagoo ku saleynaya qiimaha isku darka qiimaha, tayada, iyo isku halaynta.

Habkan wax-ka-soo-saarka dibadda waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan saldhigga alaab-qeybiyaha. Alaab-qeybiyaha heerka koowaad ayaa si toos ah u siiya soo saaraha badeecada dhamaadka. Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha heerka koowaad waa alaab-qeybiyeyaal tier two, sidaas darteed waxay hoos ugu dhacdaa silsiladda cuntada. Farsamo ahaan marka laga hadlayo soo saaraha darawalada adag, iyagu, runtii, waa alaab-qeybiye heer-koowaad ah oo soo saaraha kombayuutarka. Nidaamkani waxa uu sharraxayaa sababta markii dawladda Maraykanku ^(United) ay^(Government) la legdamaysay in ay damiinto Warshadleyda Baabuurta Maraykanka ^{(US Automobile Manufacturers)}dadka^(States) laga soo xigtay in haddii loo ogolaado in ay hoos tagaan, boqollaal kun oo qof ay waayi doonaan shaqooyinkooda. Waxay tixraacayeen shaqaalaha dhammaan alaab-qeybiyeyaasha heerka.

Nidaamkan oo kale, tayada alaabta dhamaadka ayaa kaliya u wanaagsan sida isku xirka ugu liita ee silsiladda sahayda. Xakamaynta tayada aadka u^(Very) adag oo adag iyo hababka naqshadaynta ayaa isticmaala badi alaab-qeybiyeyaasha si loo hubiyo tayada alaabtooda laakiin dhamaadka, wali waxay hoos ugu dhacdaa suurtagalnimada qaladka aadanaha. Xataa nalalka ugu casrisan ee damay, 24/7, kombuyuutar lagu maamulo, iyo warshada wax soo saarka ee Robot-ka ee aduunka waxa ay ku xiran tahay qaladka bini'aadamka. Qofka Robot-ka samaynaya waxa laga yaabaa in aanu xoogga saarin hawsha taas oo keenaysa in Robotku uu dhigo microchip qayb ka mid ah mikrometer-ka bar-tilmaameedka 100-kii hawl-gal kasta taas oo keenaysa in dariiqaaga adag uu dhibaato kala kulmo marka kombayutarka isku midka ah ee qofka aad wada shaqaynaysaa uu noo fiican yahay.

Guuldarrooyinka hore ee sidan oo kale maaha wax aan caadi ahayn. Waa waxa dhammaan dammaanadyadu u tixraacaan sida "ciladaha wax soo saarka". Erayga warshadaha gudaha waa Fashilka Dhimashada Dhallaanka^{(Infant Mortality Failure)} ( IMF ). Damaanadqaadyadu waxay leeyihiin waqti xaddidan sababtoo ah waxaa loogu talagalay inay kaa ilaaliyaan IMFs . Dhab ahaantii waxaa jira heerar kala duwan oo IMFs ah . Inta badan qalabka elektaroonigga ah ayaa mara nooc ka mid ah imtixaannada inta badan loo yaqaanno gubashada. Tani waxay tijaabinaysaa guul-darro degdeg ah ama guuldarro dhawrka daqiiqo ee ugu horreeya. Kuwaas waxaa sababa cilladaha wax-soo-saarka guud ee keena guul-darrida masiibada ah isla markiiba.

IMF-yada dhibka^(IMFs) badan ayaa ah kuwa kaa dhigaya adiga, macaamilka, inaad si aan cillad lahayn u qabato muddo gaaban, ka dibna bam, way dhimatay. Soosaarayaashu way neceb yihiin guuldarrooyinkan sababtoo ah hadda ra'yigaaga soo saaraha waa la kharribay. Weligaa ma aadan ogayn guuldarrooyinka inta lagu guda jiro gubashada oo aad ku faraxsanaayeen inaadan ogayn iyaga, laakiin marka darawalkaaga adag uu dhinto habeen ka hor wakhtiga kama dambaysta ah, waxaad tagtaa ballistic oo waxaad dalbanaysaa adduunka magdhow. Qiimaha fashilkan waa mid dheer oo ka sarreeya kharashka darawalka adag ee cusub. Waxaa laga yaabaa inay keento macaamiil lumay weligiis. Tani waa sababta aanan waligey u yeelan doonin kombuyuutar kale oo HP inkasta oo laga yaabo inay yihiin kombiyuutaro waaweyn. Waxaan helay mid xun waxayna igu dhibtay HP weligeed.

la xiriira^(Related) : Hard Drive-ku wuu is masaxay! maxaan sameeyaa

Haddaba maxaad samayn kartaa si aad naftaada u ilaaliso?

Anigu shakhsi ahaan had iyo jeer waxaan sameeyaa cilmi baaris badan ka hor iibsashada qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee cusub. IMF waxay ku noqon kartaa dhibaato joogto ah mid ka mid ah soo saaraha ama moodeelka ilaa laga helo sababta asalka u ah dhibaatada. Waxay xitaa noqon kartaa cillad naqshadeed oo ma aha dhibaato wax soo saar. Waxaan dhawaan soo iibsaday shaashad weyn oo HD TV ah waxaanan u maleeyay in aan rabo meesha sare ee khadka Panasonic 3D Plasma ilaa aan ka bartay akhrinta dib u eegista ilo dhowr ah in moodooyinka 2010 ay la kulmaan goor hore (3 bilood gudahood) luminta heerarka madow iyo kuma filna. macluumaadka ayaa la helay si loo go'aamiyo haddii lagu go'aamiyay moodooyinka 2011. Markaa waxaan iibsaday dookheyga labaad.

Shayga kale ee aadka u cad ee aad ku samayn karto si gaar ah kombayutarka hard drive-ka ayaa ah inaad kaydiso xogtaada ama sawirka nidaamkaaga oo dhan. Anigu shakhsi ahaan waxaan isticmaalaa badeecad la yiraahdo Acronis True Image . Waxa aan sameeyaa sawir kaabis ah nidaamkayga oo dhan ka bacdina waxa aan sameeyaa kaabayaal korodhsi habeen kasta. Waxa aan haystaa in aan ilaaliyo 10-kordhin ee hore si aan mar walba dib ugu soo celiyo noocii hore ee dhawaa. Waxaan tan ku celinayaa 1 TB oo dibadeed Hard Drive ah . Ka warran haddii uu ku guul-darraystay darawalkaas adag aad tidhaahdo? Hagaag, suurtogalnimada kumbiyuutarkaaga adag iyo dariiqaaga adag ee dibadda inay isku mar ku fashilmaan waa fogaan laakiin aniga ayaa leh meherad ii gaar ah sidaa darteed waxaan haystaa darawal adag oo dibadda ah oo aan badnayn oo aan ku sameeyo kayd badan si aan u badbaado.

Waxaan sidoo kale kugula talin lahaa inaad hesho ilaaliye qalliin oo tayo wanaagsan leh, maaha nooca aad ka hesho Walmart ee ku xiga xadhkaha fidinta laakiin unug tayo wanaagsan leh oo ka socda iibiyaha ugu fiican sida Best Buy ama tafaariiqle kasta oo kombuyuutar ah. Waxaan isticmaalaa unug Belkin ah oo qiimahoodu ku dhow yahay $40 USD .

Hubi tan haddii aad u baahan tahay xoogaa Freeware ah si aad ula socoto Hard Disk-ga fashilka iman kara^{(Freeware to Monitor Hard Disk for Potential Failure)} .^{(Check this if you need some Freeware to Monitor Hard Disk for Potential Failure.)}

Qoraaga Boostada Martida, Randy L. Miller waa maamulaha guud ee Alagad Incorporated.^{(The author of this Guest Post, Randy L. Miller is the C.E.O of Alagad Incorporated.)}

Why did my hard disk fail or crash so fast & for no apparent reason?

It is estimated that ovеr 90% of all new information produced in the world is being stored on magnetic media, most оf it on hard disk drives. Despite their іmportance, there iѕ relatiνely little published work on the failure patterns of disk drives, and the key factors that affect their lifetime. Most available data are either based on extrapolation from accelerated aging experiments or from relatively modest-sized field studies.

Moreover, larger population studies rarely have the infrastructure in place to collect health signals from components in operation, which is critical information for detailed failure analysis.

Customers replace disk drives at rates far higher than those suggested by the estimated mean time between failure (MTBF) supplied by drive vendors, according to a study of about 100,000 drives conducted by Carnegie Mellon University.

Hard Disk Failure

A Carnegie Mellon study examined large production systems, including high-performance computing sites and Internet services sites running SCSI, FC, and SATA drive. The datasheets for those drives listed MTBF between 1 million to 1.5 million hours, which the study said should mean annual failure rates “of at most 0.88%.” However, the study showed typical annual replacement rates of between 2% and 4%, “and up to 13% observed on some systems.”

So what does this mean to you, the consumer who purchases hard drives and computers with hard drives?

I have over 25 years of engineering, manufacturing, and software development experience so first let’s examine an important aspect of typical manufacturing processes from automobiles and airplanes to hard drives and smartphones. The typical manufacturer of any end product actually produces a few of the components that make up the end product. They, in fact, outsource the manufacture and often the design of almost all subcomponents giving the supplier oversight ranging from none at all to expansive specifications, testing, and oversight. The supplier picked to supply the component is often the lowest bidder while some manufacturers choose the best supplier based on the value which is a combination of price, quality, and reliability.

This system of outsourcing is often referred to as the tiered supplier base. A tier one supplier supplies directly to the manufacturer of the end product. The suppliers to the tier one supplier are tier two suppliers, and so goes it down the food chain. Technically in the case of a hard drive manufacturer, they, in fact, are a tier-one supplier to the computer manufacturer. This system explains why when the United States Government was wrestling with whether to bail out the US Automobile Manufacturers people were quoted as saying if they are allowed to go under, hundreds of thousands of people will lose their jobs. They were referring to the employees of all the tier suppliers.

In a system like this, the quality of the end product is only as good as the weakest link in the supply chain. Very complex and rigid quality control and design methods are used by most suppliers to ensure the quality of their products but in the end, it still comes down to the potential for human error. Even the most sophisticated lights out, 24/7, computer-controlled, & robotized manufacturing plant in the world is subject to human error. The person programming the robot may not be concentrating on the task causing the robot to place a microchip a fraction of a micrometer off target every 100th operation causing your hard drive to have problems when your co-worker’s identical computer us just fine.

Early failures like this are not uncommon. It is what all warranties refer to as “manufacturing defects”. The inside industry term is Infant Mortality Failure (IMF). Warranties have a time limit because they are intended to protect you against IMFs. There are in fact different levels of IMFs. Most electronics go through some sort of test often referred to as burn-in. This is testing for an immediate failure or a failure in the first few minutes. These are caused by gross manufacturing defects that cause catastrophic failure almost immediately.

The more bothersome IMFs are the ones that make it all the way to you, the consumer, perform flawlessly for a short period of time, and then bam, it’s dead. The manufacturers hate these failures because now your opinion of the manufacturer is tarnished. You never knew of the failures during burn-in and were happy not knowing about them but when your hard drive dies the night before a critical deadline, you go ballistic and demand the world for compensation. The cost of this failure is long-term and higher than the cost of a new hard drive. It may result in a lost customer forever. This is why I will never own another HP computer even though they may be great computers. I got a bad one and it tarnished me against HP forever.

Related: Hard drive wiped itself! What do I do?

So what can you do to protect yourself?

I personally always do a lot of research before any new electronics purchase. IMF can be a persistent problem with one manufacturer or model until the root cause of the problem is found and corrected. It could even be a design flaw and not a manufacturing problem. I recently purchased a new big-screen HD TV and I thought I wanted the top of the line Panasonic 3D Plasma until I learned through reading reviews from several sources that the 2010 models experience early (within 3 months) loss of black levels and not enough information was available to determine if it was fixed in the 2011 models. So I bought my second choice.

The other more obvious thing you can do specifically with a computer hard drive is to back up your data or image your entire system. I personally use a product called Acronis True Image. I make a backup image of my entire system and then make incremental backups every night. I have it set to keep 10 past increments so I can always reset back to an earlier recent version. I back this up to a dedicated 1 TB external Hard Drive. What if that hard drive fails you say? Well, the likelihood of your computer hard drive and your external hard drive failing at the same time is remote but I own my own business so I have a redundant external hard drive that I do redundant backups on just to be safe.

I would also recommend you get a good quality surge protector, not the kind you get at Walmart next to the extension cords but a good quality unit from a retailer like Best Buy or any computer supply retailer. I USE A Belkin unit that costs around $40 USD.

Check this if you need some Freeware to Monitor Hard Disk for Potential Failure.

The author of this Guest Post, Randy L. Miller is the C.E.O of Alagad Incorporated.

Related posts

• Sida si ammaan ah oo badbaado leh loogu tuuro Kumbiyuutarradii hore

• Sida loo beddelo darawallada adag ee gudaha Windows 11/10 oo leh Hot Swap

• Sida loo xaliyo dhibaatada isku dhaca Saxeexa Disk ee gudaha Windows 11/10

• Sida loo beddelo Cabbirka Kooxda Hard Disk-ga gudaha Windows 10

• AOMEI Partition Assistant Standard Review & Soodejin bilaash ah

• Sida loo hagaajiyo Hard Disk-ga 1 Degdegga ah 303 iyo Khaladaadka 305 Buuxa

• Software-ka bilaashka ah si loola socdo loogana hubiyo caafimaadka Hard Disk-ga fashilka iman kara

• Sida Looga Hortago Hard Disk-ga inuu ku seexdo gudaha Windows 10

• Deji waqtiga Hard Disk-ga adiga oo isticmaalaya khadka taliska PowerCFG gudaha Windows 10

• Sida loo sameeyo Virtual Hard Disk-ga Windows 11/10

• Sida loo hubiyo waxa Hard Drive aad ku leedahay Windows 11/10

• Hubi Hard Drive-ka qaybaha xun ee Hard Disk-ga

• Benchmark, Monitor Hard Disk-yada, USB - CrystalDiskMark, CrystalDiskInfo

• IsMyHdOK waa software hubinta caafimaadka Hard Disk-ga oo bilaash ah Windows 10

• Ku dar ama ka saar tabka Hardware gudaha Drive Properties gudaha Windows 10

• Cloning wuu guuldarraystay, Khalad ayaa dhacay markii aad akhrinaysay saxanka

• Ku tijaabi oo ku hagaaji khaladaadka darawaladaada Check Disk (chkdsk) gudaha Windows 7

• Hagaaji Guuldarada SMART ee lagu saadaaliyay fariinta qaladka Hard Disk-ga ee boot

• HP 3D DriveGuard waxa uu Hard Drive-ka ka ilaaliyaa burbur ka dib marka uu shil dhaco

• Sida loo isticmaalo Windows 7 Disk Defragmenter