Supercookies ayaa khatar weyn ku ah sirta internetka. Laguma kaydiyo kombayutarkaada laakiin waxay aqoonsan karaan taraafikada shabakadaada oo aad bay u adagtahay in la ogaado. Waxaad maqli lahayd "Cookies", maya kuwa macaan ee la cuni karo, laakiin waxaan ka hadlaynaa cookies-ka kombuyuutarrada kuwaas oo ku raad-raacaya markaad internetka ka baadhayso^(Internet) . Erayada fudud, cookies waa faylal qoraal ah oo wata qaybo macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan hawshaada khadka.

Ka hadal buskudka HTTP kaas oo haddana ah qayb yar oo kood ah oo uga hadhay browser-kaaga mareegaha aad booqatay. Buskudkani waxa uu dhigayaa macluumaadka qalabkaaga si uu shabakadu kuu aqoonsato isticmaale soo laabanaya mar dambe marka aad mar kale booqato. Markaa, hadda markaad fahantay Kukiyada, aynu sii yara muquurno oo aynu ogaano sida Kukiyadu^(Cookies) u shaqeeyaan iyo ifafaalaha loo yaqaan ' Supercookies'.

Fahamka Kukiyada si faahfaahsan

Inta badan isticmaalayaasha kombuyuutarku waxay aqbalaan in shabakadaha internetka ay ka soo dejisan doonaan " Kukiyada " nidaamyada kombuyuutarka ka dib markay booqdaan mareegaha. Faylashan browser-ku-salaysan waxa ay wataan macluumaadka aasaasiga ah ee ka dhigaya daalacashada webka mid sahlan oo degdeg ah oo leh booqashooyin xiriir ah. In kasta oo hawl-galkoodu uu xoogaa kalluun yahay, buskudyada intooda badani waa kuwo aan waxyeello lahayn oo si togan uga qaybqaata kor u qaadista khibradaada wax raadinta. Waxay ku kaydiyaan macluumaadka yareeya waqtiyada rarka ee bogag kala duwan.

Aynu tusaale u soo qaadano inaad booqato degelka e-ganacsiga si aad wax uga iibsato internetka. Waxaad soo gashay, alaab ku dartay gaadhigaaga dhijitaalka ah, ka dibna waxaad go'aansatay inaadan waxba iibsan ilaa dhawr maalmood. Hadda, markaad dib ugu soo noqoto isla mareegta dhowr maalmood ka dib waxaad arki lahayd inaad weli gasho goobta oo dhammaan alaabtii aad ku dartay mar hore waxay ku badbaadsan yihiin gaadhigaaga dhijitaalka ah. Halkan, gelitaanka eey iyo alaabta gaadhiga la kaydiyay ayaa lagu duubayaa faylka buskudka kaas oo degelku si dhakhso leh u akhriyo markaad mar kale booqato mareegaha. Markaa, cookies-ka waxay kaa caawinaysaa hagaajinta baadhistaada iyo khibradaada wax iibsiga.

Hadda, cookies-ka browserku sidoo kale waa noocyo kala duwan, waana in maskaxda lagu hayaa in dhammaan cookies-ka aan loo samayn inay wax u dhimaan ammaankaaga internetka laakiin ay faa'iido u leeyihiin. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah cookies-ka browserka caadiga ah.

• Kukiyada HTTP-kaliya waxay^{(HTTP-only cookies)} kaa caawinayaan yaraynta u nuglaanta buskudka ee weerarka qoraalada goobta ( XSS )
• Kukiyada Flash^{(Flash cookies)} (nooc ka mid ah cookies)
• Kukiyada qolo saddexaad^{(Third-party cookies)} oo ka soo jeeda domain saddexaad oo loo kala saaray inay yihiin waxyeello
• Kukiyada kooxda koowaad^{(First-party cookies)} waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan cookies-ka joogtada ah, waxay ka caawiyaan bogagga inay xusuustaan ​​macluumaadka isticmaalaha iyo dejinta marka ay dib u booqdaan mustaqbalka
• Kukiyada fadhiga^{(Session cookies)} waxa sida ugu fiican loogu yaqaan xusuusta wakhtiga gaaban ee mareegta
• Hubi cookies^{(Secure cookies)} -ka lagu kala qaadi karo oo keliya xiriir qarsoodi ah
• Kukiyada Zombie^{(Zombie cookies)} waxay si dhow ula xiriiraan cookies-ka tooska ah waxayna isla markiiba dib isu abuuri karaan haddii qof tirtiro

Kukisyo yar ayaa meesha laga saaraa dhowr maalmood ka dib ama lagu calaamadeeyay in si toos ah loo tirtiro ka dib wakhti go'an, kuwani waa cookies joogto ah. Kadib waxaa jira kukisyada Supercookies^{(Supercookies)} oo ay adagtahay in la tirtiro maadaama kuwan loogu talagalay inay ka fogaadaan awoodaha tirtirka cookies-ka browserka caadiga ah. Bal wax badan ka baro iyaga.

Waa maxay Supercookies?

Erayada " supercookies ," " permacookies ," ama " cookies zombie^{(zombie cookies)} " -sida kuwa raadraacayaasha ah ayaa inta badan loo tixraacaa - gabi ahaanba maaha cookies^{(not cookies)} .

Kukiga super-ku waa buskudka raadraaca laakiin waxa uu leeyahay isticmaal khatar badan. Kukiyada super-cookies waxay si buuxda uga duwan yihiin buskudka caadiga ah. Waa nooc ka mid ah cookies-ka raadraaca ee lagu geliyo cinwaanka HTTP bixiyaha adeegga internetka ( ISP ) kaas oo ururiya xogta ku saabsan taariikhda baarista internetka ee isticmaalaha, caadooyinka, iyo dookhyada. Sidoo kale loo yaqaan Madaxa Aqoonsiga Gaarka ah^{(Unique Identifier Header)} ( UIDH ), buskud super-cookie maaha buskud HTTP farsamo ahaan, laakiin taa beddelkeeda macluumaadka lagu duray baakooyinka laga soo diray aaladda adeegsadaha iyo adeegga uu ku xidho. Marka, marka ISP ay aragto taraafikada ^(ISP)HTTP isticmaale waxay gelisaa HTTP dheeri ah^(HTTP)madaxa u geli xirmooyinka ka dib marka ay ka tagaan kombiyuutarka isticmaalaha.

Supercookies waxa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo ururiyo xog badan oo kala duwan oo ku saabsan caadooyinka baadhista intarneedka gaarka ah ee isticmaalaha iyo dookhyada ay ku jiraan isticmaalayaasha mareegaha ayaa doorbidaya booqashada iyo wakhtiga ay booqanayaan. Iyo, dhib ma laha browserka la isticmaalayo ama haddii isticmaaluhu beddelo daalacashada. Supercookies waxay sidoo kale ku habboon yihiin inay galaan oo ay ka ururiyaan macluumaadka cookies-ka raadraaca dhaqameed; Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah macluumaadka gelitaanka, xogta plug-ka, sawirada la kaydiyay, iyo faylasha. Waxay kaydin kartaa macluumaadkaas xitaa ka dib marka buskud-dhaqameedka la tirtiro.

Waa maxay sababta Supercookies ay u dilaan

Buskudka caadiga ah, waxaad ku xaddidi kartaa inuu kugu raaco intarneedka adiga oo si fudud u nadiifinaysa xogta browserka, cookies, iyo in ka badan. Kukiyada iyo cookies-ka qolo saddexaad ayaa laga xannibi karaa browserka iyada oo loo marayo dejinta, sidoo kale si toos ah ayaa loo tirtiri karaa marka fadhiga browserku dhammaado. Laakiin cookie-ga weyn gabi ahaanba wuu ka duwan yahay - Nadiifinta^(Clearing) ama tirtirida xogta wax-warshadaynta waxba ma tarto. Sababtu waxa ay tahay in supercookie aanu ahayn buskud run ah lagumana kaydiyo browser-ka laakiin waxa lagu duraa inta u dhaxaysa aaladda iyo server-ka uu ku xidhan yahay. Si fudud^(Simply) loo dhigo, kuwani way ka duwan yihiin cookies-ka caadiga ah, way adagtahay in la ogaado oo laga takhaluso sababtoo ah qaar badan oo ka mid ah kuma jiraan kombuyuutarkaaga ama meelaha caadiga ah ee kaydinta buskudka. Mana jiraan wax badan oo isticmaaluhu ka qaban karo.

Supercookie maaha buskud oo laguma kaydiyo dukaamada xaafaddaada sida buskudka caadiga ah. Taa beddelkeeda, waxaa lagu duraa Bixiyaha Adeegga Internetka^{(Internet Service Provider)} ( ISP ) waxayna ka dhex muuqataa shabakadaada iyo server-ka goobta HTTP . Waxay si fudud u ururin karaan aqoonsiga gelitaanka isticmaalaha, xogta ku-xidhka, sawirka, iyo kaydka faylalka.

Supercookie waa buskud raadraac ah oo aad ku dhowdahay inaadan suurtogal ahayn in la saaro. Nasiib darro, iyaga laguma tirtiri karo xogta kaydinta browserka. Sidoo kale xayeysiiyaasha ama raadraacayaasha sirta ah ma xannibi karaan iyaga. Isticmaalayaashu way iska bixi karaan haddii ISP -gooda ogolaado.

Khatarta ay leedahay Supercookies

Verizon , oo ah sidayaasha wireless-ka ee ugu weyn Mareykanka, ayaa lagu ganaaxay $1.35 milyan oo ganaax ah Guddiga Isgaarsiinta Federaalka ee Mareykanka^{(US Federal Communications Commission)} ka dib markii ay isticmaaleen "cookies" oo la socda dhaqdhaqaaqa isticmaaleyaasha internetka iyaga oo aan ogeyn.

Sida cad, Supercookie waa nooc ka mid ah jebinta gaarka ah. Kukiyada dhaqameedku waxay ku xidhan yihiin hal degel oo keliya lamana wadaagi karo goob kale, laakiin UIDH waxa loo daah-qaadi karaa degel kasta oo waxa ku jira xaddi aad u badan oo macluumaad suurtagal ah oo ku saabsan caadooyinka isticmaalaha iyo taariikhda. Supercookie si xun baa loo isticmaali karaa si loo ururiyo xog badan ka dibna dib loo iibiyo.

Ururka Xudduudaha Elektarooniga ah^{(Electronic Border Organization)} ( EFF ) ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in buskudyada super-cookies ay isticmaali karaan xayeysiiyayaashu si ay asal ahaan uga soo kabtaan cookies-ka tirtiray aaladaha isticmaalaha oo ay ku xidhaan istiraatiijiyad cusub, iyaga oo ka fogaanaya xeeladaha ka hortagga ee ay isticmaalaan isticmaalayaashu. Sidoo kale, EFF waxay xustay in UIDH ay sidoo kale codsan karto xogta laga soo diray codsiyada. Isku dhafkan wuxuu ogolaanayaa abuurista sawir faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan caadooyinka isticmaalka internetka ee isticmaalaha.

Akhriso^(Read) : Waa maxay Kukiyada Madaxbanaan ee Browser?

Sida loo soo saaro Supercookies

Hadda waxaan fahamsanahay in Supercookies ay keydiso macluumaad badan oo ku saabsan isticmaaleyaasha. Qaarkood waxay soo ceshan karaan cookies-ka la tirtiray ee caadiga ah qaarna waxaa laga yaabaa inaan lagu kaydin qalabkaaga. Haddaba, maxaa la samayn karaa si meesha looga saaro? Waxaa jira wax aad u "yar" isticmaaluhu samayn karo si uu u ogaado ama uga ilaaliyo goobta isticmaalka Supercookies sababtoo ah dabagalku wuxuu dhacaa "muqaalka gadaashiisa".

Supercookies waxay ku xidhan yihiin xidhiidhada HTTP , sidaa awgeed, samaynta xidhidh sir ah oo mareegaha ayaa jebiya raadraaca madaxyada inay shaqeeyaan. Booqashada kaliya ee HTTPS mareegaha oo ay ku jiraan kuwa adeegsada shahaadooyinka TLS ama SSL waxay ka caawisaa ka fogaanshaha Supercookies inay la socdaan dhaqdhaqaaqa isticmaalaha ama ay qabtaan. Sidoo kale, waxaad dib u hagaajin kartaa taraafikadaada interneedka adoo isticmaalaya shabakad sugan - waxaa fiican inaad isticmaasho VPN si aad u abuurto xidhiidh qarsoodi ah adiga iyo inta kale ee internet ka.

Firefox , Chrome , Edge , Safari , iyo daalacashada kale ayaa hoos u dhigaya supercookies.

Ugu dambeyntii, guud ahaan u isticmaal qalabka ugu wanaagsan ee badbaadada browserka^{(best browser security tools)} ee codsiga ugu wanaagsan ee amniga^{(best security application)} s. Isticmaalka HTTPS iyo VPN waxay noqon kartaa ikhtiyaar faa'iido leh, laakiin ugu dambeyntii isticmaalayaasha internetka waxay u baahan yihiin sharci adag oo u baahan ISP^(ISPs) -yada si ay u oggolaadaan isticmaalayaasha inay diidaan barnaamijyada noocaas ah ee raadraaca raadkooda internetka.

What are SuperCookies? Difference between Cookies and SuperCookies

Supercookies are a serious threat to internet privacy. They are not stored on your computer but can identify your web traffic and are tremendously tough to detect. You would have heard of “Cookies”, no not the sweet edible ones, but we are talking about computer cookies that track you while you are browsing on the Internet. In simple terms, cookies are text files with pieces of information about your online activity.

Talk about an HTTP cookie which is again a small piece of code that is left in your web browser by a website that you visited. This cookie places info on your device so that the website could identify you as a returning user later when you visit it again. So, now when you have understood Cookies, let’s deep dive a bit further and know how Cookies work and the phenomenon called as Supercookies.

Understanding Cookies in detail

Most PC users accept that websites will download “Cookies” from the computer systems after they have visited the website. These browser-based files carry basic information that makes web browsing an easier and faster experience with successive site visits. Though their operation is somewhat fishy, most of the cookies are harmless and contribute positively towards enhancing your browsing experience. They store information that reduces loading times on different pages.

Let’s take an instance of you visiting an e-commerce website for some online shopping. You logged in, added items to your digital cart, and then decided not to buy anything until few days. Now, when you logged back to the same website after a few days you would see that you are still logged into the site and all the items that you added earlier are safe in your digital cart. Here, the dogged login and stored cart items are recorded onto a cookie file that the website quickly reads as you visit the website again. So, cookies help in improving your browsing and shopping experience.

Now, browser cookies are also of different types, and it has to keep in mind that not all cookies are made to tamper with your online security but are instead beneficial. Here are some of the common browser cookies.

• HTTP-only cookies help in reducing a cookie’s vulnerability to a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack
• Flash cookies ( a type of supercookie )
• Third-party cookies that originate from a third domain and are categorized as harmful
• First-party cookies are also known as permanent cookies, they help sites to remember user’s information and settings when they revisit them in the future
• Session cookies are best known as website’s short time memory
• Secure cookies that can only be transmitted over an encrypted connection
• Zombie cookies are closely related to flash cookies and can instantly recreate themselves if someone deletes it

Few cookies are removed after a few days or are coded to automatically delete after a fixed time period, these are persistent cookies. Then there are Supercookies that are tough to delete as these are designed to evade deleting capabilities in common browser cookies. Let learn more about them.

What are Supercookies?

The terms “supercookies,” “permacookies,” or “zombie cookies”—as these trackers are commonly referred to—are not cookies at all.

A supercookie is a tracking cookie but has a more threatening use. Supercookies have completely different functionality to a normal cookie. It is a type of tracking cookies that are inserted into an HTTP header by an internet service provider (ISP) that gathers data about a user’s internet browsing history, habits, and preferences. Also known as a Unique Identifier Header (UIDH), a supercookie is not an HTTP cookie in technicality, but rather information injected into packets sent from a user’s device and the service it connects to. So, when the ISP spots a user’s HTTP traffic it inserts an extra HTTP header into the packets after they leave the user’s computer.

Supercookies can be used to gather an extensive range of data on users’ personal internet browsing habits and preferences including the website’s users prefer visiting and the time they are visiting. And, it doesn’t matter which browser is being used or if the user switch browsers. Supercookies are also apt to access and collect information from traditional tracking cookies; these include login information, plug-in data, cached images, and files. It can store that information even after the traditional cookie has been deleted.

Why Supercookies are lethal

With a normal cookie, you can restrict it to follow you around the internet by simply clearing the browser data, cookies, and more. Cookies and third-party cookies can be blocked from the browser through settings, they can also be auto-deleted once the browser session ends. But a supercookie is completely different – Clearing or deleting browsing data does not help. This is because a supercookie is not a real cookie and it’s not stored in the browser but it’s injected between the device and the server it’s connecting to. Simply put, these are different from traditional cookies, they are harder to detect and get rid of because many of them don’t exist on your computer or in normal cookie storage locations. And there is not much a user can do about it.

Supercookie is not a cookie and it is not saved in your local stores like normal cookies. Instead, they are injected by the Internet Service Provider (ISP) and it appears between your network and the server of the HTTP site. They can easily gather the user’s login credentials, plug-in data, image, and file caches.

Supercookie is a tracking cookie that you are nearly impossible to remove. Unfortunately, they cannot be cleared by deleting browser cache data. Nor can adblockers or privacy trackers block them. Users can opt-out if their ISP allows.

The dangers of Supercookies

Verizon, the largest US wireless carrier by subscribers, was hit with a $1.35 million fine by the US Federal Communications Commission for its use of “supercookies” that track users’ web browsing activity without their knowledge.

Clearly, Supercookie is a form of a privacy breach. Traditional cookies are tied only to a single website and cannot be shared with another site, but UIDH can be disclosed to any website and contain a huge amount of potential information about the user’s habits and history. Supercookie can be damagingly used to collect a lot of data and then resell it.

The Electronic Border Organization (EFF) also states that supercookies can be used by advertisers to essentially recover deleted cookies from user devices and link them with a new strategy, evading the preventing strategies taken by the users. Also, EFF notes that UIDH can also apply to data sent from applications. This combination allows creating a detailed picture of the user’s internet usage habits.

Read: What are Browser Independent Cookies?

How to remove a Supercookie

By now we understand that Supercookies stores a lot of information about users. Some of them can recover common deleted cookies and some may not be stored on your device. So, what can be done to remove it? There is very “little” a user can do to know or prevent a site from using Supercookies because tracking happens “behind the scenes”.

Supercookies hinge on HTTP connections, hence, making an encrypted connection with a website breaks tracking headers from functioning. Visiting only HTTPS websites including those that use TLS or SSL certificates helps in avoiding Supercookies from tracking the user’s activity or catching them. Also, you can redirect your internet traffic through a secure network- it’s best to use a VPN to create an encrypted connection between you and the rest of the internet.

Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Safari, and other browsers are cracking down on supercookies.

Lastly, as a general use the best browser security tools for the best security applications. Using HTTPS and VPN may be a useful option, but in the end internet users need is a strong law that requires ISPs to allow the users to reject such programs that track their internet footprints.

Related posts

• How to clear Cache, Cookies, Browsing History in Chrome and Firefox

• Sida si toos ah loo nadiifiyo cookies Firefox, Cache, History marka laga baxo

• Nadiifi Kukiyada, Xogta Goobta, Cache ee degel gaar ah: Chrome Edge Firefox

• Sida looga ilaaliyo isticmaaleyaasha inay beddelaan dookhyada Kukiyada Firefox-ka

• Xatooyada Kukiyada ama xoqidda: Maxay Hackers u rabaan kukiyadaada?

• Jooji ama Oggolow Kukiyada Qolalka Saddexaad ee Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera

• Habee sida Microsoft Edge ula dhaqmo Kukiyada gudaha Windows 11/10

• Thunderbolt 3 vs USB-C: Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya?

• Waa maxay Farqiga u dhexeeya Qayb-Qayb, Mug, iyo Wadad Macquul ah?

• Sida loo tirtiro Cache iyo Kukiyada Google Chrome

• Dami, Daar kukiyada Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Opera browsers

• Sida loo Maamulo Kuugyada Browser si loo helo Qarsoodi Wanaagsan

• Waa maxay Farqiga u dhexeeya Macmiilka iyo Kaararka Garaafka Goobta Shaqada ee Xirfadlaha?

• OTT wuxuu sharxayaa: Waa maxay Farqiga u dhexeeya POP & IMAP ee Akoonka Iimaylkayga?

• Freeware iyo Shareware - waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya?

• Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K vs Amazon Fire TV Cube: waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya?

• Waa maxay Farqiga u dhexeeya WPA2, WPA, WEP, AES, iyo TKIP?

• Waa maxay Farqiga u dhexeeya CC iyo BCC ee iimaylka?

• Windows 10 Pro vs Guriga: Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya?

• Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya VPN iyo Smart DNS?